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Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers

by: Irvine, Kip

Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers

by: Irvine, Kip

ISBN 13:
9780132383103
ISBN 10:
0132383101
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2011
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Summary

This widely used, fully updated assembly language book provides basic information for the beginning programmer interested in computer architecture, operating systems, hardware manipulation, and compiler writing.Uses the Intel IA-32 processor family as its base, showing how to program for Windows and DOS. Is written in a clear and straightforward manner for high readability. Includes a companion CD-ROM with all sample programs, and Microsoftreg; Macro Assembler Version 8, along with an extensive companion Website maintained by the author. Covers machine architecture, processor architecture, assembly language fundamentals, data transfer, addressing and arithmetic, procedures, conditional processing, integer arithmetic, strings and arrays, structures and macros, 32-bit Windows programming, language interface, disk fundamentals, BIOS-level programming, MS-DOS programming, floating-point programming, and IA-32 instruction encoding.For embedded systems programmers and engineers, communication specialists, game programmers, and graphics programmers.

Preface

xxiii

Basic Concepts

(24)

Welcome to Assembly Language

(6)

Good Questions to Ask

(3)

Assembly Language Applications

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Virtual Machine Concept

(2)

History of PC Assemblers

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Data Representation

(11)

Binary Numbers

(1)

Binary Addition

(1)

Integer Storage Sizes

(1)

Hexadecimal Integers

(1)

Signed Integers

(2)

Character Storage

(2)

Section Review

(2)

Boolean Operations

(3)

Truth Tables for Boolean Functions

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

IA-32 Processor Architecture

(26)

General Concepts

(8)

Basic Microcomputer Design

(1)

Instruction Execution Cycle

(3)

Reading from Memory

(1)

How Programs Run

(1)

Section Review

(1)

IA-32 Processor Architecture

(6)

Modes of Operation

(1)

Basic Execution Environment

(2)

Floating-Point Unit

(1)

Intel Microprocessor History

(1)

Section Review

(1)

IA-32 Memory Management

(4)

Real-Address Mode

(2)

Protected Mode

(2)

Section Review

(1)

Components of an IA-32 Microcomputer

(3)

Motherboard

(1)

Video Output

(1)

Memory

(1)

Input-Output Ports and Device Interfaces

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Input-Output System

(3)

How It All Works

(2)

Section Review

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Assembly Language Fundamentals

(28)

Basic Elements of Assembly Language

(7)

Integer Constants

(1)

Integer Expressions

(1)

Real Number Constants

(1)

Character Constants

(1)

String Constants

(1)

Reserved Words

(1)

Identifiers

(1)

Directives

(1)

Instructions

(2)

The NOP (No Operation) Instruction

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Example: Adding Three Integers

(4)

Alternative Version of AddSub

(1)

Program Template

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Assembling, Linking, and Running Programs

(2)

The Assemble-Link-Execute Cycle

(2)

Section Review

(1)

Defining Data

(8)

Intrinsic Data Types

(1)

Data Definition Statement

(2)

Defining Byte and Sbyte Data

(1)

Defining Word and Sword Data

(1)

Defining Dword and Sdword Data

(1)

Defining Qword Data

(1)

Defining Tbyte Data

(1)

Defining Real Number Data

(1)

Little Endian Order

(1)

Adding Variables to the AddSub Program

(1)

Declaring Uninitialized Data

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Symbolic Constants

(3)

Equal-Sign Directive

(1)

Calculating the Sizes of Arrays and Strings

(1)

EQU Directive

(1)

Textequ Directive

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Real-Address Mode Programming (Optional)

(1)

Basic Changes

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Programming Exercises

(2)

Data Transfers, Addressing, and Arithmetic

(32)

Data Transfer Instructions

(8)

Introduction

(1)

Operand Types

(1)

Direct Memory Operands

(1)

MOV Instruction

(1)

Zero/Sign Extension of Integers

(2)

LAHF and SAHF Instructions

(1)

XCHG Instruction

(1)

Direct-Offset Operands

(1)

Example Program (Moves)

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Addition and Subtraction

(7)

INC and DEC Instructions

(1)

ADD Instruction

(1)

SUB Instruction

(1)

NEG Instruction

(1)

Implementing Arithmetic Expressions

(1)

Flags Affected by Addition and Subtraction

(3)

