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Writing for Psychology

by: Mitchell, Mark L.; Jolley, Janina M.; O’Shea, Robert P.

Writing for Psychology

by: Mitchell, Mark L.; Jolley, Janina M.; O’Shea, Robert P.

ISBN 13:
9780495092063
ISBN 10:
0495092061
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 07/18/2006
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Write a great psychology paper in APA style with WRITING FOR PSYCHOLOGY with InfoTrac® College Edition! This user friendly guide shows you what to do and what to avoid by providing concrete examples of common errors. WRITING FOR PSYCHOLOGY will help you adhere to the basics of APA style, refine library search skills, avoid plagiarism, and improve your revising, editing, and proofing skills. Checklists precede the summary at the end of every chapter, giving you the chance to make sure you have been thorough in your reports. Your purchase includes access to InfoTrac College Edition, an online university library of full length articles from thousands of journals, newspapers, and magazines.

To the Student

To the Professor

xiii

Acknowledgments

xiii

CHAPTER 1 What Every Student Should Know About Writing Psychology Papers

(24)

1.1 Understanding Your Assignment

(2)

1.2 Understanding Academic Values

(4)

1.2.1 Be Informed

(1)

1.2.2 Make a Claim

(1)

1.2.3 Defend Your Claim

(1)

1.2.4 Be Honest

(2)

1.2.5 Use Your Own Words

(1)

1.3 Understanding APA Style

(4)

1.3.1 Ideals

(1)

1.3.2 Appropriately Personal Prose

(1)

1.3.3 Simple Language

(1)

1.3.4 Respectful Language

(1)

1.4 Writing and Revising

(10)

1.4.1 Plan to Finish Early

(2)

1.4.2 Think, Search, Read, and Get Organized

(1)

1.4.3 Write Your First Draft

(1)

1.4.4 Revise Your First Draft: Reorganize, Rethink, Reread, and Rewrite

(2)

1.4.5 Help the Reader Navigate Through Your Paper

(1)

1.4.6 Address Readers' Objections

(1)

1.4.7 Polish Your Writing

(1)

1.4.8 Check Language, Grammar, Spelling, Usage, and Punctuation

(2)

1.4.9 Final Formatting

(1)

1.4.10 Five Final Checks

(1)

1.5 Submitting the Finished Product

(1)

1.6 Avoiding Common Problems: A Checklist

(2)

1.7 Summary

(2)

CHAPTER 2 Writing Term Papers

(28)

2.1 Thesis Statement

(1)

2.2 Basic Sections, Headings

(1)

2.3 Title Page

(1)

2.4 Abstract

(1)

2.5 Introduction

(2)

2.5.1 Introduce Generally and Gently

(1)

2.5.2 Introduce Key Issues

(1)

2.5.3 Introduce Key Definitions

(1)

2.5.4 Introduce and Present Your Thesis Statement

(1)

2.5.5 Invite Inquiry

(1)

2.6 Body

(1)

2.6.1 Integrate Material

(1)

2.6.2 Be Both Concise and Precise

(1)

2.7 Conclusion

(1)

2.7.1 Conclude

(1)

2.7.2 Follow the Body's Logic to Your Conclusion

(1)

2.8 References

(1)

2.9 Author Note

(1)

2.10 Tense

(1)

2.11 Sample Term Paper

(16)

2.12 Checklist for Evaluating Your Term Paper

(1)

2.13 Summary

(2)

CHAPTER 3 Writing Research Reports and Proposals

(48)

3.1 Basic Sections, Headings

(4)

3.2 Title Page

(1)

3.3 Abstract

(1)

3.4 Introduction

(3)

3.4.1 Introduce the Broader Issue

(1)

3.4.2 Introduce the Hypothesis

(1)

3.5 Method

(3)

3.5.1 Participants or Subjects

(2)

3.5.2 Apparatus

(1)

3.5.3 Materials

(1)

3.5.4 Design and Other Optional Subsections

(1)

3.5.5 Procedure

(1)

3.6 Results

(12)

3.6.1 Statistical Significance

(1)

3.6.2 Formatting Statistical Information

(1)

3.6.3 Deciding Whether You Need Either a Figure or a Table

(1)

3.6.4 When to Use Tables

(1)

3.6.5 Creating Tables

(2)

