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Western Heritage, The: Since 1300

ISBN: 9780131733480 | 0131733486
Edition: 9th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: PEARSON
Pub. Date: 1/1/2007

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SummaryTable of Contents
"A core text for introductory-level survey courses in Western Civilization and European History and Civilization." Written by leading scholars in the field, this authoritative text presents an engaging and balanced narrative of the central developments in Western history. Seamlessly integrating coverage of social, cultural and political history, this text is presented in a flexible chronological organization. The new Ninth Edition provides updated scholarship, expanded coverage of cultural history, the ancient Near East, late antiquity, imperia... MORE
Prefacexxvi
PART 1 THE FOUNDATIONS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION IN THE ANCIENT WORLD 1,000,000 B.C.E.--400 C.E.
xxxii
The Birth of Civilization
4(34... MORE
Early Humans and Their Culture
6(3)
The Paleolithic Age
6(1)
The Neolithic Age
7(1)
The Bronze Age and the Birth of Civilization
8(1)
Early Civilizations to about 1000 B.C.E.
9(3)
Mesopotamian Civilization
9(3)
A Closer Look The Royal Standard of Ur
12(4)
Encountering the Past Divination in Ancient Mesopotamia
16(2)
Egyptian Civilization
18(8)
Ancient Near Eastern Empires
24(1)
The Hittites
24(1)
The Assyrians
25(1)
The Second Assyrian Empire
25(1)
The Neo-Babylonians
26(4)
The Persian Empire
26(1)
Cyrus the Great
26(1)
Darius the Great
27(1)
Government and Administration
28(1)
Religion
28(1)
Art and Culture
29(1)
Palestine
30(2)
The Canaanites and the Phoenicians
30(1)
The Israelites
31(1)
The Jewish Religion
32(1)
General Outlook of Mideastern Cultures
32(3)
Humans and Nature
32(1)
Humans and the Gods, Law, and Justice
33(2)
Toward the Greeks and Western Thought
35(1)
In Perspective
36(1)
Review Questions
36(1)
Suggested Readings
37(1)
Documents CD-ROM
37(1)
The Rise of Greek Civilization
38(30)
The Bronze Age on Crete and on the Mainland to about 1150 B.C.E.
40(4)
The Minoans
40(1)
The Mycenaeans
41(3)
The Greek ``Middle Ages'' to about 750 B.C.E.
44(3)
Greek Migrations
44(1)
The Age of Homer
44(3)
The Polis
47(2)
Development of the Polis
47(1)
The Hoplite Phalanx
47(2)
The Importance of the Polis
49(1)
Expansion of the Greek World
49(3)
Magna Graecia
49(1)
The Greek Colony
50(1)
The Tyrants (about 700--500 B.C.E.)
51(1)
The Major States
52(5)
Sparta
52(2)
Athens
54(3)
Life in Archaic Greece
57(3)
Society
57(2)
Religion
59(1)
Encountering the Past Greek Atheletics
60(1)
A Closer Look The Trireme
61(2)
Poetry
62(1)
The Persian Wars
63(3)
The Ionian Rebellion
63(1)
The War in Greece
63(3)
In Perspective
66(1)
Review Questions
66(1)
Suggested Readings
67(1)
Documents CD-ROM
67(1)
Classical and Hellenistic Greece
68(40)
Aftermath of Victory
70(1)
The Delian League
70(1)
The Rise of Cimon
71(1)
The First Peloponnesian War: Athens against Sparta
71(1)
The Breach with Sparta
71(1)
The Division of Greece
71(1)
Classical Greece
72(2)
The Athenian Empire
72(1)
Athenian Democracy
73(1)
Encountering the Past Going to Court in Athens
74(6)
The Women of Athens: Legal Status and Everyday Life
75(4)
Slavery
79(1)
Religion in Public Life
80(1)
The Great Peloponnesian War
80(3)
Causes
81(1)
Strategic Stalemate
82(1)
The Fall of Athens
82(1)
Competition for Leadership in the Fourth Century B.C.E.
83(1)
The Hegemony of Sparta
83(1)
The Hegemony of Thebes: The Second Athenian Empire
84(1)
The Culture of Classical Greece
84(6)
The Fifth Century B.C.E.
84(5)
The Fourth Century B.C.E.
89(1)
Philosophy and the Crisis of the Polis
90(1)
A Closer Look The Erechtheum: Porch of the Maidens
90(6)
The Hellenistic World
96(5)
The Macedonian Conquest
96(2)
Alexander the Great
98(2)
The Successors
100(1)
Hellenistic Culture
101(4)
Philosophy
101(2)
Literature
103(1)
Architecture and Sculpture
103(1)
Mathematics and Science
104(1)
In Perspective
105(1)
Review Questions
106(1)
Suggested Readings
106(1)
Documents CD-ROM
107(1)
Rome: From Republic to Empire
108(36)
Prehistoric Italy
110(1)
The Etruscans
110(1)
Government
110(1)
Religion
110(1)
Women
111(1)
Dominion
111(1)
Royal Rome
111(2)
Government
111(1)
The Family
112(1)
Women in Early Rome
112(1)
Clientage
113(1)
Patricians and Plebeians
113(1)
The Republic
113(2)
Constitution
113(2)
A Closer Look Lictors
115(7)
The Conquest of Italy
116(2)
Rome and Carthage
118(3)
The Republic's Conquest of the Hellenistic World
121(1)
Civilization in the Early Roman Republic
122(2)
Religion
122(2)
Encountering the Past Two Roman Festivals: The Saturnalia and Lupercalia
124(4)
Education
125(3)
Slavery
128(1)
Roman Imperialism: The Late Republic
128(7)
The Aftermath of Conquest
128(1)
The Gracchi
129(5)
Marius and Sulla
134(1)
The Fall of the Republic
135(6)
Pompey, Crassus, Caesar, and Cicero
135(1)
The First Triumvirate
136(1)
Julius Caesar and his Government of Rome
137(3)
The Second Triumvirate and the Triumph of Octavian
140(1)
In Perspective
141(1)
Review Questions
142(1)
Suggested Readings
143(1)
Documents CD-ROM
143(1)
The Roman Empire
144(44)
The Augustan Principate
146(3)
Administration
146(1)
The Army and Defense
147(1)
Religion and Morality
148(1)
Civilization of the Ciceronian and Augustan Ages
149(2)
The Late Republic
149(1)
The Age of Augustus
150(1)
Imperial Rome, 14 to 180 C.E.