Example Program (AddSub3)

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Data-Related Operators and Directives

(5)

Offset Operator

(1)

Align Directive

(1)

PTR Operator

(1)

Type Operator

(1)

Lengthof Operator

(1)

Sizeof Operator

(1)

Label Directive

(1)

Section Review

(1)

Indirect Addressing

(5)

Indirect Operands

(1)

Arrays

100

(1)

Indexed Operands

101

(1)

Pointers

102

(1)

Section Review

103

(1)

JMP and LOOP Instructions

104

(4)

JMP Instruction

104

(1)

Loop Instruction

105

(1)

Summing an Integer Array

106

(1)

Copying a String

106

(1)

Section Review

107

(1)

Chapter Summary

108

(1)

Programming Exercises

109

(2)

Procedures

111

(39)

Introduction

111

(1)

Linking to an External Library

111

(2)

Background Information

112

(1)

Section Review

112

(1)

The Book's Link Library

113

(16)

Overview

113

(2)

Individual Procedure Descriptions

115

(10)

Library Test Programs

125

(4)

Section Review

129

(1)

Stack Operations

129

(5)

Runtime Stack

129

(2)

Push and POP Instructions

131

(3)

Section Review

134

(1)

Defining and Using Procedures

134

(9)

Proc Directive

134

(2)

Call and RET Instructions

136

(3)

Example: Summing an Integer Array

139

(1)

Flowcharts

140

(1)

Saving and Restoring Registers

140

(2)

Section Review

142

(1)

Program Design Using Procedures

143

(4)

Integer Summation Program (Design)

143

(2)

Integer Summation Implementation

145

(2)

Section Review

147

(1)

Chapter Summary

147

(1)

Programming Exercises

148

(2)

Conditional Processing

150

(43)

Introduction

150

(1)

Boolean and Comparison Instructions

151

(7)

The CPU Flags

151

(1)

And Instruction

152

(1)

Or Instruction

153

(1)

Xor Instruction

154

(1)

Not Instruction

155

(1)

Test Instruction

155

(1)

CMP Instruction

156

(1)

Setting and Clearing Individual CPU Flags

157

(1)

Section Review

157

(1)

Conditional Jumps

158

(11)

Conditional Structures

158

(1)

Jcond Instruction

158

(1)

Types of Conditional Jump Instructions

159

(4)

Conditional Jump Applications

163

(4)

Bit Testing Instructions (Optional)

167

(1)

Section Review

168

(1)

Conditional Loop Instructions

169

(1)

Loopz and Loope Instructions

169

(1)

Loopnz and Loopne Instructions

169

(1)

Section Review

170

(1)

Conditional Structures

170

(9)

Block-Structured IF Statements

170

(3)

Compound Expressions

173

(1)

While Loops

174

(3)

Table-Driven Selection

177

(1)

Section Review

178

(1)

Application: Finite-State Machines

179

(5)

Validating an Input String

180

(1)

Validating a Signed Integer

180

(3)

Section Review

183

(1)

Decision Directives

184

(5)

Signed and Unsigned Comparisons

185

(1)

Compound Expressions

186

(2)

.Repeat and .While Directives

188

(1)

Chapter Summary

189

(1)

Programming Exercises

190

(3)

Integer Arithmetic

193

(31)

Introduction

193

(1)

Shift and Rotate Instructions

194

(7)

Logical Shifts and Arithmetic Shifts

194

(1)

SHL Instruction

195

(1)

SHR Instruction

196

(1)

SAL and SAR Instructions

196

(1)

ROL Instruction

197

(1)

ROR Instruction

198

(1)

RCL and RCR Instructions

198

(1)

Signed Overflow

199

(1)

SHLD/SHRD Instructions

199

(1)

Section Review

200

(1)

Shift and Rotate Applications

201

(3)

Shifting Multiple Doublewords

201

(1)

Binary Multiplication

202

(1)

Displaying Binary Bits

202

(1)

Isolating MS-DOS File Date Fields

203

(1)

Section Review

203

(1)

Multiplication and Division Operations

204

(9)

MUL Instruction

204

(1)

IMUL Instruction

205

(2)

Benchmarking Multiplication Operations

207

(1)

DIV Instruction

208

(1)

Signed Integer Division

209

(2)