3.6.6 When to Use Figures

(1)

3.6.7 Creating Figures

(6)

3.6.8 Units

(1)

3.7 Discussion

(4)

3.7.1 Briefly Restate the Results

(1)

3.7.2 State Qualifications and Reservations

(1)

3.7.3 State the Theoretical Importance

(1)

3.7.4 Conclude

(1)

3.8 References

(1)

3.9 Appendixes

(1)

3.10 Author Note

(1)

3.11 Tense

(1)

3.12 Sample Research Report

(13)

3.13 Report and Proposal Content Checklist

(3)

3.14 Summary

(2)

CHAPTER 4 Finding, Reading, Citing, and Referencing Sources

101

(44)

4.1 Finding Information

102

(7)

4.1.1 Starting Your Search

102

(2)

4.1.2 Using One Reference to Find More References

104

(1)

4.1.3 Reading the Right Stuff

105

(4)

4.2 Reading

109

(3)

4.2.1 Read Purposefully

109

(1)

4.2.2 Take Notes

109

(1)

4.2.3 Reread

110

(2)

4.2.4 Revise Your Notes

112

(1)

4.3 Citing

112

(5)

4.3.1 Choosing a Citation Type

113

(3)

4.3.2 Citing From Secondary Sources

116

(1)

4.3.3 Citing Personal Communications

117

(1)

4.3.4 Citing Information Obtained From the Internet

117

(1)

4.4 Formatting Individual Citations

117

(3)

4.4.1 Work by One Author

118

(1)

4.4.2 Work by Two Authors

119

(1)

4.4.3 Work by Three, Four, or Five Authors

119

(1)

4.4.4 Work by Six or More Authors

120

(1)

4.4.5 Work by Author Sharing Same Last Name as Another Cited Author

120

(1)

4.4.6 Work With No Author

120

(1)

4.5 Formatting Multiple Citations

120

(1)

4.5.1 More Than Two Works by Different Authors

120

(1)

4.5.2 More Than Two Works by the Same Author

121

(1)

4.6 Paraphrasing

121

(1)

4.7 Quoting

122

(2)

4.7.1 Embedded Quotations

122

(2)

4.7.2 Block Quotations

124

(1)

4.8 Deciding What to Reference

124

(1)

4.8.1 Referencing Nonstandard Sources

124

(1)

4.8.2 Referencing Secondary Sources

125

(1)

4.9 Formatting References

125

(13)

4.9.1 Starting the Reference Page

125

(1)

4.9.2 Form of Each Reference

126

(1)

4.9.3 Order

127

(1)

4.9.4 Author Names

128

(1)

4.9.5 Date of Publication

129

(1)

4.9.6 Title

129

(1)

4.9.7 Abbreviations

130

(1)

4.9.8 Book Reference

130

(2)

4.9.9 Book-Chapter Reference

132

(1)

4.9.10 Journal-Article Reference

132

(2)

4.9.11 Journal-Article-Abstract Reference

134

(1)

4.9.12 Referencing Internet Sources

135

(3)

4.10 Checklists

138

(3)

4.10.1 Academic Honesty Checklist

138

(1)

4.10.2 Formatting Citations Checklist

139

(1)

4.10.3 Finding and Using Sources Checklist

140

(1)

4.10.4 Reference Page Checklist

140

(1)

4.11 Summary

141

(4)

CHAPTER 5 Making Your Case: A Guide to Skeptical Reading and Logical Writing

145

(18)

5.1 Theses

146

(1)

5.2 Deductive Arguments

147

(3)

5.3 Inductive Arguments

150

(1)

5.4 Hypotheses

151

(1)

5.5 Problems in Making Arguments

152

(1)

5.6 Stating an Unarguable Thesis

152

(1)

5.7 Substituting Appeals for Reasoning: Nonobjective Thinking

153

(1)

5.7.1 Appeal to Emotion

153

(1)

5.7.2 Appeal to Faith

153

(1)

5.7.3 Appeal to Authority

154

(1)

5.8 Unfair Arguments

154

(1)

5.8.1 Ad Hominem Arguments

154

(1)

5.8.2 Ignoring Contradictory Evidence

154

(1)

5.8.3 Straw Man Arguments

155

(1)

5.9 General Errors in Reasoning From Evidence

155

(6)

