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Astronomy Today

by: Chaisson, Eric; McMillan, Steve

Astronomy Today

by: Chaisson, Eric; McMillan, Steve

ISBN 13:
9780131445963
ISBN 10:
0131445960
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2008
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Summary

0136155502 Astronomy Today Vol 2, 6/e: Stars and Galaxies includes Part One on foundations (Chapters 1-5); Part Three on stars and stellar evolution (Chapters 16-22); and Part Four on galaxies and cosmology (Chapters 23-28). Vol 1 ISBN 0136155499 has to be purchased separatelyAstronomy Today Vol 1, 6/e: The Solar System covers Part One on foundations (Chapters 1-5); Part Two on the solar system (Chapters 6-15); the Sun chapter (Chapter 16); and the final chapter on life in the universe (Chapter 28).

Preface

xiv

PART ONE Astronomy and the Universe

(139)

Charting the Heavens

The Foundations of Astronomy

(2)

Our Place in Space

(2)

Scientific Theory and the Scientific Method

(2)

The ``Obvious'' View

(5)

More Precisely 1-1 Angular Measure

(1)

More Precisely 1-2 Celestial Coordinates

(1)

Earth's Orbital Motion

(4)

Physlet® Illustration The Solar vs. Sidereal Day

(2)

Animation The Earth's Seasons

(2)

Astronomical Timekeeping

(2)

The Motion of the Moon

(6)

Physlet® Illustration Phase of the Moon

(2)

Physlet® Illustration Eclipses

(3)

The Measurement of Distance

(9)

Tutorial Stellar Parallax

(1)

More Precisely 1-3 Measuring Distances with Geometry

(1)

Physlet® Illustration Angular Measurements vs. Distance Measurements

(1)

Chapter Review

(3)

The Copernican Revolution

The Birth of Modern Science

(2)

Ancient Astronomy

(2)

The Geocentric Universe

(3)

The Heliocentric Model of the Solar System

(2)

Discovery 2-1 The Foundations of the Copernican Revolution

(1)

The Birth of Modern Astronomy

(3)

The Laws of Planetary Motion

(4)

More Precisely 2-1 Some Properties of Planetary Orbits

(1)

Physlet® Illustration Kepler's 3 Laws

(1)

The Dimensions of the Solar System

(2)

Newton's Laws

(12)

More Precisely 2-2 The Moon Is Falling!

(1)

Physlet® Illustration Universal Gravitation

(2)

Physlet® Illustration Escape Speed

(1)

More Precisely 2-3 Weighing the Sun

(1)

Chapter Review

(3)

Radiation

Information from the Cosmos

(2)

Information from the Skies

(3)

Physlet® Illustration Basic Wave Properties

(1)

Waves in What?

(4)

Physlet® Illustration Electromagnetic Waves

(2)

Discovery 3-1 The Wave Nature of Radiation

(1)

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

(2)

Thermal Radiation

(6)

More Precisely 3-1 The Kelvin Temperature Scale

(2)

Tutorial The Planck Spectrum

(2)

More Precisely 3-2 More about the Radiation Laws

(1)

Tutorial Continuous Spectra and Blackbody Radiation

(1)

The Doppler Effect

(7)

Physlet® Illustration Doppler Effect

(1)

Tutorial Doppler Effect

(1)

Chapter Review

(3)

Spectroscopy

The Inner Workings of Atoms

(2)

Spectral Lines

(4)

Tutorial Emission Spectra

(2)

Tutorial Absorption Spectra

(1)

The Formation of Spectral Lines

(8)

More Precisely 4-1 The Energy Levels of the Hydrogen Atom

(2)

Discovery 4-1 The Photoelectric Effect

(1)

Physlet® Illustration The Bohr Atom

(1)

Animation Classical Hydrogen Atom I/Classical Hydrogen Atom II

(2)

Molecules

(1)

Spectral-Line Analysis

(9)

Chapter Review

101

(3)

Telescopes

The Tools of Astronomy

104

(2)

Telescope Design

106

(5)

Physlet® Illustration Image Formation by a Lens

107

(1)

Tutorial The Optics of a Simple Lens/Chromatic Aberration

107

(1)

Physlet® Illustration Telescope Designs

108

(1)

Tutorial Reflecting Telescopes

108

(1)

Physlet® Illustration Image Formation in a Mirror

108

(3)

Images and Detectors

111

(5)