Implementing Arithmetic Expressions

211

(1)

Section Review

212

(1)

Extended Addition and Subtraction

213

(2)

ADC Instruction

213

(1)

Extended Addition Example

213

(1)

SBB Instruction

214

(1)

Section Review

215

(1)

ASCII and Unpacked Decimal Arithmetic

215

(4)

AAA Instruction

216

(2)

AAS Instruction

218

(1)

AAM Instruction

218

(1)

AAD Instruction

218

(1)

Section Review

219

(1)

Packed Decimal Arithmetic

219

(2)

DAA Instruction

219

(1)

DAS Instruction

220

(1)

Section Review

220

(1)

Chapter Summary

221

(1)

Programming Exercises

222

(2)

Advanced Procedures

224

(45)

Introduction

224

(1)

Stack Frames

225

(17)

Stack Parameters

225

(8)

Local Variables

233

(3)

Enter and Leave Instructions

236

(1)

Local Directive

237

(3)

WriteStackFrame Procedure

240

(1)

Section Review

241

(1)

Recursion

242

(4)

Recursively Calculating a Sum

243

(1)

Calculating a Factorial

243

(2)

Section Review

245

(1)

.Model Directive

246

(2)

Language Specifiers

247

(1)

Section Review

248

(1)

Invoke, ADDR, PROC, and Proto (Optional)

248

(10)

Invoke Directive

248

(1)

ADDR Operator

249

(1)

PROC Directive

250

(3)

PROTO Directive

253

(2)

Parameter Classifications

255

(1)

Example: Exchanging Two Integers

256

(1)

Debugging Tips

256

(1)

Section Review

257

(1)

Creating Multimodule Programs

258

(9)

Hiding and Exporting Procedure Names

258

(1)

Calling External Procedures

258

(1)

Using Variables and Symbols Across Module Boundaries

259

(1)

Example: ArraySum Program

260

(1)

Creating the Modules Using Extern

261

(3)

Creating the Modules Using Invoke and PROTO

264

(2)

Section Review

266

(1)

Chapter Summary

267

(1)

Programming Exercises

268

(1)

Strings and Arrays

269

(30)

Introduction

269

(1)

String Primitive Instructions

270

(6)

MOVSB, MOVSW, and MOVSD

271

(1)

CMPSB, CMPSW, and CMPSD

272

(2)

SCASB, SCASW, and SCASD

274

(1)

STOSB, STOSW, and STOSD

274

(1)

LODSB, LODSW, and LODSD

275

(1)

Section Review

275

(1)

Selected String Procedures

276

(6)

Str_compare Procedure

276

(1)

Str_length Procedure

277

(1)

Str_copy Procedure

278

(1)

Str_trim Procedure

278

(1)

Str_ucase Procedure

279

(1)

String Library Demo Program

280

(2)

Section Review

282

(1)

Two-Dimensional Arrays

282

(3)

Ordering of Rows and Columns

282

(1)

Base-Index Operands

283

(2)

Base-Index Displacement Operands

285

(1)

Section Review

285

(1)

Searching and Sorting Integer Arrays

285

(9)

Bubble Sort

286

(1)

Binary Search

287

(6)

Section Review

293

(1)

Chapter Summary

294

(1)

Programming Exercises

295

(4)

Structures and Macros

299

(47)

Structures

299

(14)

Defining Structures

300

(1)

Declaring Structure Variables

301

(1)

Referencing Structure Variables

302

(3)

Example: Displaying the System Time

305

(2)

Structures Containing Structures

307

(1)

Example: Drunkard's Walk

307

(3)

Declaring and Using Unions

310

(2)

Section Review

312

(1)

Macros

313

(13)

Overview

313

(1)

Defining Macros

313

(1)

Invoking Macros

314

(1)

Additional Macro Features

315

(3)

Using the Book's Macro Library

318

(6)

Example Program: Wrappers

324

(1)

Section Review

325

(1)

Conditional-Assembly Directives

326

(12)

Checking for Missing Arguments

326

(2)

Default Argument Initializers

328

(1)

Boolean Expressions

328

(1)

IF, ELSE, and ENDIF Directives

328

(1)

The IFIDN and IFIDNI Directives

329

(1)

Example: Summing a Matrix Row

330

(3)

Special Operators

333

(3)

