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Basic Virology

by: Wagner, Edward K.; Hewlett, Martinez J.; Bloom, David C.; Camerini, David

Basic Virology

by: Wagner, Edward K.; Hewlett, Martinez J.; Bloom, David C.; Camerini, David

ISBN 13:
9781405147156
ISBN 10:
1405147156
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 10/29/2007
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

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Summary

Ideal for the student seeking a solid understanding of the basic principles in this rapidly developing field, this best-selling text offers a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of virology. Featuring an enhanced art program now in full-color, the new edition has been updated throughout. New edition incorporates additional reading suggestions, expanded review questions, chapter outlines and full-colour artwork Contains new chapters dealing with viruses and cancer, generation and use of recombinant viruses and virus-like particles, viral evolution, network biology and viruses, and animal models and transgenics, as well as a chapter devoted to HIV and AIDS Downloadable artwork, original animations and online resources are available at www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner

Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Acknowledgments
Virology and Viral Disease
Introduction û the Impact of Viruses on Our View of Life 2
The Science Of Virology
The Effect of Virus Infections on the Host Organism and Populations û Viral Pathogenesis, Virulence, and Epidemiology
The Interaction Between Viruses and Their Hosts
The History of Virology
Examples of the Impact of Viral Disease on Human History
Examples of the Evolutionary Impact of the VirusûHost Interaction
The Origin of Viruses
Viruses Have a Constructive as Well as Destructive Impact on Society
Viruses are Not the Smallest Self-replicating Pathogens
An Outline of Virus Replication and Viral Pathogenesis
Virus Replication
Stages of Virus Replication in the Cell
Pathogenesis Of Viral Infection
Stages of Virus-induced Pathology
Virus Disease in Populations and Individual Animals
The Nature Of Virus Reservoirs
Some Viruses with Human Reservoirs
Some Viruses with Vertebrate Reservoirs
Viruses In Populations
Viral Epidemiology in Small and Large Populations
Factors Affecting the Control of Viral Disease in Populations
Animal Models To Study Viral Pathogenesis
A Mouse Model for Studying Poxvirus Infection and Spread
Rabies: Where is the Virus During its Long Incubation Period?
Herpes Simplex Virus Latency
Patterns of Some Viral Diseases of Humans
The Stable Association of Viruses with their Natural Host Places Specific Constraints on the Nature of Viral Disease and Mode of Persistence
Classification of Human Disease-Causing Viruses According to VirusûHost Dynamics
Patterns Of Specific Viral Diseases Of Humans
Acute Infections Followed by Virus Clearing
Infection of an ôAccidentalö Target Tissue Leading to Permanent Damage Despite Efficient Clearing
Persistent Viral Infections
Viral and Subviral Diseases with Long Incubation Periods
Some Viral Infections Targeting Specific Organ Systems
Viral Infections of Nerve Tissue
Examples of Viral Encephalitis with Grave Prognosis
Viral Encephalitis with Favorable Prognosis for Recovery
Viral Infections of the Liver (Viral Hepatitis
Problems For Part I
Additional Reading For Part I
Basic Properties of Viruses and VirusûCell Interaction
Virus Structure and Classification
The Features Of A Virus
Viral Genomes
Viral Capsids
Viral Envelopes
Classification Schemes
The Baltimore Scheme of Virus Classification
Disease-based Classification Schemes for Viruses
The Virosphere
The Beginning and End of the Virus Replication Cycle
Outline of the Virus Replication Cycle
Viral Entry
Mechanisms of Entry of Nonenveloped Viruses
Entry of Enveloped Viruses
Entry of Virus into Plant Cells
Injection of Bacteriophage DNA into Escherichia coli
Nonspecific Methods of Introducing Viral Genomes into Cells
Late Events In Viral Infection: Capsid Assembly And Virion Release
Assembly of Helical Capsids
Assembly of Icosahedral Capsids
Generation of the Virion Envelope and Egress of the Enveloped Virion
Host Immune Response to Viral Infection û The Nature of the Vertebrate Immune Response
The Innate Immune Response û Early Defense Against Pathogens
Toll-like Receptors
Defensins
The Adaptive Immune Response And The Lymphatic System
Two Pathways of Helper T Response: the Fork in the Road
The Immunological Structure of a Protein
Role of the Antigen-presenting Cell in Initiation of the Immune Response
Control And Dysfunction Of Immunity
Specific Viral Responses to Host Immunity