Discovery 5-1 The Hubble Space Telescope

114

(2)

Telescope Size

116

(3)

High-Resolution Astronomy

119

(4)

Radio Astronomy

123

(4)

Interferometry

127

(3)

Space-Based Astronomy

130

(6)

Animation Light and Data Paths

135

(1)

Full-Spectrum Coverage

136

(4)

Chapter Review

137

(3)

PART TWO Our Planetary System

140

(262)

The Solar System

An Introduction to Comparative Planetology

142

(2)

An Inventory of the Solar System

144

(2)

Planetary Properties

146

(2)

More Precisely 6-1 Computing Planetary Properties

147

(1)

The Overall Layout of the Solar System

148

(1)

Animation An Astronomical Ruler

148

(1)

Terrestrial and Jovian Planets

149

(2)

Animation Size and Scale of the Terrestrial Planets I/The Gas Giants

149

(1)

Physlet® Illustration The Mass of a Planet

150

(1)

Interplanetary Debris

151

(1)

Spacecraft Exploration of the Solar System

152

(8)

Discovery 6-1 Gravitational ``Slingshots''

158

(2)

How Did the Solar System Form?

160

(10)

Physlet® Illustration Gravitational Slingshot

159

(2)

Animation Beta Pictoris Warp

161

(1)

More Precisely 6-2 The Concept of Angular Momentum

162

(3)

Chapter Review

165

(3)

Earth

Our Home in Space

168

(2)

Overall Structure of Planet Earth

170

(1)

Earth's Atmosphere

170

(7)

Physlet® Illustration Atmospheric Lifetimes

172

(2)

More Precisely 7-1 Why Is the Sky Blue?

174

(1)

Tutorial The Greenhouse Effect

175

(1)

Discovery 7-1 The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

176

(1)

Earth's Interior

177

(3)

Discovery 7-2 Earth's ``Rapidly'' Spinning Core

178

(2)

Surface Activity

180

(9)

More Precisely 7-2 Radioactive Dating

182

(7)

Earth's Magnetosphere

189

(3)

Physlet® Illustration Earth's Magnetic Field

189

(3)

The Tides

192

(8)

Chapter Review

194

(4)

The Moon and Mercury

Scorched and Battered Worlds

198

(2)

Orbital Properties

200

(2)

Physical Properties

202

(1)

Surface Features on the Moon and Mercury

203

(3)

Rotation Rates

206

(6)

Discovery 8-1 Lunar Exploration

208

(1)

Physlet® Illustration Rotation of Mercury

209

(1)

More Precisely 8-1 Why Air Sticks Around

210

(2)

Lunar Cratering and Surface Composition

212

(7)

Animation Meteor Energy

212

(6)

Discovery 8-2 The Moon on a Shoestring

218

(1)

The Surface of Mercury

219

(1)

Interiors

220

(2)

Animation Terrestrial Planets II

222

(1)

The Origin of the Moon

222

(2)

Evolutionary History of the Moon and Mercury

224

(6)

Chapter Review

225

(3)

Venus

Earth's Sister Planet

228

(2)

Orbital Properties

230

(1)

Physical Properties

230

(2)

Animation The Phases of Venus

231

(1)

Animation The Rotation of Venus

232

(1)

Long-Distance Observations of Venus

232

(3)

More Precisely 9-1 Synodic Periods and Solar Days

234

(1)

The Surface of Venus

235

(8)

Tutorial SuperSpaceship---Voyage to Venus

235

(8)

The Atmosphere of Venus

243

(3)

Tutorial The Greenhouse Effect

245

(1)

Venus's Magnetic Field and Internal Structure

246

(6)

Chapter Review

247

(3)

Mars

A Near Miss for Life?

250

(2)

Orbital Properties

252

(1)

Physical Properties

253

(1)

Long-Distance Observations of Mars

254

(1)

The Surface of Mars

255

(11)

Video Rotation of Mars

255

(1)

Video Mars Rotation and North Pole

256

(10)

The Martian Atmosphere

266

(4)

Discovery 10-1 Life on Mars?

268

(2)

Martian Internal Structure

270

(1)

The Moons of Mars

270

(6)

Chapter Review

271

(3)

Jupiter

Giant of the Solar System

274

(2)

Orbital and Physical Properties

276

(2)

The Atmosphere of Jupiter

278

(6)

Animation Galileo Mission to Jupiter

281

(3)

Internal Structure

284

(1)

Animation The Gas Giants Part II

284

(1)

Discovery 11-1 Almost a Star?