5.9.1 Inferring Causation From Correlation

156

(2)

5.9.2 Making Something Out of Nothing: Misinterpreting Null Results

158

(1)

5.9.3 Adding Meaning to Significance: Misinterpreting Significant Results

158

(1)

5.9.4 Trusting Labels Too Much: Not Questioning Construct Validity

159

(1)

5.9.5 Not Questioning Generalizations

160

(1)

5.10 Critical Thinking Checklist

161

(1)

5.11 Summary

162

(1)

CHAPTER 6 Writing the Wrongs: How to Avoid Gruesome Grammar, Putrid Punctuation, and Saggy Style

163

(32)

6.1 Elements of Grammar

164

(11)

6.1.1 Nouns

164

(1)

6.1.2 Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

165

(3)

6.1.3 Verbs

168

(1)

6.1.4 Articles

169

(1)

6.1.5 Adjectives

169

(1)

6.1.6 Adverbs

170

(1)

6.1.7 Prepositions

171

(1)

6.1.8 Conjunctions

171

(1)

6.1.9 Relative Pronouns

172

(1)

6.1.10 Phrases

173

(1)

6.1.11 Clauses

173

(1)

6.1.12 Sentences

174

(1)

6.1.13 Paragraphs

175

(1)

6.2 Punctuation

175

(4)

6.2.1 End Marks (Periods, Question Marks, Exclamation Points)

175

(1)

6.2.2 Commas

175

(1)

6.2.3 Semicolons

176

(1)

6.2.4 Colons

176

(1)

6.2.5 Apostrophes

177

(1)

6.2.6 Parentheses

177

(1)

6.2.7 Dashes

177

(1)

6.2.8 Hyphens

178

(1)

6.2.9 Quotation Marks

178

(1)

6.3 Usage

179

(6)

6.3.1 Know What You Mean

179

(4)

6.3.2 Complete Comparisons

183

(1)

6.3.3 Distinguish Comparatives From Superlatives

183

(1)

6.3.4 Divide Run-On Sentences

183

(1)

6.3.5 Specify Nonspecific Referents

184

(1)

6.3.6 Attribute Humanity Only to Humans

184

(1)

6.4 Writing With Style

185

(5)

6.4.1 Accentuate the Positive

185

(1)

6.4.2 Point the Way Within and Between Paragraphs

185

(1)

6.4.3 Use Parallel Construction

186

(1)

6.4.4 Use a Consistent, Formal Tone

187

(1)

6.4.5 Use Small Words and Short Sentences

187

(1)

6.4.6 Be Precise

188

(1)

6.4.7 Be Concise

188

(2)

6.4.8 Be Cautious

190

(1)

6.5 Your Own Style

190

(1)

6.6 Checklists

190

(3)

6.6.1 Parts of Speech

190

(1)

6.6.2 Punctuation

191

(1)

6.6.3 Style

192

(1)

6.7 Summary

193

(2)

CHAPTER 7 Preparing the Final Draft

195

(12)

7.1 Presentation

195

(1)

7.1.1 Paper, Margins, Spacing

195

(1)

7.1.2 Word Processing Versus Typing

195

(1)

7.2 APA Formats

196

(7)

7.2.1 Running Head Versus Short Title

196

(1)

7.2.2 Paragraphs

197

(1)

7.2.3 Headings

197

(2)

7.2.4 Italics or Underlining

199

(1)

7.2.5 Abbreviations

200

(2)

7.2.6 Numbers

202

(1)

7.2.7 Tables and Figures

203

(1)

7.3 Conclusions

203

(1)

7.4 Format Checklists

203

(2)

7.4.1 General Appearance Checklist

203

(1)

7.4.2 Headings and Headers Checklist

204

(1)

7.4.3 Numbers, Tables, and Figures Checklist

204

(1)

7.4.4 Citations and References Checklist

204

(1)

7.4.5 Abbreviations Checklist

204

(1)

7.4.6 Title Page Checklist

205

(1)

7.5 Summary

205

(2)

References

207

(2)

Appendix A APA Copy Style Versus APA Final-Form Style

209

(2)

Appendix B Problem Plurals

211

(2)

Index

213

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Writing for Psychology

Writing for Psychology

9780495092063

0495092061

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Writing for Psychology

Writing for Psychology

9780495092063

0495092061

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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