Macro Functions

336

(1)

Section Review

337

(1)

Defining Repeat Blocks

338

(4)

While Directive

338

(1)

Repeat Directive

338

(1)

For Directive

339

(1)

FORC Directive

340

(1)

Example: Linked List

340

(2)

Section Review

342

(1)

Chapter Summary

342

(1)

Programming Exercises

343

(3)

MS-Windows Programming

346

(56)

Win32 Console Programming

346

(33)

Background Information

347

(3)

Win32 Console Functions

350

(2)

Displaying a Message Box

352

(2)

Console Input

354

(6)

Console Output

360

(1)

Reading and Writing Files

361

(4)

File I/O in the Irvine32 Library

365

(2)

Testing the File I/O Procedures

367

(3)

Console Window Manipulation

370

(3)

Controlling the Cursor

373

(1)

Controlling the Text Color

373

(2)

Time and Date Functions

375

(4)

Section Review

379

(1)

Writing a Graphical Windows Application

379

(8)

Necessary Structures

380

(1)

The MessageBox Function

381

(1)

The WinMain Procedure

382

(1)

The WinProc Procedure

382

(1)

The ErrorHandler Procedure

383

(1)

Program Listing

383

(3)

Section Review

386

(1)

Dynamic Memory Allocation

387

(6)

HeapTest Programs

390

(3)

Section Review

393

(1)

IA-32 Memory Management

393

(6)

Linear Addresses

394

(3)

Page Translation

397

(1)

Section Review

398

(1)

Chapter Summary

399

(1)

Programming Exercises

400

(2)

High-Level Language Interface

402

(30)

Introduction

402

(2)

General Conventions

402

(1)

Section Review

403

(1)

Inline Assembly Code

404

(5)

__asm Directive in Microsoft Visual C++

404

(2)

File Encryption Example

406

(3)

Section Review

409

(1)

Linking to C/C++ in Protected Mode

409

(14)

Using Assembly Language to Optimize C++ Code

410

(5)

Calling C and C++ Functions

415

(1)

Multiplication Table Example

416

(3)

Calling C Library Functions

419

(3)

Directory Listing Program

422

(1)

Section Review

423

(1)

Linking to C/C++ in Real-Address Mode

423

(7)

Linking to Borland C++

424

(1)

ReadSector Example

425

(3)

Example: Large Random Integers

428

(2)

Section Review

430

(1)

Chapter Summary

430

(1)

Programming Exercises

431

(1)

16-Bit MS-DOS Programming

432

(32)

MS-DOS and the IBM-PC

432

(6)

Memory Organization

433

(1)

Redirecting Input-Output

434

(1)

Software Interrupts

435

(1)

INT Instruction

435

(1)

Coding for 16-Bit Programs

436

(1)

Section Review

437

(1)

MS-DOS Function Calls (INT 21h)

438

(11)

Selected Output Functions

439

(2)

Hello World Program Example

441

(1)

Selected Input Functions

442

(4)

Date/Time Functions

446

(3)

Section Review

449

(1)

Standard MS-DOS File I/O Services

449

(12)

Create or Open File (716Ch)

451

(1)

Close File Handle (3Eh)

452

(1)

Move File Pointer (42h)

452

(1)

Get File Creation Date and Time

453

(1)

Selected Library Procedures

453

(1)

Example: Read and Copy a Text File

454

(2)

Reading the MS-DOS Command Tail

456

(2)

Example: Creating a Binary File

458

(3)

Section Review

461

(1)

Chapter Summary

461

(2)

Chapter Exercises

463

(1)

Disk Fundamentals

464

(26)

Disk Storage Systems

464

(4)

Tracks, Cylinders, and Sectors

465

(1)

Disk Partitions (Volumes)

466

(2)

Section Review

468

(1)

File Systems

468

(4)

FAT12

469

(1)

FAT16

469

(1)

FAT32

469

(1)

NTFS

470

(1)

Primary Disk Areas

470

(1)

Section Review

471

(1)

Disk Directory

472

(5)

MS-DOS Directory Structure

473

(2)

Long Filenames in MS-Windows

475

(1)

File Allocation Table (FAT)

476

(1)

Section Review

477

(1)

Reading and Writing Disk Sectors (7305h)

477

(5)

Sector Display Program

478

(4)