151(2)
The Emperors
151(2)
A Closer Look Spoils from Jerusalem on the Arch of Titus in Rome
153(8)
The Administration of the Empire
154(2)
Women of the Upper Classes
156(2)
Life in Imperial Rome: The Apartment House
158(1)
The Culture of the Early Empire
159(2)
The Rise of Christianity
161(1)
Jesus of Nazareth
161(1)
Encountering the Past Chariot Racing
162(5)
Paul of Tarsus
163(2)
Organization
165(1)
The Persecution of Christians
165(2)
The Emergence of Catholicism
167(1)
Rome as a Center of the Early Church
167(1)
The Crisis of the Third Century
167(2)
Barbarian Invasions
168(1)
Economic Difficulties
168(1)
The Social Order
169(1)
Civil Disorder
169(1)
The Late Empire
169(8)
The Fourth Century and Imperial Reorganization
169(4)
The Triumph of Christianity
173(4)
Arts and Letters in the Late Empire
177(2)
The Preservation of Classical Culture
178(1)
Christian Writers
178(1)
The Problem of the Decline and Fall of the Empire in the West
179(1)
In Perspective
180(1)
Review Questions
180(1)
Suggested Readings
180(1)
Documents CD-ROM
181(1)
The West & The World Ancient Warfare
182(6)
PART 2 THE MIDDLE AGES 476 C.E.--1300 C.E.
188(100)
Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a New European Society and Culture (476--1000)
190(36)
On the Eve of the Frankish Ascendancy
192(2)
Germanic Migrations
192(1)
New Western Masters
193(1)
The Byzantine Empire
194(6)
The Reign of Justinian
195(4)
The Spread of Byzantine Christianity
199(1)
Persians and Muslims
199(1)
Islam and the Islamic World
200(4)
Muhammad's Religion
200(2)
Islamic Diversity
202(1)
Islamic Empires
202(1)
The Western Debt to Islam
203(1)
Western Society and the Developing Christian Church
204(5)
Monastic Culture
204(2)
The Doctrine of Papal Primacy
206(1)
The Religious Division of Christendom
207(2)
The Kingdom of the Franks From Clovis to Charlemagne
209(6)
Governing the Franks
209(2)
The Reign of Charlemagne (768--814)
211(3)
Breakup of the Carolingiari Kingdom
214(1)
A Closer Look A Multicultural Book Cover
215(4)
Feudal Society
219(1)
Origins
219(1)
Encountering the Past Medieval Cooking
220(4)
Vassalage and the Fief
221(1)
Daily Life and Religion
222(2)
Fragmentation and Divided Loyalty
224(1)
In Perspective
224(1)
Review Questions
225(1)
Suggested Readings
225(1)
Documents CD-ROM
225(1)
The High Middle Ages: The Rise of European Empires and States (1000--1300)
226(30)
Otto I and the Revival of the Empire
228(1)
Unifying Germany
228(1)
Embracing the Church
228(1)
The Reviving Catholic Church
229(7)
The Cluny Reform Movement
229(2)
The Investiture Struggle: Gregory VII and Henry IV
231(2)
The Crusades
233(3)
A Closer Look European Embrace of a Black Saint
236(6)
The Pontificate of Innocent III (r. 1198--1216)
237(5)
England and France: Hastings (1066) to Bouvines (1214)
242(4)
William the Conqueror
242(1)
Henry II
243(1)
Eleanor of Aquitaine and Court Culture
243(2)
Popular Rebellion and Magna Carta
245(1)
Philip II Augustus
245(1)
Encountering the Past Pilgrimages
246(1)
France in the Thirteenth Century: The Reign of Louis IX
247(1)
Generosity Abroad
247(1)
Order and Excellence at Home
247(1)
The Hohenstaufen Empire (1152--1272)
248(6)
Frederick I Barbarossa
248(2)
Henry VI and the Sicilian Connection
250(1)
Otto IV and the Welf Interregnum
250(1)
Frederick II
251(2)
Romanesque and Gothic Architecture
253(1)
In Perspective
254(1)
Review Questions
254(1)
Suggested Readings
254(1)
Documents CD-ROM
255(1)
Medieval Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000--1300)
256(32)
The Traditional Order of Life
258(1)
Nobles
258(1)
A Closer Look The Joys and Pains of the Medieval Joust
259(2)
Encountering the Past Warrior Games
261(6)
Clergy
262(2)
Peasants
264(3)
Towns and Townspeople
267(5)
The Chartering of Towns
268(1)
The Rise of Merchants
268(1)
Challenging the Old Lords
268(1)
New Models of Government
269(2)
Towns and Kings
271(1)
Jews in Christian Society
271(1)
Schools and Universities
272(7)
University of Bologna
273(1)
Cathedral Schools
274(1)
University of Paris
274(2)
The Curriculum
276(1)
Philosophy and Theology
276(3)
Women in Medieval Society
279(1)
Image and Status
280(1)
Life Choices
280(1)
Working Women
280(1)
The Lives of Children
280(2)
Children as ``Little Adults''
281(1)
