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Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum

by: Behrens, Laurence M.; Rosen, Leonard J.

Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum

by: Behrens, Laurence M.; Rosen, Leonard J.

ISBN 13:
9780205885435
ISBN 10:
0205885438
Edition: 12th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 09/17/2012
Publisher: Longman
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Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum > ISBN13: 9780205885435

Summary

Remaining one of the best-selling interdisciplinary composition texts for over twenty-five years, Writing and Reading Across the Curriculumhelps readers learn to write effectively for college.

Preface for Instructors

A Note to the Student

PART I How to Write Summaries, Critiques, Syntheses, and Analyses

Part One: Structures

Chapter 1—Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation

What Is a Summary?

Can a Summary Be Objective?

Using the Summary

BOX: Where Do We Find Written Summaries?

The Reading Process

BOX: Critical Reading for Summary

How to Write Summaries

BOX: Guidelines for Writing Summaries

Demonstration: Summary

Will Your Job Be Exported?—Alan S. Blinder

Read, Reread, Highlight

Divide into Stages of Thought

Write a Brief Summary of Each Stage of Thought

Write a Thesis: A Brief Summary of the Entire Passage

Write the First Draft of the Summary

Summary 1: Combine Thesis Sentence with Brief Section Summaries

The Strategy of the Shorter Summary

Summary 2: Combine Thesis Sentence, Section Summaries, and Carefully Chosen Details

The Strategy of the Longer Summary

How Long Should a Summary Be?

Exercise 1.1: Individual and Collaborative Summary Practice

Summarizing Figures and Tables

Bar Graphs

Exercise 1.2: Summarizing Graphs

Pie Charts

Exercise 1.3: Summarizing Pie Charts

Line Graphs

Exercise 1.4: Summarizing Line Graphs

Tables

Exercise 1.5: Summarizing Tables

Paraphrase

BOX: How to Write Paraphrases

Exercise 1.6: Paraphrasing

Quotations

Choosing Quotations

Quoting Memorable Language

BOX: When to Quote

Quoting Clear and Concise Language

Quoting Authoritative Language

Incorporating Quotations into Your Sentences

Quoting Only the Part of a Sentence or Paragraph That You Need

Incorporating the Quotation into the Flow of Your Own Sentence

Avoiding Freestanding Quotations

Exercise 1.7: Incorporating Quotations

Using Ellipses

Using Brackets to Add or Substitute Words

BOX: When to Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote

BOX: Incorporating Quotations into Your Sentences

Exercise 1.8: Using Brackets

Avoiding Plagiarism

BOX: Rules for Avoiding Plagiarism

Chapter 2—Critical Reading and Critique

Critical Reading

Question 1: To What Extent Does the Author Succeed in His or Her Purpose?

BOX: Where Do We Find Written Critiques?

Writing to Inform

Evaluating Informative Writing

Writing to Persuade

Exercise 2.1: Informative and Persuasive Thesis Statements

Evaluating Persuasive Writing

The Moon We Left Behind—Charles Krauthammer

Exercise 2.2: Critical Reading Practice

Persuasive Strategies

Logical Argumentation: Avoiding Logical Fallacies

BOX: Tone

Exercise 2.3: Understanding Logical Fallacies

Writing to Entertain

Question 2: To What Extent Do You Agree with the Author?

Identify Points of Agreement and Disagreement

Exercise 2.4: Exploring Your Viewpoints—in Three Paragraphs

Explore the Reasons for Agreement and Disagreement: Evaluate Assumptions

Inferring and Implying Assumptions

An Example of Hidden Assumptions from the World of Finance

Critique

How to Write Critiques

BOX: Guidelines for Writing Critiques

Demonstration: Critique

To What Extent Does the Author Succeed in His or Her Purpose?

To What Extent Do You Agree with the Author? Evaluate Assumptions

Model Critique: A Critique of Charles Krauthammer’s “The Moon We Left Behind”—Andrew Harlan

Exercise 2.5: Informal Critique of the Model Critique

BOX: Critical Reading for Critique

The Strategy of the Critique

Chapter 3—Thesis, Introduction, Conclusion

Writing a Thesis

The Components of a Thesis

Making an Assertion

Starting with a Working Thesis

Using the Thesis to Plan a Structure

BOX: How Ambitious Should Your Thesis Be?

