Jonathan T. Reynolds completed his undergraduate work at the University of Tennesse in 1988 with majors in honors history, anthropology and ancient Mediterranean civilizations. He completed his Ph.D. in African history at Boston University in 1995. A specialist in West Africa and Islam, he has traveled extensively in the region since 1990–including an unsuccessful attempt at driving across the Sahara in a British car in 1994. His research has been supported by the Fulbright Foundation and the West Africa Research Association. He has taught at Bayero University, the University of Tennessee, Livingstone College (where he received the Aggrey Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1998) and Northern Kentucky University (where he received the Outstanding Junior Faculty Award in 2001). He served as the coordinator for the Southeastern Regional Seminar on African Studies from 1997 to 2000. Dr. Reynolds currently holds the rank of associate professor of history at Northern Kentucky University.

Part I: Africa Up To 1500 C.E. 

Chapter 1: Physical Context of African History: Geography and Environment 
Physical Features of the Continent 
Challenges of the African Environment 
The African Environment in Global Perspective

Chapter 2: Africa and Human Origins 
Early Perspectives on Human Origins and the Notion of Race 
Africa and Human Origins in Global Perspective 

Chapter 3: Finding Food and Talking About It: The First 100,000 Years
Humans and the Environment: Foraging for Food
Regional Foraging Strategies 
The African Environment and the First Modern Humans in Global Perspective 

Chapter 4: Settled Life: Food Production, Technology, and Migrations 
The Origins of Food Production 
Animal Domestication 
The Social, Political, and Economic Impact of Food Production 
The Bantu Expansion 
Metallurgy and the Banana 
Political and Religious Culture in Early African History 
Early African Migrations, Technology, and Culture in Global Perspective 

Chapter 5: North and Northeast Africa in Early World History 
Egypt in Early World History 
Ancient Egypt and Greece 
Carthage and Rome in Early Northern Africa 
Ancient Nubia and the Horn of Africa in the Ancient World 
Ancient Africa United: The Afrocentric Argument 
Ancient North and Northeastern Africa in Global Perspective 

Chapter 6: Africa and the Early Christian World 
The Spread of Christianity in Africa 
African Contributions to Early Christian Thought 
The Decline of African Christianity 
Early African Christianity in Global Perspective 

Chapter 7: North and West Africa and the Spread of Islam 
The Origins of Islam 
Islam in North Africa 
Empires, Trade, and Islam in the West African Savannah 
The Rise of Mali 
The Rise of Songhai 
Islam in Kanem-Bornu and Hausaland 
African Traditional Religions and Conversion 
The Africanization of Islam 
Islam in North and West Africa in Global Perspective 

Chapter 8: East Africa and the Advent of Islam 
The Monsoons 
Swahili Origins 
Islam and the Emergence of the Swahili as a Distinctive Group 
Life in the Early Swahili Towns: 750—1000 
The High Point of Swahili Civilization: 1000—1500 
Urban Transformation 
Economic Transformation 
Kilwa: A Case Study 
The Swahili Coast in Global Perspective 

Part II: Africa Since 1500 C.E. 

Chapter 9: Slavery and the Creation of the Atlantic World 
The Institution of Slavery before the Rise of the Atlantic Trade 
Slavery in the Mediterranean and Europe 
Slavery in Africa 
The Institution of Slavery 
The Birth of the Plantation Complex 
New Sea Routes 
The Plantation System in the New World 
Race and Slavery in the New World 
The Nature of the Slave Trade 
Shipboard Conditions 
The Human Toll 
Justifications for the Slave Trade 
Counting the Cost 
African Culture in Diaspora 
African Religion in the New World 
Independent African Communities in the New World 
Diasporic Africans Back in Africa–Routes of Return 
The Atlantic System and Economic Change 
The Atlantic System and the Industrial Revolution 
The Atlantic System and African Poverty 
Abolition of the Slave Trade 
The End of the Atlantic World 
The Atlantic Slave Trade in Global Perspective 