Childhood as a Special Stage
282(1)
In Perspective
282(1)
Review Questions
283(1)
Suggested Readings
283(1)
Documents CD-ROM
283(1)
The West & The World The Invention of Printing in China and Europe
284(4)
PART 3 EUROPE IN TRANSITION 1300--1750
288(260)
The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300--1453)
290(26)
The Black Death
292(4)
Preconditions and Causes of the Plague
292(1)
Popular Remedies
292(2)
Social and Economic Consequences
294(2)
Encountering the Past Dealing with Death
296(2)
New Conflicts and Opportunities
297(1)
The Hundred Years' War and the Rise of National Sentiment
298(4)
The Causes of the War
298(1)
Progress of the War
299(3)
Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival: The Late Medieval Church
302(10)
The Thirteenth-Century Papacy
302(2)
Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair
304(2)
The Avignon Papacy (1309--1377)
306(1)
John Wycliffe and John Huss
307(2)
The Great Schism (1378--1417) and the Conciliar Movement to 1449
309(3)
Medieval Russia
312(1)
Politics and Society
312(1)
Mongol Rule (1243--1480)
312(1)
A Closer Look The Delights and Dangers of the Medieval Bath
313(1)
In Perspective
314(1)
Review Questions
314(1)
Suggested Readings
314(1)
Documents CD-ROM
315(1)
Renaissance and Discovery
316(36)
The Renaissance in Italy (1375--1527)
318(4)
The Italian City-State
319(2)
Humanism
321(1)
Encountering the Past The Renaissance Garden
322(6)
Renaissance Art
327(1)
A Closer Look Leonardo Plots the Perfect Man
328(3)
Slavery in the Renaissance
330(1)
Italy's Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494--1527)
331(4)
Charles VIII's March Through Italy
332(1)
Pope Alexander VI and the Borgia Family
332(1)
Pope Julius II
332(1)
Niccolo Machiavelli
333(2)
Revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe
335(3)
France
336(1)
Spain
336(1)
England
337(1)
The Holy Roman Empire
337(1)
The Northern Renaissance
338(4)
The Printing Press
339(1)
Erasmus
340(1)
Humanism and Reform
341(1)
Voyages of Discovery and the New Empires in the West and East
342(8)
The Portuguese Chart the Course
342(1)
The Spanish Voyages of Columbus
342(3)
The Spanish Empire in the New World
345(2)
The Church in Spanish America
347(1)
The Economy of Exploitation
347(2)
The Impact on Europe
349(1)
In Perspective
350(1)
Review Questions
350(1)
Suggested Readings
351(1)
Documents CD-ROM
351(1)
The Age of Reformation
352(36)
Society and Religion
354(2)
Social and Political Conflict
354(1)
Popular Religious Movements and Criticism of the Church
354(2)
Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525
356(1)
Justification by Faith Alone
356(1)
A Closer Look A Saint at Peace in the Grasp of Temptation
357(7)
The Attack on Indulgences
358(2)
Election of Charles V
360(1)
Luther's Excommunication and the Diet of Worms
360(2)
Imperial Distractions: War with France and the Turks
362(1)
How the Reformation Spread
362(1)
The Peasants' Revolt
362(2)
The Reformation Elsewhere
364(6)
Zwingli and the Swiss Reformation
364(3)
Anabaptists and Radical Protestants
367(1)
John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation
368(2)
Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation
370(1)
The Diet of Augsburg
370(1)
The Expansion of the Reformation
370(1)
Reaction Against Protestants
371(1)
The Peace of Augsburg
371(1)
The English Reformation to 1553
371(3)
The Preconditions of Reform
371(1)
The King's Affair
372(1)
The ``Reformation Parliament''
372(1)
Wives of Henry VIII
373(1)
The King's Religious Conservatism
373(1)
The Protestant Reformation under Edward VI
374(1)
Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation
374(3)
Sources of Catholic Reform
374(1)
Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits
375(1)
The Council of Trent (1545--1563)
375(2)
The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe
377(4)
The Revolution in Religious Practices and Institutions
377(2)
The Reformation and Education
379(2)
The Reformation and the Changing Role of Women
381(1)
Family Life in Early Modern Europe
381(1)
Encountering the Past A Child Is Born: Welcoming the Newborn in Late Medieval Europe
382(2)
Later Marriages
383(1)
Arranged Marriages
383(1)
Family Size
383(1)
Birth Control
383(1)
Wet Nursing
383(1)
Loving Families?
