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Administration of Criminal Justice Structure, Function, and Process

by: Champion, Dean J.

Administration of Criminal Justice Structure, Function, and Process

by: Champion, Dean J.

ISBN 13:
9780130842343
ISBN 10:
0130842346
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 05/06/2002
Publisher: Pearson

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Summary

This comprehensive and up-to-date book examines all aspects of the criminal justice system from an organizational perspective. Key theoretical approaches and concepts are explained together with key terms and organizational principle models and typologies. The book also explains organizational effectiveness and covers police, court, and corrections organizations in depth to fully illustrate the operations of these justice systems.This volume explains all aspects of organizational theories, models and typologies, organizational variables and measuring effectiveness, supervision and communication systems, motivation, satisfaction, and morale of employees, organization of criminal justice systems, law enforcement, police and sheriff's departments, court organization and administration, jail and prison organizations, community corrections organizations, and juvenile justice organizations and their administration.For criminal justice, sociology and public administration professionals interested in criminal justice systems.

Preface

About the Author

Criminal Justice Organizations and the Administration of Justice

(24)

Key Terms

(1)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(3)

The Administration of Justice

(3)

Criminal Justice Criminology, and the Administration of Justice

(2)

Diverse Agency Goals and the Means of Goal Attainment

(1)

What is a Criminal Justice Organization?

(1)

Why Should We Study Criminal Justice Organizations?

(2)

Units of Analysis

(6)

The Individual and Interpersonal Units of Analysis

(4)

Organizations and Organizational Environments

(2)

The Objectives of this Book

(1)

The Strategies Approach

(1)

Summary

(3)

Questions for Review

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

Case Studies

(4)

Organizations as Closed and Rational Systems

(28)

Key Terms

(1)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Organizational Theory

(5)

Assumptions

(1)

Positions

(2)

Some Problems with Our Definitions of Organizational Phenomena

(1)

Levels of Theory

(2)

Models of Organization And Their Classification

(2)

Some Functions of Models

(1)

Closed-System and Open-System Models

(3)

Closed-System Rational Models

(11)

The Machine Model and Bureaucracy

(8)

The Goals Model

(1)

The Decision Model

(2)

Summary

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

Case Studies

(3)

Organizations as Open and Nonrational Systems

(24)

Key Terms

(1)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(2)

Nonrational Models: Theories X, Y, and Z and Human Relations

(4)

Theory X and Theory Y

(1)

The Human Relations Model

(3)

Theory Z and Total Quality Management (TQM)

(1)

Other Organizational Models

(5)

The Professional Mode)

(1)

The Equilibrium Model

(4)

Nonrational Models: The Natural-System Model

(2)

Assumptions of the Natural-System Model

(2)

Criticisms of the Natural-System Model

(1)

Theories and Models in Retrospect

(1)

Organizational Typologies

(3)

The Compliance-Involvement Typology

(1)

The Prime Beneficiary Typology

(1)

Summary

(2)

Questions For Review

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

Case Studies

(5)

Organizational Variables and Measuring Organizational Effectiveness

(22)

Key Terms

(1)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Organizational Variables

(1)

Organizational Structure

(1)

Size

(1)

Complexity or Differentiation

(1)

Formalization

(1)

Organizational Control

(5)

Size of the Administrative Component

(1)

Bureaucratization and Debureaucratization

(3)

Centralization and Decentralization

(1)

Levels of Authority and Span of Control

(1)

Organization Change

(3)

Labor Turnover

(1)

Organizational Conflict

(1)

Organizational Flexibility

(1)

Organizational Growth

(1)

Administrative Succession

(1)

Technology

(1)

Organizational Behavior

(4)

Organizational Climate

(1)

Organizational Goals

(1)

Organizational Effectiveness

(2)

Summary

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

Case Studies

(5)

Interpersonal and Individual Variables

(16)

Key Terms

(1)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(2)

Interpersonal Variables

101

(2)

Uniformity or Similarity of Values

101

(1)

Group Cohesiveness

102

(1)

Supervisory Style

102

(1)

Individual Variables

103

(7)

Attitudes of Members: Level of Aspiration

103

(1)

Attitudes of Members: Job Satisfaction

104

(1)

Job Characteristics: Decision-Making Power

105

(1)

Job Characteristics: Job Status

105

(1)