Section Review

482

(1)

System-Level File Functions

482

(5)

Get Disk Free Space (7303h)

483

(2)

Create Subdirectory (39h)

485

(1)

Remove Subdirectory (3Ah)

486

(1)

Set Current Directory (3Bh)

486

(1)

Get Current Directory (47h)

486

(1)

Get and Set File Attributes (7143h)

486

(1)

Section Review

487

(1)

Chapter Summary

487

(1)

Programming Exercises

488

(2)

BIOS-Level Programming

490

(46)

Introduction

490

(2)

BIOS Data Area

491

(1)

Keyboard Input with INT 16h

492

(6)

How the Keyboard Works

492

(1)

INT 16h Functions

493

(4)

Section Review

497

(1)

Video Programming with INT 10h

498

(14)

Basic Background

498

(1)

Controlling the Color

499

(2)

INT 10h Video Functions

501

(10)

Library Procedure Examples

511

(1)

Section Review

512

(1)

Drawing Graphics Using INT 10h

512

(7)

INT 10h Pixel-Related Functions

513

(1)

DrawLine Program

514

(1)

Cartesian Coordinates Program

515

(2)

Converting Cartesian Coordinates to Screen Coordinates

517

(1)

Section Review

518

(1)

Memory-Mapped Graphics

519

(4)

Mode 13h: 320 x 200, 256 Colors

519

(1)

Memory-Mapped Graphics Program

520

(3)

Section Review

523

(1)

Mouse Programming

523

(10)

Mouse INT 33h Functions

523

(5)

Mouse Tracking Program

528

(4)

Section Review

532

(1)

Chapter Summary

533

(1)

Chapter Exercises

534

(2)

Expert MS-DOS Programming

536

(26)

Introduction

536

(1)

Defining Segments

537

(7)

Simplified Segment Directives

537

(1)

Explicit Segment Definitions

538

(4)

Segment Overrides

542

(1)

Combining Segments

542

(1)

Section Review

543

(1)

Runtime Program Structure

544

(4)

Program Segment Prefix

544

(1)

COM Programs

545

(1)

EXE Programs

546

(1)

Section Review

547

(1)

Interrupt Handling

548

(10)

Hardware Interrupts

549

(1)

Interrupt Control Instructions

550

(1)

Writing a Custom Interrupt Handler

551

(2)

Terminate and Stay Resident Programs

553

(1)

Application: The No_Reset Program

554

(3)

Section Review

557

(1)

Hardware Control Using I/O Ports

558

(2)

Input-Output Ports

558

(1)

PC Sound Program

558

(2)

Chapter Summary

560

(2)

Floating-Point Processing and Instruction Encoding

562

(38)

Floating-Point Binary Representation

562

(7)

IEEE Binary Floating-Point Representation

563

(1)

The Exponent

564

(1)

Normalized Binary Floating-Point Numbers

565

(1)

Creating the IEEE Representation

565

(2)

Converting Decimal Fractions to Binary Reals

567

(1)

Section Review

568

(1)

Floating-Point Unit

569

(19)

FPU Register Stack

569

(2)

Rounding

571

(2)

Floating-Point Exceptions

573

(1)

Floating-Point Instruction Set

573

(3)

Arithmetic Instructions

576

(3)

Comparing Floating-Point Values

579

(3)

Reading and Writing Floating-Point Values

582

(1)

Exception Synchronization

583

(1)

Code Examples

584

(1)

Mixed-Mode Arithmetic

585

(1)

Masking and Unmasking Exceptions

586

(1)

Section Review

587

(1)

Intel Instruction Encoding

588

(8)

IA-32 Instruction Format

588

(1)

Single-Byte Instructions

589

(1)

Move Immediate to Register

590

(1)

591

(1)

IA-32 Processor Operand-Size Prefix

591

(1)

Memory-Mode Instructions

592

(3)

Section Review

595

(1)

Chapter Summary

596

(1)

Programming Exercises

597

(3)

Appendix A MASM Reference

600

(19)

Appendix B The IA-32 Instruction Set

619

(31)

Appendix C BIOS and MS-DOS Interrupts

650

(9)

Appendix D Answers to Review Questions

659

(46)

Index

705

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Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers

Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers

9780132383103

0132383101

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers

Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers

9780132383103

0132383101

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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