384(1)
Literary Imagination in Transition
384(2)
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra: Rejection of Idealism
384(1)
William Shakespeare: Dramatist of the Age
385(1)
In Perspective
386(1)
Review Questions
386(1)
Suggested Readings
386(1)
Documents CD-ROM
387(1)
The Age of Religious Wars
388(28)
Renewed Religious Struggle
390(1)
A Closer Look Baroque and Plain Church: Architectural Reflections of Belief
390(2)
The French Wars of Religion (1562--1598)
392(5)
Appeal of Calvinism
392(1)
Catherine de Medicis and the Guises
393(1)
The Rise to Power of Henry of Navarre
394(2)
The Edict of Nantes
396(1)
Imperial Spain and Philip II (R. 1556--1598)
397(5)
Pillars of Spanish Power
397(2)
The Revolt in the Netherlands
399(3)
England and Spain (1553--1603)
402(2)
Mary I (r. 1553--1558)
402(1)
Elizabeth I (r. 1558--1603)
403(1)
Encountering the Past Going to the Theater
404(3)
The Thirty Years' War (1618--1648)
407(8)
Preconditions for War
408(2)
Four Periods of War
410(3)
The Treaty of Westphalia
413(2)
In Perspective
415(1)
Review Questions
415(1)
Suggested Readings
415(1)
Documents CD-ROM
415(1)
European State Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
416(36)
The Netherlands: Golden Age to Decline
418(1)
Urban Prosperity
418(1)
Economic Decline
419(1)
Two Models of European Political Development
419(1)
Constitutional Crisis and Settlement in Stuart England
420(2)
James I
420(2)
Encountering the Past Early Controversy Over Tobacco and Smoking
422(6)
Charles I
423(1)
The Long Parliament and Civil War
423(1)
Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic
424(1)
Charles II and the Restoration of the Monarchy
425(1)
The ``Glorious Revolution''
426(1)
The Age of Walpole
427(1)
Rise of Absolute Monarchy in France: The World of Louis XIV
428(2)
Years of Personal Rule
428(1)
Versailles
429(1)
King by Divine Right
429(1)
Louis's Early Wars
429(1)
A Closer Look Versailles
430(8)
Louis's Repressive Religious Policies
432(1)
Louis's Later Wars
433(4)
France After Louis XIV
437(1)
Central and Eastern Europe
438(5)
Poland: Absence of Strong Central Authority
438(1)
The Habsburg Empire and the Pragmatic Sanction
439(1)
Prussia and the Hohenzollerns
440(3)
Russia Enters the European Political Arena
443(4)
The Romanov Dynasty
443(1)
Peter the Great
443(4)
The Ottoman Empire
447(3)
Religious Toleration and Ottoman Government
447(2)
The End of Ottoman Expansion
449(1)
In Perspective
450(1)
Review Questions
450(1)
Suggested Readings
451(1)
Documents CD-ROM
451(1)
New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
452(28)
The Scientific Revolution
454(5)
Nicolaus Copernicus Rejects an Earth-Centered Universe
454(3)
Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler Make New Scientific Observations
457(1)
Galileo Galilei Argues for a Universe of Mathematical Laws
457(1)
Isaac Newton Discovers the Laws of Gravitation
458(1)
Philosophy Responds to Changing Science
459(7)
Nature as Mechanism
459(1)
Francis Bacon: The Empirical Method
459(2)
Rene Descartes: The Method of Rational Deduction
461(1)
Thomas Hobbes: Apologist for Absolute Government
462(2)
John Locke: Defender of Moderate Liberty and Toleration
464(2)
The New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge
466(2)
Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution
468(2)
The New Science and Religious Faith
470(2)
The Case of Galileo
470(2)
A Closer Look The Sciences and the Arts
472(1)
Blaise Pascal: Reason and Faith
472(1)
The English Approach to Science and Religion
473(1)
Continuing Superstition
473(2)
Witch-Hunts and Panic
474(1)
Village Origins
474(1)
Influence of the Clergy
474(1)
Who Were the Witches?
474(1)
End of the Witch-Hunts
475(1)
Baroque Art
475(2)
Encountering the Past Midwives
477(1)
In Perspective
478(1)
Review Questions
478(1)
Suggested Readings
478(1)
Documents CD-ROM
478(2)
Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century
480(34)
Major Features of Life in the Old Regime
482(1)
Maintenance of Tradition
482(1)
Hierarchy and Privilege
482(1)
The Aristocracy
482(1)
A Closer Look An Aristocratic Couple
483(2)
Varieties of Aristocratic Privilege
484(1)
Aristocratic Resurgence
485(1)
The Land and Its Tillers
485(3)
Peasants and Serfs
485(2)
Aristocratic Domination of the Countryside: The English Game Laws
487(1)
Family Structures and the Family Economy
488(5)
Households
489(1)
The Family Economy
490(1)
Women and the Family Economy
490(2)
Children and the World of the Family Economy
492(1)
The Revolution in Agriculture
493(4)
New Crops and New Methods
494(3)
Expansion of the Population
497(1)
The Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century
497(7)
A Revolution in Consumption
498(1)
Industrial Leadership of Great Britain
499(1)
New Methods of Textile Production
499(2)
The Steam Engine
501(1)
Iron Production
501(1)
The Impact of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions on Working Women
502(2)
The Growth of Cities
504(2)
Patterns of Preindustrial Urbanization
504(1)
Urban Classes
505(1)
Encountering the Past Water, Washing, and Bathing
506(4)
The Urban Riot
508(2)
The Jewish Population: The Age of the Ghetto
510(1)
In Perspective
510(2)
Review Questions
512(1)
Suggested Readings
512(1)
Documents CD-ROM
513(1)
The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion
514(34)
Periods of European Overseas Empires