284

(1)

Jupiter's Magnetosphere

285

(2)

The Moons of Jupiter

287

(11)

Discovery 11-2 Jupiter's Many Moons

290

(2)

Animation Io Cutaway/Galileo Flyby of Io

292

(3)

Video Jupiter's Moon Europa

295

(1)

Video Jupiter's Moon Ganymede

296

(2)

Jupiter's Ring

298

(6)

Chapter Review

299

(3)

Saturn

Spectacular Rings and Mysterious Moons

302

(2)

Orbital and Physical Properties

304

(1)

Saturn's Atmosphere

305

(4)

Video Saturn Storm

306

(3)

Saturn's Interior and Magnetosphere

309

(1)

Saturn's Spectacular Ring System

310

(7)

Physlet® Illustration Roche Limit

312

(5)

The Moons of Saturn

317

(13)

Discovery 12-1 New Moons or Ring Debris at Saturn?

318

(7)

Chapter Review

325

(3)

Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto

The Outer Worlds of the Solar System

328

(2)

The Discovery of Uranus

330

(1)

The Discovery of Neptune

330

(2)

Physical Properties of Uranus and Neptune

332

(1)

The Atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune

333

(4)

Magnetospheres and Internal Structure

337

(1)

The Moon Systems of Uranus and Neptune

338

(6)

The Rings of the Outermost Jovian Planets

344

(3)

The Discovery of Pluto

347

(1)

Animation Orbits of Neptune and Pluto

348

(1)

Physical Properties of Pluto

348

(1)

Video Historical Observation of Pluto

349

(1)

Animation Mutual Eclipses of Charon and Pluto

349

(1)

The Origin of Pluto

349

(7)

Discovery 13-1 Surface Detail on Planet Pluto

351

(1)

Chapter Review

351

(3)

Solar System Debris

Keys to Our Origin

354

(2)

Asteroids

356

(7)

Discovery 14-1 What Killed the Dinosaurs?

362

(1)

Comets

363

(11)

Animation Comet Hale-Bopp Nucleus Animation

364

(1)

Animation Anatomy of a Comet Part I

365

(3)

Discovery 14-2 Comets Hyakutake and Hale-Bopp

368

(2)

Animation Anatomy of a Comet Part II

370

(2)

Discovery 14-3 A Cometary Impact

372

(2)

Meteoroids

374

(10)

Animation Asteroid Comet Breakup

375

(4)

Chapter Review

379

(3)

The Formation of Planetary Systems

The Solar System and Beyond

382

(2)

Modeling Planet Formation

384

(1)

Planets in the Solar System

385

(6)

Animation Solar System Formation

386

(4)

Discovery 15-1 The Angular Momentum Problem

390

(1)

Physlet® Illustration Conservation of Angular Momentum

390

(1)

Interplanetary Debris

391

(2)

The Role of Catastrophes

393

(1)

Planets beyond the Solar System

393

(4)

Is Our Solar System Unusual?

397

(5)

Chapter Review

399

(3)

PART THREE Stars and Stellar Evolution

402

(198)

The Sun

Our Parent Star

404

(2)

Physical Properties of the Sun

406

(2)

Tutorial SuperSpaceship---Voyage to the Sun

407

(1)

The Heart of the Sun

408

(4)

More Precisely 16-1 Fundamental Forces

412

(1)

The Solar Interior

412

(5)

Discovery 16-1 SOHO: Eavesdropping on the Sun

415

(1)

Physlet® Illustration Random Walk

416

(1)

The Solar Atmosphere

417

(4)

The Active Sun

421

(10)

Physlet® Illustration Rotation of Sunspots

422

(6)

Video May 12, 1997 Solar Flare Event

428

(1)

Animation Coronal Mass Ejection

428

(2)

Discovery 16-2 Solar-Terrestrial Relations

430

(1)

Observations of Solar Neutrinos

431

(7)

Chapter Review

433

(3)

Red Giants and White Dwarfs

A Field Guide to the Stars

436

(2)

The Solar Neighborhood

438

(4)

Discovery 17-1 Naming the Stars

441

(1)

Luminosity and Apparent Brightness

442

(4)

Animation The Inverse-Square Law

443

(2)

More Precisely 17-1 More on the Magnitude Scale

445

(1)

Physlet® Illustration Stars, Brightness, and the Magnitude Scale

445

(1)