Job Characteristics: Work Routine and Monotony

106

(1)

Definitions and Performance of Roles: Productivity

106

(1)

Definitions and Performance of Roles: Role Specificity

107

(1)

Definitions and Performance of Roles: Role Conflict

107

(3)

Summary

110

(1)

Questions For Review

111

(1)

Suggested Readings

112

(1)

Case Studies

112

(3)

Leadership in Organizations

115

(20)

Key Terms

115

(1)

Chapter Objectives

115

(1)

Introduction

116

(1)

Power In Organizations

117

(1)

Some Power Classification Schemes

118

(4)

Weber's Legitimate Authority Types

118

(1)

French's and Raven's Bases of Social Power

119

(2)

Etzioni's Compliance-Involvement Typology

121

(1)

Factors Influencing Superior-Subordinate Relations

122

(2)

Modes of Leadership Behavior In Organizations

124

(5)

The Notion of the ``Great Man''

124

(2)

The Leader in a Particular Situation

126

(1)

Leadership Behavior That Can Be Learned

127

(1)

Styles of Leadership

128

(1)

Multiple Leadership to Fulfill Several Organizational Functions

129

(1)

Leadership in Retrospect: An Organizational View

129

(1)

Summary

130

(1)

Questions For Review

131

(1)

Suggested Readings

132

(1)

Case Studies

132

(3)

Formal and informal Communication Networks in Organizations

135

(19)

Key Terms

135

(1)

Chapter Objectives

135

(1)

Introduction

135

(1)

Communication Systems and Formal Communication Networks

136

(9)

Hierarchies of Authority and Formal Communication Patterns

137

(4)

Functions of Formal Communication Networks

141

(2)

Some Dysfunctions of Formal Communication Networks

143

(2)

Communication Systems and Informal Communication Networks

145

(4)

The Origin of Informal Communication Networks

145

(1)

Functions and Dysfunctions of Informal Communication Networks

146

(3)

Formal and Informal Communication Networks: Complementarity

149

(1)

Summary

150

(1)

Questions for Review

151

(1)

Suggested Readings

151

(1)

Case Studies

151

(3)

Motivation, Satisfaction, and Morale of Employees

154

(21)

Key Terms

154

(1)

Chapter Objectives

154

(1)

Introduction

154

(1)

The Logic of Considering Personal Motivations in Organizational Research

155

(1)

Job Satisfaction and the Motivation of Employees

156

(3)

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

157

(1)

Vroom's Dual-Factor Theory of Motivation

158

(1)

Vroom's Expectancy Theory

158

(1)

Other Motivational Theories

158

(1)

Factors Related to Job Satisfaction

159

(12)

Style of Leadership or Supervision

160

(1)

The Intrinsic Interest of the Job and Job Content

160

(2)

Work Group Cohesiveness

162

(2)

Workload and Pressure: Stress and Burnout

164

(3)

The Prestige and Status of the Job

167

(2)

The Type of Reward Structure

169

(1)

Participation in Decision Making

170

(1)

Summary

171

(1)

Questions for Review

172

(1)

Suggested Readings

173

(1)

Case Studies

173

(2)

Police and Sheriffs' Departments

175

(29)

Key Terms

175

(1)

Chapter Objectives

176

(1)

Introduction

176

(1)

The History and Role of Police in Society

176

(5)

Ancient and Medieval Law Enforcement

177

(1)

Policing in the American Colonies

178

(1)

Law Enforcement from 1800 to the Present

178

(3)

Police Departments: Organizational Size and Operations

181

(5)

Goals and Functions of Police Departments

182

(2)

The Division of Labor: Line and Staff Duties and Responsibilities

184

(1)

The Recruitment and Selection Process

184

(1)

Minority Hiring Practices

185

(1)

The Administration of Police Departments

186

(1)

Sheriffs' Departments

186

(4)

Goals and Functions of Sheriffs' Departments

186

(2)

The Division of Labor

188

(1)

Recruiting Sheriffs' Deputies and Ancillary Personnel

188

(2)

Law Enforcement Issues

190

(2)

Law Enforcement Officer Training and Quality Control

190

(2)

Training and Accreditation

192

(1)

Measuring Police Performance

192

(1)

Police Professionalism

192

(1)

A Clearly Defined Body of Knowledge

192

(1)