516(1)
Mercantile Empires
517(2)
Mercantilist Goals
517(1)
French--British Rivalry
518(1)
The Spanish Colonial System
519(4)
Colonial Government
519(1)
Trade Regulation
519(1)
Colonial Reform Under the Spanish Bourbon Monarchs
519(4)
Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy
523(3)
The African Presence in the Americas
524(2)
Encountering the Past Sugar Enters the Western Diet
526(5)
Slavery and the Transatlantic Economy
527(1)
The Experience of Slavery
528(3)
A Closer Look The Slave Ship Brookes
531(1)
Mid-Eighteenth-Century Wars
532(3)
The War of Jenkins's Ear
532(1)
The War of the Austrian Succession (1740--1748)
532(1)
The ``Diplomatic Revolution'' of 1756
533(1)
The Seven Years' War (1756--1763)
534(1)
The American Revolution and Europe
535(6)
Resistance to the Imperial Search for Revenue
536(1)
The Crisis and Independence
537(1)
American Political Ideas
537(1)
Events in Great Britain
538(3)
Broader Impact of the American Revolution
541(1)
In Perspective
541(1)
Review Questions
542(1)
Suggested Readings
542(1)
Documents CD-ROM
543(1)
The West & The World The Columbian Exchange: Disease, Animals, and Agriculture
544(4)
PART 4 ENLIGHTENMENT AND REVOLUTION 1700--1850
548(180)
The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought
550(42)
Formative Influences on the Enlightenment
552(2)
Ideas of Newton and Locke
552(1)
The Example of British Toleration and Political Stability
552(1)
The Emergence of a Print Culture
553(1)
The Philosophes
554(1)
Encountering the Past Coffeehouses and Enlightenment
555(3)
Voltaire---First Among the Philosophes
557(1)
The Enlightenment and Religion
558(6)
Deism
559(1)
Toleration
559(1)
Radical Enlightenment Criticism of Christianity
560(1)
Jewish Thinkers in the Age of Enlightenment
560(2)
Islam in Enlightenment Thought
562(2)
The Enlightenment and Society
564(3)
The Encyclopedia: Freedom and Economic Improvement
564(1)
Beccaria and Reform of Criminal Law
564(1)
The Physiocrats and Economic Freedom
565(1)
Adam Smith on Economic Growth and Social Progress
566(1)
Political Thought of the Philosophes
567(4)
Montesquieu and Spirit of the Laws
567(1)
Rousseau: A Radical Critique of Modern Society
567(2)
Enlightened Critics of European Empires
569(2)
Women in the Thought and Practice of the Enlightenment
571(4)
Rococo and Neoclassical Styles in Eighteenth-Century Art
575(3)
A Closer Look An Eighteenth-Century Artist Appeals to the Ancient World
578(2)
Enlightened Absolutism
580(9)
Frederick the Great of Prussia
580(4)
Joseph II of Austria
584(2)
Catherine the Great of Russia
586(2)
The Partition of Poland
588(1)
The End of the Eighteenth Century in Central and Eastern Europe
588(1)
In Perspective
589(1)
Review Questions
590(1)
Suggested Readings
590(1)
Documents CD-ROM
591(1)
The French Revolution
592(34)
The Crisis of the French Monarchy
594(2)
The Monarchy Seeks New Taxes
594(1)
Necker's Report
595(1)
Calonne's Reform Plan and the Assembly of Notables
595(1)
Deadlock and the Calling of the Estates General
596(1)
The Revolution of 1789
596(2)
The Estates General Becomes the National Assembly
596(2)
A Closer Look Challenging the French Political Order
598(5)
Fall of the Bastille
599(2)
The ``Great Fear'' and the Night of August 4
601(1)
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
601(2)
The Parisian Women's March on Versailles
603(1)
The Reconstruction of France
603(2)
Political Reorganization
603(1)
Economic Policy
604(1)
Encountering the Past The Metric System
605(4)
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
607(1)
Counterrevolutionary Activity
608(1)
The End of the Monarchy: A Second Revolution
609(3)
Emergence of the Jacobins
609(1)
The Convention and the Role of the Sans-culottes
610(2)
Europe at War with the Revolution
612(3)
Edmund Burke Attacks the Revolution
613(1)
Suppression of Reform in Britain
613(1)
The Second and Third Partitions of Poland, 1793, 1795
613(2)
The Reign of Terror
615(5)
War with Europe
615(1)
The Republic Defended
615(1)
The ``Republic of Virtue'' and Robespierre's Justification of Terror
616(2)
Repression of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women
618(1)
De-Christianization
618(1)
Revolutionary Tribunals
619(1)
The End of the Terror
619(1)
The Thermidorian Reaction
620(4)
Establishment of the Directory
622(1)
Removal of the Sans-culottes from Political Life
622(2)
In Perspective
624(1)
Review Questions
625(1)
Suggested Readings
625(1)
Documents CD-ROM
625(1)
The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism
626(30)
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
628(1)
Early Military Victories
628(1)
The Constitution of the Year VIII
628(1)
The Consulate in France (1799--1804)
629(1)
Suppressing Foreign Enemies and Domestic Opposition
629(1)
Concordat with the Roman Catholic Church
629(1)
The Napoleonic Code
630(1)
Establishing a Dynasty
630(1)
Napoleon's Empire (1804--1814)
630(2)
Conquering an Empire
630(2)
A Closer Look The Coronation of Napoleon
632(1)
The Continental System
633(1)
European Response to the Empire
633(1)
Encountering the Past Sailors and Canned Food
634(6)
German Nationalism and Prussian Reform
635(2)
The Wars of Liberation
637(1)
The Invasion of Russia
638(1)
European Coalition
639(1)
The Congress of Vienna and the European Settlement
640(3)
Territorial Adjustments
640(1)