Stellar Temperatures

446

(3)

Physlet® Illustration Blackbody Spectrum and Stellar Temperatures

447

(2)

Stellar Sizes

449

(3)

More Precisely 17-2 Estimating Stellar Radii

451

(1)

The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

452

(3)

Tutorial Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

453

(1)

Discovery 17-2 The Hipparcos Mission

454

(1)

Extending the Cosmic Distance Scale

455

(3)

Stellar Masses

458

(2)

Tutorial Binary Stars-Radial Velocity Curves

458

(1)

Tutorial Eclipsing Binary Stars-Light Curves

459

(1)

Mass and Other Stellar Properties

460

(8)

Chapter Review

463

(3)

The Interstellar Medium

Gas and Dust among the Stars

466

(2)

Interstellar Matter

468

(3)

Emission Nebulae

471

(7)

Video Gaseous Pillars of Star Birth

474

(1)

Animation M16 The Eagle Nebula

474

(3)

Video Orion Nebula Mosaic

477

(1)

Dark Dust Clouds

478

(3)

Discovery 18-1 Ultraviolet Astronomy and the ``Local Bubble''

479

(2)

21-Centimeter Radiation

481

(2)

Physlet® Illustration 21-cm Radiation

482

(1)

Interstellar Molecules

483

(7)

Chapter Review

485

(3)

Star Formation

A Traumatic Birth

488

(2)

Star-Forming Regions

490

(2)

The Formation of Stars Like the Sun

492

(5)

Animation Evolution of a 1-Solar Mass Star

495

(2)

Stars of Other Masses

497

(2)

Discovery 19-1 Observations of Brown Dwarfs

498

(1)

Observations of Cloud Fragments and Protostars

499

(5)

Animation Bi-Polar Outflow

503

(1)

Shock Waves and Star Formation

504

(1)

Star Clusters

505

(11)

Discovery 19-2 Eta Carinae

510

(1)

Chapter Review

511

(3)

Stellar Evolution

The Life and Death of a Star

514

(2)

Leaving the Main Sequence

516

(2)

Evolution of a Sun-like Star

518

(5)

More Precisely 20-1 The CNO Cycle

518

(5)

The Death of a Low-Mass Star

523

(7)

Animation Death of the Sun Part 1/Death of the Sun Part 2

524

(2)

Video Helix Nebula Animation

526

(1)

Animation Bi-Polar Planetary Nebula/H-R Diagram Tracks Stellar Evolution

527

(3)

Evolution of Stars More Massive than the Sun

530

(3)

Discovery 20-1 Learning Astronomy from History

530

(2)

Discovery 20-2 Mass Loss from Giant Stars

532

(1)

Observing Stellar Evolution in Star Clusters

533

(3)

The Evolution of Binary-Star Systems

536

(8)

Chapter Review

539

(3)

Stellar Explosions

Novae, Supernovae, and the Formation of the Elements

542

(2)

Life after Death for White Dwarfs

544

(2)

Animation Recurrent Nova

545

(1)

The End of a High-Mass Star

546

(2)

Physlet® Illustration Supernova

548

(1)

Supernovae

548

(7)

Discovery 21-1 Supernova 1987A

550

(1)

Animation Shockwaves Hit the Ring Around Supernova 1987A/Composition and Structure of the Ring Around SuperNova 1987A

551

(1)

Animation Supernova Explosion

552

(2)

Discovery 21-2 The Crab Nebula in Motion

554

(1)

The Formation of the Elements

555

(6)

The Cycle of Stellar Evolution

561

(7)

Chapter Review

562

(4)

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

Strange States of Matter

566

(2)

Neutron Stars

568

(1)

Pulsars

569

(4)

Physlet® Illustration Period of a Pulsar

571

(2)

Neutron-Star Binaries

573

(3)

Gamma-Ray Bursts

576

(4)

Black Holes

580

(1)

Einstein's Theories of Relativity

581

(5)

Tutorial Escape Speed and Black Hole Event Horizons

581

(2)

Physlet® Illustration Equivalence of Gravitational Field and Acceleration

583

(1)

Tutorial SuperSpaceship-Voyage to the Sun

583

(1)

More Precisely 22-1 Special Relativity

584

(2)

Space Travel Near Black Holes

586

(4)

More Precisely 22-2 Tests of General Relativity

590

(1)

Observational Evidence for Black Holes

590

(10)