Ongoing Education

192

(1)

A Code of Ethics

193

(1)

Uniform Standards of Excellence for Selection, Education, and Performance

193

(1)

An Unequivocal Service Orientation

193

(1)

Police-Community Relations

193

(2)

Officer Misconduct and Internal Affairs

195

(3)

Civilian Complaint Review Boards and Other Sanctions

198

(1)

Summary

199

(1)

Questions for Review

200

(1)

Suggested Readings

200

(1)

Case Studies

200

(4)

Court Organization and Administration

204

(32)

Key Terms

204

(1)

Chapter Objectives

205

(1)

Introduction

205

(1)

Court Organization

206

(7)

Federal Court Organization

206

(1)

The United States Supreme Court

207

(3)

Circuit Courts of Appeal

210

(1)

U.S. District Courts

211

(2)

Other Federal Courts

213

(1)

State Courts

213

(3)

Functions of State and Local Courts

216

(1)

Court Administrators and Officers

216

(7)

Judges

216

(4)

Prosecutors: Federal, State, and Local Government

220

(3)

Defense Counsel

223

(1)

Court Reporters

223

(1)

Court Clerks

223

(1)

Bailiffs

223

(1)

The Trial Process

223

(4)

Bench Trials

223

(1)

Jury Trials

224

(1)

Sentencing

225

(2)

The Organizational Milieu of Prosecutors and Judges

227

(1)

Selected Issues Involving the Judiciary and Prosecutors

227

(5)

Plea Bargaining

227

(1)

Prosecutorial and Judicial Misconduct

228

(1)

Court Caseloads and Delays

229

(3)

Summary

232

(1)

Questions For Review

233

(1)

Suggested Readings

234

(1)

Case Studies

234

(2)

Jail and Prison Organization and Administration

236

(29)

Key Terms

236

(1)

Chapter Objectives

236

(1)

Introduction

237

(1)

Jails and Prisons: Cataloging the Differences

237

(1)

Jails: Small and Large Jail Systems

238

(9)

Jails and Local Political Control

238

(2)

Administering Jail Systems

240

(1)

The Functions and Goals of Jails

240

(1)

Jail Personnel, Recruitment, and Selection

240

(4)

Jail Inmates and Their Characteristics

244

(1)

Selected Jail Issues

244

(3)

Prison Systems: The Division of Labor

247

(10)

Brief History of Prisons

247

(1)

Functions of Prisons

248

(1)

Administering Prison Systems

249

(4)

Prison Administrators and Their Characteristics

253

(2)

Alternative Prison Management Styles

255

(2)

Prison Administrator Selection and Training

257

(1)

Types of Prisons and Inmate Classification

257

(1)

Minimum-Security Prisons

257

(1)

Medium-Security Prisons

258

(1)

Maximum-Security Prisons and Maxi-Maxi Prisons

258

(1)

Prison Issues

258

(3)

Prison Overcrowding

258

(1)

Jailhouse Lawyers

258

(1)

Privatization of Prison Services

259

(1)

Legal Liabilities of Correctional Administrators and Officers

259

(2)

Summary

261

(1)

Questions For Review

262

(1)

Suggested Readings

262

(1)

Case Studies

262

(3)

Community Corrections Organizations

265

(23)

Key Terms

265

(1)

Chapter Objectives

265

(1)

Introduction

266

(1)

An Overview of Community Corrections

266

(3)

Community Corrections Acts

266

(1)

Functions and Goals of Community Corrections

267

(2)

Profiling Community Corrections Clients

269

(1)

Probation and Parole Services

269

(6)

Functions and Goals of Probation and Parole Services

269

(1)

Organization and Administration of Probation and Parole Departments

269

(3)

Intensive Supervision Program

272

(2)

Selection Requirements for POs

274

(1)

Characteristics of Probation and Parole Officers

274

(1)

PO Duties

275

(1)

Criticisms of Probation/Parole Programs

275

(1)

Administering Work Release, Study Release, and Furlough Programs

275

(1)

Work/Study Release

275

(1)

The Goals and Entry Requirements of Work/Study Release

276

(1)

Furloughs

276

(1)

The Goals and Functions of Furlough Programs

276

(1)

Home Confinement Programs

276

(1)

Goals and Eligibility Requirements of Home Confinement

277

(1)