Consequences of Immune Suppression to Virus Infections
Measurement Of The Immune Reaction
Measurement of Cell-mediated (T-cell) Immunity
Measurement of Antiviral Antibody
Strategies to Protect Against and Combat Viral Infection
Vaccination û Induction Of Immunity To Prevent Virus Infection
Antiviral Vaccines
Smallpox and the History of Vaccination
How a Vaccine is Produced
Problems with Vaccine Production and Use
Eukaryotic Cell-Based Defenses Against Virus Replication
Interferon
Other Cellular Defenses against Viral Infection
Antiviral Drugs
Targeting Antiviral Drugs to Specific Features of the Virus Replication Cycle
Other Approaches
Bacterial Antiviral Systems û Restriction Endonucleases
Problems For Part II
Additional Reading For Part II
Working with Virus
Visualization and Enumeration of Virus Particles
Using the Electron Microscope to Study and Count Viruses
Atomic Force Microscopy û A Rapid and Sensitive Method for Visualization of Viruses and Infected Cells, Potentially in Real Time
Indirect Methods for ôCountingö Virus Particles
Replicating and Measuring Biological Activity of Viruses
Cell Culture Techniques
Culture of Animal and Human Cells
The Outcome Of Virus Infection In Cells
Fate of the Virus
Fate of the Cell Following Virus Infection
Measurement Of The Biological Activity Of Viruses
Quantitative Measure of Infectious Centers
Use of Virus Titers to Quantitatively Control Infection Conditions
Dilution Endpoint Methods
Physical and Chemical Manipulation of the Structural Components of Viruses
Viral Structural Proteins
Isolation of Structural Proteins of the Virus
Size Fractionation of Viral Structural Proteins
Characterizing Viral Genomes
Sequence Analysis of Viral Genomes
Measuring the Size of Viral Genomes
The Polymerase Chain Reaction û Detection and Characterization of Extremely Small Quantities of Viral Genomes or Transcripts
Characterization of Viral Products Expressed in the Infected Cell
Characterization Of Viral Proteins In The Infected Cell
Pulse Labeling of Viral Proteins at Different Times Following Infection
Use of Immune Reagents for Study of Viral Proteins
Detecting And Characterizing Viral Nucleic Acids In Infected Cells
Characterization of Viral mRNA Expressed During Infection
Use Of Microarray Technology For Getting A Complete Picture Of The Events Occurring In The Infected Cell
Viruses Use Cellular Processes to Express Their Genetic Information
Prokaryotic DNA Replication is an Accurate Enzymatic Model for the Process Generally
Expression of mRNA
Prokaryotic Transcription
Eukaryotic Transcription
The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis
Problems For Part III
Additional Reading For Part III
Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses
Replication of Positive-sense RNA Viruses
RNA Viruses û General Considerations
A General Picture of RNA-Directed RNA Replication
Replication Of Positive-Sense Rna Viruses Whose Genomes Are Translated As The First Step In Gene Expression
Positive-Sense Rna Viruses Encoding A Single Large Open Reading Frame
Picornavirus Replication
Flavivirus Replication
Positive-sense RNA Viruses Encoding More than One Translational Reading Frame
Two Viral mRNAs are Produced in Different Amounts During Togavirus Infections
A Somewhat More Complex Scenario of Multiple Translational Reading Frames and Subgenomic mRNA Expression: Coronavirus Replication
Replication Of Plant Viruses With Rna Genomes
Viruses with One Genome Segment
Viruses with Two Genome Segments
Viruses with Three Genome Segments
Replication Of Bacteriophage With Rna Genomes
Regulated Translation of Bacteriophage mRNA
Replication Strategies of RNA Viruses Requiring RNA-directed mRNA Transcription as the First Step in Viral Gene Expression
Paramyxoviruses
Filoviruses and their Pathogenesis
Bornaviruses
Influenza Viruses û Negative-Sense Rna Viruses With A Multipartite Genome
Involvement of the Nucleus in Flu Virus Replication
Generation of New Flu Nucleocapsids and Maturation of the Virus
Influenza A Epidemics
Other Negative-Sense Rna Viruses With Multipartite Genomes
Bunyaviruses
Arenaviruses
Viruses With Double-Stranded Rna Genomes
Reovirus Structure
Reovirus Replication Cycle
Pathogenesis
Subviral Pathogens
Hepatitis Delta Virus
Viroids
Prions
Replication Strategies of Small and Medium-sized DNA Viruses
DNA Viruses Express Genetic Information and Replicate Their Genomes in Similar, Yet Distinct, Ways
Papovavirus Replication
Replication of SV40 Virus û The Model Polyomavirus
Replication of Papillomaviruses
Replication of Adenoviruses
Physical Properties of Adenovirus
The Adenovirus Replication Cycle
Replication of Some Single-stranded DNA Viruses
Replication of Parvoviruses