EXERCISE 3.1: Drafting Thesis Statements

Introductions

Quotation

Historical Review

Review of a Controversy

From the General to the Specific

Anecdote and Illustration: From the Specific to the General

Question

Statement of Thesis

EXERCISE 3.2: Drafting Introductions

Conclusions

Statement of the Subject’s Significance

Call for Further Research

Solution/Recommendation

Anecdote

Quotation

Question

Speculation

EXERCISE 3.3: Drafting Conclusions

Chapter 4—Explanatory Synthesis

What Is a Synthesis?

Summary and Critique as a Basis for Synthesis

Inference: Moving Beyond Summary and Critique

Purpose

Example: Same Sources, Different Uses

BOX: Where Do We Find Written Syntheses?

Using Your Sources

Types of Syntheses: Explanatory and Argument

Explanation: News Article from the New York Times

While Warning About Fat, U.S. Pushes Cheese Sales—Michael Moss

Argument: Editorial from the Boston Globe

Got Too Much Cheese?—Derrick Z. Jackson

What Are Genetically Modified (GM) Foods?

Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms—The United States Department of Energy

Why a GM Freeze?—The GM Freeze Campaign

How to Write Syntheses

BOX: Guidelines for Writing Syntheses

The Explanatory Synthesis

Demonstration: Explanatory Synthesis—Going Up? An Elevator Ride to Space

Exercise 4.1: Exploring the Topic

The History of the Space Elevator—P. K. Aravind

Applications of the Space Elevator—Bradley C. Edwards

Going Up—Brad Lemley

Why We Need a Space Elevator—Cathy Swan and Peter Swan

Consider Your Purpose

Exercise 4.2: Critical Reading for Synthesis

Formulate a Thesis

Decide How You Will Use Your Source Material

Develop an Organizational Plan

Summary Statements

Write the Topic Sentences

BOX: Organize a Synthesis by Idea, Not by Source

Write Your Synthesis

Explanatory Synthesis: First Draft

Revise Your Synthesis: Global, Local, and Surface Revisions

Revising the First Draft: Highlights

Exercise 4.3: Revising the Explanatory Synthesis

Model Explanatory Synthesis: Going Up? An Elevator Ride to Space—Sheldon Kearney

BOX: Critical Reading for Synthesis

Chapter 5—Argument Synthesis

What Is an Argument Synthesis?

The Elements of Argument: Claim, Support, and Assumption

Exercise 5.1: Practicing Claim, Support, and Assumption

The Three Appeals of Argument: Logos, Ethos, Pathos

Logos

Exercise 5.2: Using Deductive and Inductive Logic

Ethos

Exercise 5.3: Using Ethos

Pathos

Exercise 5.4: Using Pathos

The Limits of Argument

Fruitful Topics for Argument

Demonstration: Developing an Argument Synthesis—Balancing Privacy and Safety in the Wake of Virginia Tech

Mass Shootings at Virginia Tech, April 16, 2007: Report of the Review Panel

Laws Limit Schools Even After Alarms—Jeff Gammage and Stacey Burling

Perilous Privacy at Virginia Tech—Christian Science Monitor

Colleges Are Watching Troubled Students—Jeffrey McMurray

Campus Stabbing Victim Sues UC Regents—Larry Gordon

Virginia Tech Massacre Has Altered Campus Mental Health Systems—Associated Press

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

Exercise 5.5: Critical Reading for Synthesis

Consider Your Purpose

Making a Claim: Formulate a Thesis

Decide How You Will Use Your Source Material

Develop an Organizational Plan

Formulate an Argument Strategy

Draft and Revise Your Synthesis

Model Argument Synthesis: Balancing Privacy and Safety in the Wake of Virginia Tech—David Harrison

The Strategy of the Argument Synthesis

Developing and Organizing the Support for Your Arguments

Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote Supporting Evidence

Provide Various Types of Evidence and Motivational Appeals

Use Climactic Order

Use Logical or Conventional Order

Present and Respond to Counterarguments

Use Concession

BOX: Developing and Organizing Support for Your Arguments

Avoid Common Fallacies in Developing and Using Support

The Comparison-and-Contrast Synthesis

Organizing Comparison-and-Contrast Syntheses

Organizing by Source or Subject

Organizing by Criteria

Exercise 5.6: Comparing and Contrasting

A Case for Comparison-and-Contrast: World War I and World War II

Comparison-and-Contrast Organized by Criteria

Model Exam Response

The Strategy of the Exam Response

Summary of Synthesis Chapters

Chapter 6—Analysis

What Is an Analysis?

BOX: Where Do We Find Written Analyses?