Electronic Monitoring Programs

277

(1)

Halfway Houses and Other Community Services

278

(1)

Halfway Houses

278

(1)

Community Residential and Day Reporting Centers

279

(1)

Fines

279

(1)

Community Service Orders and Restitution

279

(1)

Restitution Programs for Victims

279

(1)

Selected Community Corrections Issues

279

(4)

The Rights of Clients Supervised by Community Corrections

280

(1)

Legal Liabilities of Community Corrections Agencies and Employees

280

(1)

Use of Volunteers and Paraprofessionals in Community-Based Programs

281

(1)

The Privatization of Community-Based Programs

282

(1)

Summary

283

(1)

Questions for Review

284

(1)

Suggested Readings

284

(1)

Case Studies

284

(4)

Juvenile Justice Organizations and Their Administration

288

(32)

Key Terms

288

(1)

Chapter Objectives

289

(1)

Introduction

289

(1)

A Brief History of the Juvenile Court

290

(4)

The Court Cases That Bureaucratized Juvenile Courts

293

(1)

Types of Juvenile Offenders

294

(1)

Juvenile Court Age Jurisdiction for Juveniles

294

(1)

Juvenile Delinquents

294

(1)

Status Offenders

295

(1)

Arresting and Processing Juvenile Offenders

295

(2)

Referrals and Arrests

295

(1)

Intake

295

(1)

Prosecution

296

(1)

Juvenile Courts and the Adjudicatory Process

296

(1)

Optional Dispositions for Juvenile Court Judges

297

(1)

Nonsecure and Secure Dispositions for Juvenile Offenders

297

(3)

Nonsecure Dispositions

297

(2)

Secure Dispositions

299

(1)

Interfacing Juveniles with the Criminal Justice System

300

(5)

Transfers, Waivers, or Certifications

301

(2)

Types of Waivers

303

(1)

Other Types of Waivers

303

(1)

Blended Sentencing Statutes

303

(2)

Administering Juvenile Justice Systems

305

(3)

Mission Statements

306

(1)

Juvenile Services: Organization and Staff Training

306

(2)

Issues in Juvenile Justice Administration

308

(7)

Juvenile Justice Reform and the Confidentiality of Juvenile Recordkeeping

308

(2)

Changing the Nature and Severity of Optional Sanctions Available to Juvenile Courts

310

(1)

Creating Greater Accountability Among Juvenile Court Judges

311

(1)

Revisiting Policies Relating to Both Parental and Juvenile Accountability for Criminal Actions of Youths

312

(1)

Rethinking Both Institutional and Community Correctional Programming for Juveniles

313

(1)

Establishing More Effective Community-Based Interventions Involving Collaboration with Parents and Juvenile Authorities

313

(2)

Summary

315

(1)

Questions For Review

316

(1)

Suggested Readings

316

(1)

Case Studies

317

(3)

Evaluating Organizational Effectiveness

320

(32)

Key Terms

320

(1)

Chapter Objectives

320

(1)

Introduction

320

(1)

Evaluation Research

321

(6)

Some Examples of Evaluation Research

322

(4)

Some Conclusions about Evaluation Research

326

(1)

How Do We Know Organizations are Effective?

327

(5)

Measuring the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement

332

(4)

What is Expected of Law Enforcement?

334

(1)

What Can Be Done to Improve the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Agencies?

335

(1)

Measuring the Effectiveness of Prosecutors and Courts

336

(4)

What is Expected of Prosecutors and Judges?

338

(1)

How Can We Improve the Effectiveness of Prosecutors and Judges?

339

(1)

Measuring the Effectiveness of Corrections

340

(5)

What Is Expected of Corrections?

342

(2)

How Can Corrections Effectiveness Be Improved?

344

(1)

Heightening the Accountability of Criminal Justice Actors and Agencies

345

(1)

Codes of Ethics and Standards of Professional Responsibility

346

(2)

Integrating the Community with Criminal Justice Agencies

348

(1)

Summary

348

(1)

Questions For Review

349

(1)

Suggested Readings

349

(1)

Case Studies

349

(3)

Glossary

352

(19)

References

371

(26)

Name Index

397

(10)

Subject Index

407

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Administration of Criminal Justice Structure, Function, and Process

Administration of Criminal Justice Structure, Function, and Process

9780130842343

0130842346

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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