DNA Viruses Infecting Vascular Plants
Single-stranded DNA Bacteriophage X174 Packages its Genes Very Compactly
Replication of Some Nuclear-replicating Eukaryotic DNA Viruses with Large Genomes
Herpesvirus Replication And Latency
The Herpesviruses as A Group
The Replication of the Prototypical Alpha-Herpesvirus û HSV
HSV Latency and LAT
EBV Latent Infection of Lymphocytes, A Different Set of Problems and Answers
Pathology of Herpesvirus Infections
Baculovirus, An Insect Virus With Important Practical Uses In Molecular Biology
Virion Structure
Viral Gene Expression and Genome Replication
Pathogenesis
Importance of Baculoviruses in Biotechnology
Replication of Cytoplasmic DNA Viruses and ôLargeö Bacteriophages
Poxviruses û Dna Viruses That Replicate In The Cytoplasm Of Eukaryotic Cells
The Pox Virion is Complex and Contains Virus-coded Transcription Enzymes
The Poxvirus Replication Cycle
Pathogenesis and History of Poxvirus Infections
Is Smallpox Virus A Potential Biological Terror Weapon?
Replication Of ôLargeö Dna-Containing Bacteriophages
Components of Large DNA-containing Phage Virions
Replication of Phage T7
T4 Bacteriophage: the Basic Model for All DNA Viruses
Replication of Phage : a ôSimpleö Model for Latency and Reactivation
A Group Of Algal Viruses Shares Features Of Its Genome Structure With Poxviruses And Bacteriophages
Retroviruses: Converting RNA to DNA
Retrovirus Families And Their Strategies Of Replication
The Molecular Biology of Retrovirus
Replication of Retroviruses: An Outline of the Replication Process
Viral Gene Expression, Assembly, and Maturation
Mechanisms Of Retrovirus Transformation
Transformation through the Action of A Viral Oncogene û A Subverted Cellular Growth Control Gene
Oncornavirus Alteration of Normal Cellular Transcriptional Control of Growth Regulation
Oncornavirus Transformation by Growth Stimulation of Neighboring Cells
Cellular Genetic Elements Related To Retroviruses
Retrotransposons
The Relationship Between Transposable Elements and Viruses
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and Related Lentiviruses
HIV-1 and Related Lentiviruses
The Origin of HIV-1 and AIDS
HIV-1 and Lentiviral Replication
Destruction of the Immune System by HIV-1
Hepadnaviruses: Variations on the Retrovirus Theme
The Virion and the Viral Genome
The Viral Replication Cycle
The Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus
A Plant ôHepadnavirusö: Cauliflower Mosaic Virus
The Evolutionary Origin of Hepadnaviruses
Problems For Part IV
Additional Reading For Part IV
Viruses: New Approaches and New Problems
The Molecular Genetics of Viruses
Mutations in Genes and Resulting Changes to Proteins
Analysis of Mutations
Isolation of Mutants
A Tool Kit For Molecular Virologists
Viral Genomes
Locating Sites of Restriction Endonuclease Cleavage On the Viral Genome û Restriction Mapping
Cloning Vectors
Directed Mutagenesis of Viral Genes
Generation of Recombinant Viruses
Molecular Pathogenesis
An Introduction To The Study Of Viral Pathogenesis
Animal Models
Choosing a model: Natural Host vs. Surrogate Models
Development of New Models: Transgenic Animals
Hybrid Models: the SCID-hu Mouse
Considerations Regarding the Humane Use of Animals
Methods For The Study Of Pathogenesis
Assays of Virulence
Analysis of Viral Spread within the Host
Resolving the Infection to the Level of Single Cells
Characterization Of The Host Response
Immunological Assays
Use of Transgenic Mice to Dissect Critical Components of the Host Immune Response That Modulate the Viral Infection
Viral Bioinformatics and Beyond
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics and Virology
Biological Databases
Primary Databases
Secondary Databases
Composite Databases
Other Databases
Biological Applications
Similarity Searching Tools
Protein Functional Analysis
Sequence Analysis
Structural Modeling
Structural Analysis
Systems Biology And Viruses
Viral Internet Resources
Viruses and the Future û Promises and Problems
Clouds on the Horizon û Emerging Disease
What are the Prospects of Using Medical Technology to Eliminate Specific Viral and Other Infectious Diseases?
Silver Linings û Viruses as Therapeutic Agents
Why Study Virology?
Problems For Part V
Additional Reading For Part V
Appendix: Resource Center
Books of Historical and Basic Value
Books on Virology
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Texts
Detailed Sources
Sources for Experimental Protocols
The Internet
Technical Glossary
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Basic Virology

Basic Virology

9781405147156

1405147156

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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