 
Chapter 10: West and West-Central Africa: 1500—1880 
The Setting: West and West-Central Africa Prior to European Contact 
First Impressions 
Early Relations–Religion, Trade, and Politics 
Africa Transformed? Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade 
Regional Developments in the Era of the Slave Trade 
The End of the Slave Trade and the Rise of Legitimate Trade 
West and West-Central Africa 1500—1880, in Global Perspective 

Chapter 11: North Africa and the Soudan: 1500—1880 
The Ottomans in Egypt 
The Ottomans in the Maghreb 
Ottoman Culture in North Africa 
The Rise of Morocco 
Invasion and Reform in Egypt 
French Invasion in Algeria 
Religious Change in the Soudan to the 1880s 
North Africa and the Soudan, 1500—1880, in Global Perspective 

Chapter 12: East Africa, 1500—1850 
The Arrival of the Portuguese 
The Omani Empire in East Africa 
The Busaids 
Britain and the Suppression of the Indian Ocean Slave Trade 
Links to the Interior 
Portuguese and Omani Dominance in Global Perspective 

Chapter 13: Southern Africa, 1500—1870 
Terrain, Climate, and Settlement 
Shaka and the Rise of the Zulu State 
Mzilikazi and the “Ndebele” 
Moshoeshoe 
The “Voortrekkers” 
The British Expansion and the Formation of the Boer Republics 
South Africa in Global Perspective, 1500—1870 

Chapter 14: Colonialism and African Resistance 
Europe’s Industrial Transformation and Africa 
Quinine and Colonialism 
Weapons and Colonialism 
The Great Transformation 
The Limits of Resistance 
The Colonization of a Continent 
The Expansion of the Gold Coast Colony 
Creating the Belgian Congo 
Ethiopia: Where European Imperialism Failed 
African Colonization in Global Perspective 

Chapter 15: Economic Change in Modern Africa: Forced Integration into the World System 
The Cash Crop Revolution 
Colonial Transportation Networks 
Cocoa Farming in Ghana 
Cotton and Groundnuts in Nigeria 
Africans as Wage Laborers 
Slavery and Labor in Zanzibar 
Settlers in the Kenya Highlands 
The Cities of Africa 
Women and Work in Colonial Africa 
The Movement to Independence and Modernization 
African Economic History in Global Perspective 

Chapter 16: Political Change in the Time of Colonialism 
Varieties of Colonial Administration 
World War I and Colonial Rule 
Colonialism and African “Elites” 
World War II and the Twilight of Colonial Rule 
Colonial Rule in Africa in Global Perspective 

Chapter 17: African Culture in the Modern World 
Africa and Anthropology 
Christianity and Colonialism 
Independent Churches 
Islam as a Globalizing Force 
Migrants and Mobility 
Soccer on the Global Stage 
Movies and Music 
Modern African Culture in Global Perspective 

Chapter 18: Politics in the Era of Decolonization and Independence 
The Era of Decolonization 
The Rise of African Nationalist Movements 
Decolonization in the Settler States and Portuguese Africa 
After Colonialism: Independence¼or into Dependence? 
Pan-Africanism 
The Challenges of Independence 
The Congo Crisis 
Political Change in Independent Africa: Innovation or Regression? 
Independent African States in Global Perspective 

Chapter 19: Contemporary Africa 
The End of the Cold War and Political Change in Africa 
The End of Apartheid 
Conflict and Collapsed States in the Post—Cold War Era 
Africa and the War on Terror 
The Rwandan Genocide and the “African World War” 
Genocide in Sudan? 
Globalization and Development in Contemporary Africa 
The HIV Pandemic and Africa 
African Solutions 
Contemporary Africa in Global Perspective–Looking Back, Looking Ahead 

Glossary
Selected Bibliography 
Credits 
Index 

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