Ashutosh Tiwari is an Associate Professor at the Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University, Sweden; Editor-in-Chief, Advanced Materials Letters; Secretary General, International Association of Advanced Materials; a materials chemist and also a docent in applied physics at Linköping University, Sweden. He has published more than 350 articles, patents, and conference proceedings in the field of materials science and technology and has edited/authored more than fifteen books on the advanced state-of-the-art of materials science. He is a founding member of the Advanced Materials World Congress and the Indian Materials Congress.

Lokman Uzun is an Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey where he also received his PhD in 2008. He is the author of more than 75 articles in peer-review journals and is the Assistant Editor of Hacettepe’s Journal of Biology and Chemistry. He recently took up a fellowship with the Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University, Sweden. His research interest is mainly in materials science, surface modification, affinity interaction, polymer science, especially molecularly imprinted polymers and their applications in biosensors, bioseparation, food safety, and the environmental sciences.

Preface xv

Part 1: Functional Metal Oxides: Architecture, Design, and Applications

1 Development of Toxic Chemicals Sensitive Chemiresistors Based on Metal Oxides, Conducting Polymers and Nanocomposites Thin Films 3
Sadia Ameen, M. Shaheer Akhtar, Hyung-Kee Seo, and Hyung-Shik Shin

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 Semiconducting Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Chemiresistor 6

1.3 Conducting Polymers Nanostructures for Chemiresistors 21

1.4 Semiconducting Nanocomposites for Chemoresistors 44

1.5 Conclusions and Outlook 48

Acknowledgments 49

References 49

2 The Synthetic Strategy for Developing Mesoporous Materials through Nanocasting Route 59
Rawesh Kumar and Biswajit Chowdhury

2.1 Introduction to Nanocasting 59

2.2 Steps of Nanocasting 61

2.3 Porous Silica as Template for Inorganic Compounds 68

2.4 Porous Silica as Template for Mesoporous Carbon 86

2.5 Porous Carbon as Template for Inorganic Compound 104

2.6 Future Prescriptive  113

2.7 Limitation 114

2.8 Conclusion 115

Acknowledgments 116

References 116

3 Spray Pyrolysis of Nano-structured Optical and Electronic Materials 127
Nurdan Demirci Sankir, Erkan Aydin, Esma Ugur, and Mehmet Sankir

3.1 Introduction 128

3.2 Spray Pyrolysis Technology 128

3.3 Nanoparticles Created via Spray Pyrolysis Method 134

3.4 Nanopillars and Nanoporous Structures 142

3.5 Nanocrystalline Thin Film Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis 150

3.6 Conclusion 167

Acknowledgments 168

References  168

4 Multifunctional Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application 183
Noppakun Sanpo, Cuie Wen, Christopher C. Berndt, and James Wang

4.1 Introduction 183

4.2 Ferrites 187

4.3 The Sol Gel Method 189

4.4 Chelating Agents 195

4.5 Approach and Methodology 199

4.6 Experimental Results 202

4.7 Concluding Remarks 213

Acknowledgements 214

References 214

5 Heterostructures Based on TiO2 and Silicon for Solar Hydrogen Generation    219
Dilip Kumar Behara, Arun Prakash Upadhyay, Gyan Prakash Sharma, B.V. Sai Krishna Kiran, Sri Sivakumar and Raj Ganesh S. Pala

5.1 Introduction 220

5.2 Overview of Heterostructures 221

5.3 TiO2  Heterostructures 234

5.4 Silicon Based Heterostructures 253

5.5 Some Unaddressed Issues of Heterostructures in Relation to Photocatalysis 261

5.6 Summary/Conclusions and Future Outlook 262

Acknowledgment 263

Notes on Contributors 263

References 264

6 Studies on Electrochemical Properties of MnO2 and CuO Decorated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as High-Performance Electrode Materials 283
Mohan Raja

6.1 Introduction 283

6.2 Experimental 285

6.3 Characterization 286

6.4 Results and Discussion 286

6.5 Conclusion 292

References 293

Part 2: Multifunctional Hybrid Materials: Fundamentals and Frontiers

7 Discotic Liquid Crystalline Dimers: Chemistry and Applications 297
Shilpa Setia, Sandeep Kumar and Santanu Kumar Pal

7.1 Introduction 298

7.2 Structure-Property Relationship of Discotic Dimers 300

7.3 Applications 357

7.4 Conclusions and Outlook 361

8 Supramolecular Nanoassembly and Its Potential 367
Alok Pandya, Heena Goswami, Anand Lodha and Pinkesh Sutariya

8.1 Supramolecular Chemistry 368

8.2 Nanochemistry 376

8.3 Supramolecular Nanoassembly 384

8.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects 394

References 396

Suggested further reading 397

9 Carbon/-Based Hybrid Composites as Advanced Electrodes for Supercapacitors 399
S.T. Senthilkumar, K. Vijaya Sankar , J. S. Melo, A. Gedanken, and R. Kalai Selvana

9.1 Introduction 400

9.2 Principle of Supercapacitor 402

9.3 Activated Carbon and their Composites 410

9.4 Carbon Aerogels and Their Composite Materials 411

9.5 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and their Composite Materials 415

9.6 Two-Dimensional Graphene 417

9.7 Conclusion and Outlook 424

Acknowledgements 425

10 Synthesis, Characterization, and Uses of Novel-Architecture Copolymers through Gamma Radiation Technique 433
H. Ivin Melendez-Ortiz and Emilio Bucio

10.1 Introduction 434

10.2 Ionizing Radiation 435

10.3 Gamma-Ray Measurements 438

10.4 Synthesis of Graft Polymers by Gamma-Rays 441

10.5 Different Architecture of Polymers 449

10.6 Polymer Characterization 455

Acknowledgments 458

References 458

11 Advanced Composite Adsorbents: Chitosan versus Graphene 463
George Z. Kyzas

11.1 Introduction  463

11.2 Chitosan-Based Materials 465

11.3 Graphene-Based Materials 478

11.4 Graphene/Chitosan Composite Adsorbents 483

11.5 Conclusions 488

References 489

12 Antimicrobial Biopolymers 493
S. Sayed and M.A. Jardine

12.1 Introduction 493

12.2 Biopolymers 496

12.3 Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers 506

12.4 Metal Loading 514

12.5 Assessment of Antimicrobial/Antifungal Testing Methods 518

12.6 Conclusion 525

References 526

13 Organometal Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications 535
Sai Bai, Yizheng Jin, and Feng Gao

13.1 Introduction 535

13.2 Fundamentals of Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells 537

13.3 Deposition Methods and Crystal Engineering of Organometal Halide Perovskites 547

13.4 Commercialization Challenges and Possible Solutions 558

13.5 Summary and Conclusion 561

Acknowledgements 562

References 562

Index 567

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