Amin Nathoo is a telecom professional with 11 years of experience with Alcatel-Lucent. Amin has a Service Routing Architect certification and is currently a Subject Matter Expert in IP/MPLS networking on the Service Routing Certification Team.

Introduction xxix

Part I IP Networking 1

Chapter 1 IP/MPLS Service Networks 3

1.1 Internet Protocol 4

1.2 Alcatel-Lucent 7750 Service Router Product Group 7

Chapter 2 Layer 2: The Physical Components of the Internet 17

2.1 Purpose and Functions of a Layer 2 Protocol 20

2.2 Ethernet 23

2.3 Ethernet VLANs 28

2.4 SONET/SDH, POS, and ATM 33

2.5 Configuring Ports 38

Chapter 3 IP Networks 53

3.1 Summary of IP Capabilities 56

3.2 IP Addressing Review 58

3.3 IP Forwarding 60

3.4 Configuring an IP Interface on the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR 66

3.5 Using and Configuring Static Routes 70

3.6 Other Static Route Options 73

3.7 IPv6 79

3.8 ICMPv6 87

3.9 Configuring IPv6 90

Chapter 4 Dynamic Routing Protocols 117

4.1 Overview of Dynamic Routing 120

4.2 Dynamic Routing Protocols 122

4.3 Link-State Routing Protocols 126

4.4 Role of BGP in Internet Routing 131

4.5 RTM and Route Selection 146

Chapter 5 Introduction to OSPF 157

5.1 Overview of OSPF Operation 160

5.2 The OSPF Database and OSPF Messages 163

5.3 Establishing OSPF Adjacencies 167

5.4 Flooding LSAs 178

5.5 Router LSA Details 183

5.6 The Designated Router and Network LSAs 188

5.7 Configuring and Verifying OSPF 194

5.8 Other OSPF Features 202

Chapter 6 OSPF Multi-Area Networks 223

6.1 OSPF Multi-Area Networks 227

6.2 Backbone Network and ABRs 228

6.3 Summary LSA Details 229

6.4 Route Summarization 235

6.5 Virtual Links 240

6.6 Exporting Routes to OSPF 245

6.7 Stub Areas 252

6.8 Flooding Rules Summary 262

6.9 Opaque LSAs 262

Chapter 7 OSPFv3 279

7.1 OSPFv3 283

Chapter 8 Introduction to IS-IS 319

8.1 Overview of IS-IS Operation 323

8.2 The IS-IS Database and IS-IS PDUs 326

8.3 Establishing IS-IS Adjacencies 333

8.4 Flooding LSPs 350

8.5 The Designated IS (DIS) 352

8.6 Configuring and Verifying IS-IS 356

8.7 Configuring Other IS-IS Features 365

Chapter 9 IS-IS Multi-Area Networks 387

9.1 Hierarchy in an IS-IS Network 390

9.2 Implementing a Multi-Area IS-IS Network 393

9.3 Route Summarization and Route Leaking 405

9.4 Exporting Routes to IS-IS 417

Chapter 10 IS-IS for IPv6 439

10.1 IPv6 in an IS-IS Network 444

Part II Multiprotocol Label Switching 471

Chapter 11 Introduction to Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 473

11.1 Applications of MPLS 476

11.2 MPLS Concepts and Components 483

11.3 Label Switching and Label Operations 488

11.4 MPLS Label Structure 496

11.5 Label Values and Label Space 503

11.6 Static LSPs 507

11.7 Dynamic Label Distribution 514

11.8 Label Distribution Modes 516

Chapter 12 Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) 527

12.1 LDP Operation and Messages 530

12.2 LDP Sessions 534

12.3 Label Distribution with LDP 539

12.4 LDP and IGP Interaction 556

Chapter 13 RSVP-TE Operation 599

13.1 Overview of RSVP-TE 603

13.2 RSVP-TE Operation and Messages 609

13.3 RSVP-TE Adjacencies and the Hello Message 623

13.4 RSVP-TE Path Selection 629

13.5 MPLS Shortcuts 636

Chapter 14 Constraint-Based Routing and TE-LSPs 671

14.1 Purpose of Constraint-Based Routing 675

14.2 CSPF Algorithm 678

14.3 Traffic-Engineering Extensions 683

14.4 OSPF-TE 686

14.5 IS-IS TE 690

14.6 Traffic-Engineered LSPs 695

14.7 More Control over Path Selection 712

14.8 LDP-over-RSVP 740

Chapter 15 RSVP-TE Resource Reservation 763

15.1 RSVP-TE and Bandwidth Reservation 767

15.2 Bandwidth Reservation Styles 779

15.3 LSP Soft Preemption 797

15.4 DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering 808

Chapter 16 MPLS Resiliency 843

16.1 Network Resiliency Overview 847

16.2 RSVP-TE Secondary Paths 847

16.3 Fast Reroute 876

Part III VPN Services 947

Chapter 17 Introduction and Overview of VPN Services 949

17.1 Introduction to Services 952

17.2 Service Types 955

Virtual Private Wire Service 955

17.3 MPLS Transport and Service Label Signaling 961

17.4 Service Configuration Model on the 7750 970

Chapter 18 VPWS Services 1015

18.1 Overview of VPWS 1018

18.2 Epipe SAP Encapsulations 1018

18.3 MTU Relationships 1031

18.4 Other VPWS Services 1066

Chapter 19 VPLS 1089

19.1 VPLS Overview 1092

19.2 Virtual Switch Behavior 1094

19.3 VPLS Configuration and Verification 1101

19.4 VPLS Topologies 1116

Chapter 20 Layer 3 Services 1147

20.1 IES Overview 1150

20.2 VPRN Overview 1163

20.3 VPRN for IPv6 (6VPE) 1191

Chapter 21 Operations, Administration, and Maintenance 1219

21.1 OAM Overview 1222

21.2 Service Mirroring 1232

Appendix Chapter Assessment Questions and Answers 1253

Glossary 1395

Afterword 1421

Index 1423

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