How to Write Analyses

The Plug-In Drug—Marie Winn

Exercise 6.1: Reading Critically: Winn

Locate and Apply an Analytic Tool

Locate an Analytic Tool

Apply the Analytic Tool

Analysis Across the Curriculum

BOX: Guidelines for Writing Analyses

Formulate a Thesis

Develop an Organizational Plan

Turning Key Elements of a Principle or a Definition into Questions

Developing the Paragraph-by-Paragraph Logic of Your Paper

Draft and Revise Your Analysis

Write an Analysis, Not a Summary

Make Your Analysis Systematic

Answer the “So What?” Question

Attribute Sources Appropriately

BOX: Critical Reading for Analysis

When Your Perspective Guides the Analysis

Demonstration: Analysis

Model Analysis: The Case of the Missing Kidney: An Analysis of Rumor—Linda Shanker

Exercise 6.2: Informal Analysis of the Model Analysis

The Strategy of the Analysis

PART II Brief Takes

CHAPTER 7

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Toward An Intelligence Beyond Man’s—Robert Jastrow

The AI Revolution Is On—Steven Levy

2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal—Lev Grossman Computer Wins on ‘Jeopardy!’: Trivial, It’s Not—John Markoff

Watson Doesn’t Know It Won On ‘Jeopardy!’—John Searle

What Did Watson the Computer Do?—Stanley Fish

Watson is Far From Elementary—Stephan Baker

CHAPTER 8

FAIRY TALES: A CLOSER LOOK AT “CINDERELLA”

AN INTRODUCTION TO FAIRY TALES—Maria Tatar

SEVEN VARIANTS OF “CINDERELLA”

CINDERELLA—Charles Perrault

ASHPUTTLE—Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm

A CHINESE “CINDERELLA”—Tuan Ch’êng-shih

THE MAIDEN, THE FROG, AND THE CHIEF’S SON—(AN AFRICAN “CINDERELLA”)

OOCHIGEASKW—THE ROUGH-FACED GIRL—(A NATIVE AMERICAN “CINDERELLA”)

WALT DISNEY’S “CINDERELLA”—Adapted by Campbell Grant

CINDERELLA—Anne Sexton

CHAPTER 9

THE ROAR OF THE TIGER MOM

Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior—Amy Chua

Mother Inferior—Hanna Rosin

Tiger Daughter—Bill Powell

Amy Chua is a Wimp—David Brooks

In the Eye of the Tiger—Meghan Daum

Tiger Mom vs. Tiger Mailroom—Patrick Goldstein

America’s Top Parent—Elizabeth Kolbert

The Roar of the Tiger Mom—Annie Murphy Paul

In Defense of Being a Kid—James Bernard Murphy

PART III An Anthology of Readings

ECONOMICS

Chapter 10

The Changing Landscape of Work in the Twenty-first Century

PROSPECTS FOR GRADUATES

A Post-College Flow Chart of Misery and Pain—Jenna Brager

Many with New College Degree Find Job Market Humbling—Catherine Rampell

Job Outlook for College Graduates Slowly Improving—Lacey Johnson

DATA ON THE JOB MARKET

Not All College Degrees are Created Equal—Anthony P. Carnevale, Ban Cheah, and Jeff Strohl Employment Projections: 2010-2020 Summary—Bureau of Labor Statistics