The Hundred Days and the Quadruple Alliance
641(2)
The Romantic Movement
643(1)
Romantic Questioning of the Supremacy of Reason
643(2)
Rousseau and Education
643(1)
Kant and Reason
644(1)
Romantic Literature
645(3)
The English Romantic Writers
645(2)
The German Romantic Writers
647(1)
Romantic Art
648(1)
The Cult of the Middle Ages and Neo-Gothicism
648(1)
Nature and the Sublime
649(1)
Religion in the Romantic Period
649(2)
Methodism
650(1)
New Directions in Continental Religion
651(1)
Romantic Views of Nationalism and History
651(3)
Herder and Culture
652(1)
Hegel and History
652(1)
Islam, the Middle East, and Romanticism
652(2)
In Perspective
654(1)
Review Questions
655(1)
Suggested Readings
655(1)
Documents CD-ROM
655(1)
The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform (1815--1832)
656(32)
The Challenges of Nationalism and Liberalism
658(4)
The Emergence of Nationalism
658(1)
Early-Nineteenth-Century Political Liberalism
659(3)
Conservative Governments: The Domestic Political Order
662(5)
Conservative Outlooks
662(2)
Liberalism and Nationalism Resisted in Austria and the Germanies
664(3)
Encountering the Past Gymnastics and German Nationalism
667(3)
Postwar Repression in Great Britain
668(1)
Bourbon Restoration in France
668(2)
The Conservative International Order
670(2)
The Congress System
670(1)
The Spanish Revolution of 1820
670(1)
Revolt Against Ottoman Rule in the Balkans
671(1)
A Closer Look An English Poet Appears as an Albanian
672(1)
The Wars of Independence in Latin America
673(5)
Revolution in Haiti
673(2)
Wars of Independence on the South American Continent
675(2)
Independence in New Spain
677(1)
Brazilian Independence
678(1)
The Conservative Order Shaken in Europe
678(7)
Russia: The Decembrist Revolt of 1825
678(2)
Revolution in France (1830)
680(2)
Belgium Becomes Independent (1830)
682(1)
The Great Reform Bill in Britain (1832)
683(2)
In Perspective
685(1)
Review Questions
686(1)
Suggested Readings
686(1)
Documents CD-ROM
687(1)
Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830--1850)
688(40)
Toward an Industrial Society
690(2)
Population and Migration
690(1)
Railways
691(1)
The Labor Force
692(1)
The Emergence of a Wage-Labor Force
692(1)
Encountering the Past The Potato and the Great Hunger in Ireland
693(2)
Working-Class Political Action: The Example of British Chartism
694(1)
Family Structures and the Industrial Revolution
695(1)
The Family in the Early Factory System
695(1)
A Closer Look The Great Exhibition in London
696(1)
Women in the Early Industrial Revolution
697(5)
Opportunities and Exploitation in Employment
699(1)
Changing Expectations in the Working-Class Marriage
700(2)
Problems of Crime and Order
702(2)
New Police Forces
702(1)
Prison Reform
703(1)
Classical Economics
704(1)
Malthus on Population
704(1)
Ricardo on Wages
704(1)
Government Policies Based on Classical Economics
704(1)
Early Socialism
705(5)
Utopian Socialism
706(1)
Anarchism
707(1)
Marxism
708(2)
1848: Year of Revolutions
710(10)
France: The Second Republic and Louis Napoleon
712(3)
The Habsburg Empire: Nationalism Resisted
715(2)
Italy: Republicanism Defeated
717(2)
Germany: Liberalism Frustrated
719(1)
In Perspective
720(1)
Review Questions
720(1)
Suggested Readings
720(1)
Documents CD-ROM
721(1)
The West & The World The Abolition of Slavery in the Transatlantic Economy
722(6)
PART 5 TOWARD THE MODERN WORLD 1850--1939
728(208)
The Age of Nation--States
730(30)
The Crimean War (1853--1856)
732(1)
Peace Settlement and Long-Term Results
732(1)
Reforms in the Ottoman Empire
732(1)
A Closer Look The Crimean War Recalled
733(1)
Italian Unification
734(4)
Romantic Republicans
734(1)
Cavour's Policy
735(3)
The New Italian State
738(1)
German Unification
738(5)
Bismarck
739(2)
The Franco-Prussian War and the German Empire (1870--1871)
741(2)
France: From Liberal Empire to the Third Republic
743(3)
The Paris Commune
744(1)
The Third Republic
744(1)
The Dreyfus Affair
745(1)
The Habsburg Empire
746(4)
Formation of the Dual Monarchy
746(1)
Unrest of Nationalities
747(3)
Russia: Emancipation and Revolutionary Stirrings
750(2)
Reforms of Alexander II
750(1)
Revolutionaries
751(1)
Great Britain: Toward Democracy
752(2)
The Second Reform Act (1867)
753(1)
Encountering the Past The Arrival of Penny Postage
754(4)
Gladstone's Great Ministry (1868--1874)
755(1)
Disraeli in Office (1874--1880)
755(1)
The Irish Question
756(2)
In Perspective
758(1)
Review Questions
758(1)
Suggested Readings
759(1)
Documents CD-ROM
759(1)
The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I
760(34)
Population Trends and Migration
762(1)
The Second Industrial Revolution
762(3)
New Industries
763(2)
Economic Difficulties
765(1)
The Middle Classes in Ascendancy
765(2)
Social Distinctions Within the Middle Classes
765(2)
Encountering the Past Bicycles: Transportation, Freedom, and Sport
767(1)
Late-Nineteenth-Century Urban Life
768(4)
The Redesign of Cities
768(1)
Urban Sanitation
769(1)
Housing Reform and Middle-Class Values
770(2)
Varieties of Late-Nineteenth-Century Women's Experiences
772(8)
Women's Social Disabilities
772(1)
New Employment Patterns for Women
773(2)
Working-Class Women
775(1)
Poverty and Prostitution
775(1)
Women of the Middle Class
775(2)
The Rise of Political Feminism
777(3)
Jewish Emancipation
780(1)
Differing Degrees of Citizenship
780(1)
Broadened Opportunities