Discovery 22-1 Gravity Waves: A New Window on the Universe

592

(2)

Animation Black Hole Geometry

594

(3)

Chapter Review

597

(3)

PART FOUR Galaxies and Cosmology

600

(2)

The Milky Way Galaxy

A Spiral in Space

602

(2)

Our Parent Galaxy

604

(2)

Measuring the Milky Way

606

(6)

Animation Cepheid Star in Distant Galaxy

608

(2)

Discovery 23-1 Early Computers

610

(2)

Galactic Structure

612

(4)

The Formation of the Milky Way

616

(1)

Galactic Spiral Arms

617

(5)

Discovery 23-2 Density Waves

620

(2)

The Mass of the Milky Way Galaxy

622

(3)

Physlet® Illustration The Mass of a Galaxy

622

(2)

Tutorial Gravitational Lensing

624

(1)

The Galactic Center

625

(9)

Chapter Review

629

(3)

Normal and Active Galaxies

Building Blocks of the Universe

632

(2)

Hubble's Galaxy Classification

634

(7)

The Distribution of Galaxies in Space

641

(3)

Hubble's Law

644

(4)

Animation Cluster Merger

645

(2)

Physlet® Illustration Galaxy Redshifts and Hubble's Law

647

(1)

Active Galactic Nuclei

648

(10)

More Precisely 24-1 Relativistic Redshifts and Look-Back Time

650

(7)

Animation Birth of a Quasar

657

(1)

Animation Active Galaxy

658

(1)

The Central Engine of an Active Galaxy

658

(10)

Animation Cosmic Jets

659

(1)

Animation Black Hole in Galaxy M87

660

(1)

Animation Supermassive Black Hole

661

(1)

Chapter Review

662

(4)

Galaxies and Dark Matter

The Large-Scale Structure of the Cosmos

666

(2)

Dark Matter in the Universe

668

(4)

Animation Dark Matter

670

(2)

Galaxy Collisions

672

(2)

Animation Collision of Two Spiral Galaxies

672

(2)

Galaxy Formation and Evolution

674

(4)

Animation Hubble Deep Field Zoom Sequence

675

(1)

Animation Starburst Galaxy

676

(2)

Black Holes and Active Galaxies

678

(4)

Physlet® Illustration Active Galactic Nuclei

679

(3)

The Universe on Large Scales

682

(12)

Discovery 25-1 The Sloan Digital Sky Survey

684

(4)

Animation Gravitational Lensing

688

(1)

Chapter Review

689

(3)

Cosmology

The Big Bang and the Fate of the Universe

692

(2)

The Universe on the Largest Scales

694

(2)

Animation Cosmic Structure

694

(2)

The Expanding Universe

696

(5)

Discovery 26-1 Stunning Views of Deep Space

698

(1)

Animation Big Bang

699

(2)

The Fate of the Cosmos

701

(2)

The Geometry of Space

703

(3)

More Precisely 26-1 Curved Space

705

(1)

Will the Universe Expand Forever?

706

(2)

Dark Energy and Cosmology

708

(3)

Discovery 26-2 Einstein and the Cosmological Constant

709

(2)

The Cosmic Microwave Background

711

(7)

Physlet® Illustration Temperature

711

(2)

Chapter Review

713

(3)

The Early Universe

Toward the Beginning of Time

716

(2)

Back to the Big Bang

718

(3)

The Evolution of the Universe

721

(5)

More Precisely 27-1 More on Fundamental Forces

724

(2)

The Formation of Nuclei and Atoms

726

(3)

The Inflationary Universe

729

(5)

The Formation of Structure in the Universe

734

(10)

Chapter Review

738

(4)

Life in the Universe

Are We Alone?

742

(2)

Cosmic Evolution

744

(5)

Discovery 28-1 The Virus

745

(4)

Life in the Solar System

749

(2)

Intelligent Life in the Galaxy

751

(4)

Physlet® Illustration Are We Alone?

751

(4)

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

755

(4)

Chapter Review

759

Appendices

(1)

Appendix 1: Scientific Notation

(1)

Appendix 2: Astronomical Measurement

(1)

Appendix 3: Tables

Glossary

(1)

Answers to Concept Check Questions

(4)

Answers to Self-Test Questions

Index

(1)

Star Charts

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Astronomy Today

Astronomy Today

9780131445963

0131445960

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Astronomy Today

Astronomy Today

9780131445963

0131445960

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

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