WORK AND IDENTITY

No Long Term: New Work and the Corrosion of Character—Richard Sennett

An Inquiry into the Value of Work—Matthew B. Crawford

TRENDS AFFECTING WORK

Work and Workers in the 21^st Century—Richard W. Judy and Carol D’Amico

Marking it in America—Adam Davidson

The Untouchables—Thomas Friedman

Will Your Job Be Exported?—Alan S. Blinder

Is Your Job an Endangered Species?—Andy Kessler

Degrees and Dollars—Paul Krugman

Synthesis Activities

Research Activities

SOCIOLOGY

Chapter 11

Have You Heard This? The Latest on Rumor

THE GOSSIPS—Norman Rockwell

RUMOR: A BRIEF CATALOG OF REFLECTIONS AND DEFINITIONS

TASTES LIKE CHICKEN—Snopes.com

TRUTH IS IN THE EAR OF THE BEHOLDER—Gregory Rodriguez

WHAT COST CHRIS DUSSOLD HIS DREAM JOB?—Thomas Bartlett

FIGHTING THAT OLD DEVIL RUMOR—Sandra Salmans

A PSYCHOLOGY OF RUMOR—Robert H. Knapp

“PAUL IS DEAD!” (SAID FRED)—Alan Glenn

POLITICAL SMEAR RUMORS: TWO CASE STUDIES

THE ANATOMY OF A SMEAR CAMPAIGN: THE CASE OF JOHN McCAIN—Richard H. Davis

IN UNTRUTHS ABOUT OBAMA, ECHOES OF A DISTANT TIME—Samuel G. Freedman

RUMOR CASCADES AND GROUP POLARIZATION—Cass R. Sunstein

HOW RUMORS HELP US MAKE SENSE OF AN UNCERTAIN WORLD—Nicholas DiFonzo

MANAGING RUMORS—John Doorley and Helio Fred Garcia

THE RUMOR—John Updike

Synthesis Activities

Research Activities

Philosophy

Chapter 12

The Pursuit of Happiness

Pig Happiness?—Lynne McFall

In Pursuit of Happiness—Mark Kingwell

A Balanced Psychology and a Full Life—Martin E. P. Seligman

Some Dark Thoughts on Happiness—Jennifer Senior

Flow—Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

If Money doesn’t Make You Happy, Then You Probably Aren’t Spending It Right—Elizabeth W. Dunn, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Timothy D. Wilson

The Hippies Were Right All Along About Happiness—Andrew Oswald

David Cameron Aims to Make Happiness the New GDP—Allegra Stratton.

Happiness in Business? Priceless—Chip Conley

Happy Like God—Simon Critchley

A Critique of Positive Psychology—Richard Schoch

Happiness: Enough Already—Sharon Begley

Happiness—Jane Kenyon

The Good Life—Yi-Fu Tuan

From Zen and the art of Motorcycle Maintenance— Robert Pirsig

Synthesis Activities

Research Activities

ENVIRONMENT/PUBLIC POLICY

Chapter 13

Green Power

205 EASY WAYS TO SAVE THE EARTH—Thomas Friedman

NATIONAL SECURITY CONSEQUENCES OF U.S. OIL DEPENDANCE--Report of an Independent Task Force

THE DANGEROUS DELUSIONS OF ENERGY INDEPENDENCE--Robert Bryce

A DEBATE ON THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER, POST-FUKUSHIMA

THE FUTURE OF NUKES, AND OF JAPAN—Holman W. Jenkins, Jr.

NO FAIL SAFE OPTION—Eugene Robinson

WHY I STILL SUPPORT NUCLEAR POWER, EVEN AFTER FUKUSHIMA—William Tucker

IF THE JAPANESE CAN’T BUILD A SAFE REACTOR, WHO CAN?—Anne Applebaum

WHY NUCLEAR POWER IS STILL A GOOD CHOICE—Marl Lynas

SOLAR POWER

STATE SOLAR POWER PLANS ARE AS BIG AS ALL OUTDOORS—Marla Dickerson

HERE COMES THE SUN—Paul Krugman

SOLAR IS GETTING CHEAPER, BUT HOW FAR CAN IT GO?—Brad Plumer

WIND POWER

THE ISLAND IN THE WIND—Elizabeth Kolbert

WIND POWER PUFFERY—H. Sterling Burnett

ELECTRIC CARS

THE GREAT ELECTRIC CAR EXPERIMENT—Daniel Yergin

WHY THE GASOLINE ENGINE ISN’T GOING AWAY ANY TIME SOON—Joseph B. White

Synthesis Activities

Research Activities

Business

Chapter 14

New and Improved: Six Decades of Advertising

Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals—Jib Fowles

Making the Pitch in Print Advertising—Courtland Bovée, John V. Thill, George P. Dovel, Marian Burk Wood

Selling Happiness: Two Scenes from Mad Men—Matt Weiner

A Portfolio of Print Advertisements

A Portfolio of TV Commercials

Synthesis Activities

Research Activities

PSYCHOLOGY

OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY

CHAPTER 15

Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem —Erich Fromm

The Power of Situations —Lee Ross and Richard E. Nisbett

The Perils of Obedience —Stanley Milgram

Replicating Milgram: Would People Still Obey Today? —Jerry M. Burger

The Power Trip —Jonah Lehrer

Group Minds —Doris Lessing

Opinions and Social Pressure —Solomon E. Asch

The Stanford Prison Experiment —Philip G. Zimbardo

From Atonement (a novel) —Ian McEwan

Synthesis Activities

Research Activities

Credits

Index

Quick Indexes

Supplemental Materials

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