780(1)
Labor, Socialism, and Politics to World War I
781(9)
Trade Unionism
781(1)
Democracy and Political Parties
782(1)
Karl Marx and the First International
782(1)
Great Britain: Fabianism and Early Welfare Programs
783(1)
France: ``Opportunism'' Rejected
784(1)
Germany: Social Democrats and Revisionism
784(1)
Russia: Industrial Development and the Birth of Bolshevism
785(5)
A Closer Look Bloody Sunday, St. Petersburg 1905
790(2)
In Perspective
792(1)
Review Questions
792(1)
Suggested Readings
793(1)
Documents CD-ROM
793(1)
The Birth of Modern European Thought
794(32)
The New Reading Public
796(1)
Advances in Primary Education
796(1)
Reading Material for the Mass Audience
796(1)
Science at Midcentury
797(1)
Comte, Positivism, and the Prestige of Science
797(1)
Encountering the Past The Birth of Science Fiction
798(2)
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
799(1)
Science and Ethics
799(1)
Christianity and the Church under Siege
800(3)
Intellectual Skepticism
800(1)
Conflict Between Church and State
801(1)
Areas of Religious Revival
802(1)
The Roman Catholic Church and the Modern World
802(1)
A Closer Look Conflict Between Church and State in Germany
803(2)
Islam and Late-Nineteenth-Century European Thought
804(1)
Toward a Twentieth-Century Frame of Mind
805(15)
Science: The Revolution in Physics
805(1)
Literature: Realism and Naturalism
806(2)
Modernism in Literature
808(1)
The Coming of Modern Art
809(3)
Friedrich Nietzsche and the Revolt Against Reason
812(1)
The Birth of Psychoanalysis
813(2)
Retreat from Rationalism in Politics
815(1)
Racism
815(3)
Anti-Semitism and the Birth of Zionism
818(2)
Women and Modern Thought
820(4)
Antifeminism in Late-Century Thought
820(1)
New Directions in Feminism
821(3)
In Perspective
824(1)
Review Questions
824(1)
Suggested Readings
824(1)
Documents CD-ROM
825(1)
Imperialism, Alliances, and War
826(50)
Expansion of European Power and the New Imperialism
828(2)
The New Imperialism
828(1)
Motives for the New Imperialism
829(1)
The ``Scramble for Africa''
830(1)
A Closer Look The French in Morocco
830(8)
Asia
836(2)
Emergence of the German Empire and the Alliance Systems (1873--1890)
838(5)
Bismarck's Leadership
838(3)
Forging the Triple Entente (1890--1907)
841(2)
World War I
843(11)
The Road to War (1908--1914)
843(2)
Sarajevo and the Outbreak of War (June-August 1914)
845(3)
Strategies and Stalemate: 1914--1917
848(6)
The Russian Revolution
854(4)
The Provisional Government
854(1)
Lenin and the Bolsheviks
855(1)
The Communist Dictatorship
856(2)
The End of World War I
858(4)
Germany's Last Offensive
859(1)
The Armistice
860(1)
The End of the Ottoman Empire
861(1)
The Settlement at Paris
862(1)
Obstacles the Peacemakers Faced
862(1)
Encountering the Past War Propaganda and the Movies: Charlie Chaplin
863(5)
The Peace
864(3)
Evaluating the Peace
867(1)
In Perspective
868(1)
Review Questions
868(1)
Suggested Readings
869(1)
Documents CD-ROM
869(1)
The West & the World Imperialism: Ancient and Modern
870(6)
Political Experiments of the 1920s
876(30)
Political and Economic Factors after the Paris Settlement
878(2)
Demands for Revision of the Paris Settlement
878(1)
Postwar Economic Problems
878(1)
New Roles for Government and Labor
879(1)
The Soviet Experiment Begins
880(3)
War Communism
880(1)
The New Economic Policy
880(2)
Stalin Versus Trotsky
882(1)
The Third International
883(1)
A Closer Look Bolshevik Visions of World Revolution
883(3)
Women and the Family in the Early Soviet Union
885(1)
The Fascist Experiment in Italy
886(5)
The Rise of Mussolini
887(2)
The Fascists in Power
889(1)
Motherhood for the Nation in Fascist Italy
890(1)
Joyless Victors
891(3)
France: The Search for Security
891(1)
Great Britain: Economic Confusion
892(2)
Encountering the Past The Coming of Radio: The BBC
894(1)
Trials of the Successor States in Eastern Europe
895(3)
Economic and Ethnic Pressures
895(1)
Poland: Democracy to Military Rule
896(1)
Czechoslovakia: A Viable Democratic Experiment
896(1)
Hungary: Turn to Authoritarianism
897(1)
Austria: Political Turmoil and Nazi Occupation
897(1)
Southeastern Europe: Royal Dictatorships
897(1)
The Weimar Republic in Germany
898(6)
Constitutional Flaws
898(1)
Lack of Broad Popular Support
898(1)
Invasion of the Ruhr and Inflation
899(1)
Hitler's Early Career
899(3)
The Stresemann Years
902(1)
Locarno
903(1)
In Perspective
904(1)
Review Questions
904(1)
Suggested Readings
905(1)
Documents CD-ROM
905(1)
Europe and the Great Depression of the 1930s
906(30)
Toward the Great Depression
908(3)
The Financial Tailspin
908(1)
Problems in Agricultural Commodities
909(1)
Depression and Government Policy
910(1)
Confronting the Great Depression in the Democracies
911(4)
Great Britain: The National Government
912(1)
France: the Popular Front
913(2)
Germany: the Nazi Seizure of Power
915(2)
Depression and Political Deadlock
915(1)
Hitler Comes to Power
915(1)
Hitler's Consolidation of Power
916(1)
Encountering the Past Cinema of the Political Left and Right
917(7)
The Police State and Anti-Semitism
919(2)
Racial Ideology and the Lives of Women
921(2)
Nazi Economic Policy
923(1)
A Closer Look The Nazi Party Rally
924(1)
Italy: Fascist Economics
925(1)
Syndicates
925(1)
Corporations
925(1)
Stalin's Soviet Union: Central Economic Planning, Collectivization, and Party Purges
926(7)
The Decision for Rapid Industrialization
926(1)
The Collectivization of Agriculture
927(3)
Flight to the Soviet Cities
930(1)
Urban Consumer Shortages
930(1)
Foreign Reactions and Repercussions
931(1)
The Purges
932(1)
In Perspective
933(1)
Review Questions
934(1)
Suggested Readings
934(1)
Documents CD-ROM
935(1)
PART 6 GLOBAL CONFLICT, COLD WAR, AND NEW DIRECTIONS 1939--2005
936
World War II
938(40)
Again the Road to War (1933--1939)
940(8)
Hitler's Goals
940(1)
Italy Attacks Ethiopia
941(1)
Remilitarization of the Rhineland
942(1)
The Spanish Civil War
943(1)
Austria and Czechoslovakia
944(1)
Munich
945(3)
The Nazi-Soviet Pact
948(1)
World War II (1939--1945)
948(7)
The German Conquest of Europe
948(1)
The Battle of Britain
949(1)
The German Attack on Russia
950(2)
Hitler's Plans for Europe
952(1)
Japan and the United States Enter the War
952(1)
The Tide Turns
953(2)
Encountering the Past Rosie the Riveter and American Women in the War Effort
955(5)
The Defeat of Nazi Germany
956(2)
Fall of the Japanese Empire
958(2)
The Cost of War
960(1)
Racism and the Holocaust
960(6)
The Destruction of the Polish Jewish Community
960(1)
Polish Anti-Semitism Between the Wars
961(2)
The Nazi Assault on the Jews of Poland
963(1)
Explanations of the Holocaust
964(2)
The Domestic Fronts
966(2)
Germany: From Apparent Victory to Defeat
966(1)
France: Defeat, Collaboration, and Resistance
967(1)
A Closer Look The Vichy Regime in France
968(4)
Great Britain: Organization for Victory
969(2)
The Soviet Union: ``The Great Patriotic War''
971(1)
Preparations for Peace
972(2)
The Atlantic Charter
972(1)
Tehran: Agreement on a Second Front
972(1)
Yalta
973(1)
Potsdam
974(1)
In Perspective
974(2)
Review Questions
976(1)
Suggested Readings
976(1)
Documents CD-ROM
977(1)
The Cold War Era and the Emergence of a New Europe
978(46)
The Emergence of the Cold War
980(9)
Containment in American Foreign Policy
981(2)
Soviet Domination of Eastern Europe
983(1)
The Postwar Division of Germany
984(2)
NATO and the Warsaw Pact
986(1)
The Creation of the State of Israel
987(1)
The Korean War
988(1)
The Khrushchev Era in the Soviet Union
989(3)
Khrushchev's Domestic Policies
990(1)
The Three Crises of 1956
990(2)
Later Cold War Confrontations
992(1)
The Berlin Wall
992(1)
The Cuban Missile Crisis
992(1)
The Brezhenev Era
993(3)
1968. The Invasion of Czechoslovakia
993(1)
The United States and Detente
993(1)
The Invasion of Afghanistan
994(1)
Communism and Solidarity in Poland
995(1)
Relations with the Reagan Administration
995(1)
Decolonization: The European Retreat from Empire
996(2)
Major Areas of Colonial Withdrawal
996(1)
India
996(2)
Further British Retreat from Empire
998(4)
The Turmoil of French Decolonization
1000(1)
France and Algeria
1000(1)
France and Vietnam
1001(1)
Vietnam Drawn into the Cold War
1001(1)
Direct United States Involvement
1002(1)
The Collapse of European Communism
1003(2)
Gorbachev Attempts to Reform the Soviet Union
1004(1)
Encountering the Past Rock Music and Political Protest
1005(3)
1989: Revolution in Eastern Europe
1006(2)
A Closer Look Collapse of the Berlin Wall
1008(6)
The Collapse of the Soviet Union
1009(3)
The Yeltsin Decade and Putin
1012(2)
The Collapse of Yugoslavia and Civil War
1014(1)
The Rise of Radical Political Islamism
1015(3)
Arab Nationalism
1015(1)
The Iranian Revolution
1016(1)
Afghanistan and Radical Islamism
1016(2)
A Transformed West
1018(3)
In Perspective
1021(1)
Review Questions
1021(1)
Suggested Readings
1022(1)
Documents CD-ROM
1023(1)
The West at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century
1024
The Twentieth-Century Movement of People
1026(2)
Displacement Through War
1026(1)
External and Internal Migration
1026(1)
The New Muslim Population
1027(1)
European Population Trends
1028(1)
Toward a Welfare State Society
1028(3)
Christian Democratic Parties
1029(1)
The Creation of Welfare States
1029(1)
Resistance to the Expansion of the Welfare State
1030(1)
New Patterns in Work and Expectations of Women
1031(3)
Feminism
1031(1)
More Married Women in the Work Force
1032(1)
New Work Patterns
1032(2)
Women in the New Eastern Europe
1034(1)
Transformations in Knowledge and Culture
1034(5)
Communism and Western Europe
1034(1)
Existentialism
1035(1)
Expansion of the University Population and Student Rebellion
1036(2)
The Americanization of Europe
1038(1)
A Consumer Society
1038(1)
Encountering the Past Toys from Europe Conquer the United States
1039(1)
Environmentalism
1040(1)
Art since World War II
1040(2)
Cultural Divisions and the Cold War
1040(1)
Memory of the Holocaust
1041(1)
The Christian Heritage
1042(2)
Neo-Orthodoxy
1042(1)
Liberal Theology
1043(1)
Roman Catholic Reform
1043(1)
A Closer Look The Copenhagen Opera House
1044(1)
Late-Twentieth-Century Technology: The Arrival of the Computer
1045(3)
The Demand for Calculating Machines
1045(1)
Early Computer Technology
1046(1)
The Development of Desktop Computers
1047(1)
The Challenges of European Unification
1048(2)
Postwar Cooperation
1048(1)
The European Economic Community
1048(1)
The European Union
1048(1)
Discord Over the Union
1049(1)
In Perspective
1050(1)
Review Questions
1051(1)
Suggested Readings
1051(1)
Documents CD-ROM
1051(1)
The West & The World Energy and the Modern World
1052
Glossary1(1)
Index1

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