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Western Civilization Volume II: Since 1500

ISBN: 9780534646042 | 0534646042
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Pub. Date: 1/10/2005

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SummaryTable of Contents
Best-selling text, WESTERN CIVILIZATION has helped over one million students learn about the present by exploring the past. Jack Spielvogel's engaging, chronological narrative weaves the political, economic, social, religious, intellectual, cultural, and military aspects of history into a gripping story that is as memorable as it is instructive. Each chapter offers a substantial introduction and conclusion, providing students a context for these disparate themes. The clear narrative of a single gifted author makes it easy for students to follow... MORE
Maps
xv
Chronologiesxvii
Documentsxix
Photo Creditsxxv
Prefacexxix
Introduction... MORExxxv
Western Civilization to 1500xxxvii
Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century
346(33)
Prelude to Reformation
347(3)
Christian or Northern Renaissance Humanism
347(1)
Church and Religion on the Eve of the Reformation
348(2)
Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany
350(7)
The Early Luther
350(2)
The Rise of Lutheranism
352(1)
Church and State
353(1)
Germany and the Reformation: Religion and Politics
354(3)
The Spread of the Protestant Reformation
357(6)
Lutheranism in Scandinavia
357(1)
The Zwinglian Reformation
357(1)
The Radical Reformation: The Anabaptists
358(2)
The Reformation in England
360(2)
John Calvin and Calvinism
362(1)
The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation
363(3)
The Family
364(1)
Education in the Reformation
365(1)
Religious Practices and Popular Culture
365(1)
The Catholic Reformation
366(3)
Revival of the Old
366(1)
The Society of Jesus
367(1)
A Revived Papacy
368(1)
The Council of Trent
369(1)
Politics and the Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth Century
369(10)
The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598)
369(2)
Philip II and Militant Catholicism
371(1)
Revolt of the Netherlands
372(1)
The England of Elizabeth
373(3)
Conclusion
376(1)
Notes
377(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
377(2)
Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500--1800
379(31)
On the Brink of a New World
380(2)
The Motives
380(1)
The Means
381(1)
New Horizons: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires
382(8)
The Development of a Portuguese Maritime Empire
382(2)
Voyages to the New World
384(2)
The Spanish Empire in the New World
386(4)
New Rivals on the World Stage
390(11)
Africa: The Slave Trade
391(3)
The West in Southeast Asia
394(1)
The French and British in India
395(2)
China
397(1)
Japan
398(1)
The Americas
398(3)
Toward a World Economy
401(2)
Economic Conditions in the Sixteenth Century
401(1)
The Growth of Commercial Capitalism
401(1)
Mercantilism
402(1)
Overseas Trade and Colonies: Movement Toward Globalization?
402(1)
The Impact of European Expansion
403(7)
The Conquered
403(2)
The Conquerors
405(2)
Conclusion
407(1)
Notes
408(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
408(2)
State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century
410(38)
Social Crises, War, and Rebellions
411(6)
The Witchcraft Craze
411(2)
The Thirty Years' War
413(3)
A Military Revolution?
416(1)
Rebellions
417(1)
The Practice of Absolutism: Western Europe
417(8)
Absolute Monarchy in France
417(1)
The Reign of Louis XIV (1643--1715)
418(6)
The Decline of Spain
424(1)
Absolutism in Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe
425(7)
The German States
425(2)
Italy: From Spanish to Austrian Rule
427(1)
Russia: From Fledgling Principality to Major Power
427(3)
The Great Northern States
430(1)
The Ottoman Empire
431(1)
The Limits of Absolutism
432(1)
Limited Monarchy and Republics
432(8)
The Weakness of the Polish Monarchy
433(1)
The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic
433(1)
England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy
434(6)
The Flourishing of European Culture
440(8)
The Changing Faces of Art
440(3)
A Wondrous Age of Theater
443(2)
Conclusion
445(1)
Notes
446(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
446(2)
Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science
448(25)
Background to the Scientific Revolution
449(2)
Ancient Authors and Renaissance Artists
449(1)
Technological Innovations and Mathematics
449(1)
Renaissance Magic
450(1)
Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy
451(8)
Copernicus
451(2)
Brahe
453(1)
Kepler
453(1)
Galileo
454(3)
Newton
457(2)
Advances in Medicine and Chemistry
459(2)
Paracelsus
459(1)
Vesalius
460(1)
William Harvey
460(1)
Chemistry
460(1)
Women in the Origins of Modern Science
461(2)
Margaret Cavendish
461(1)
Maria Merian
461(1)
Maria Winkelmann
461(1)
Debates on the Nature of Women
462(1)
Toward a New Earth: Descartes, Rationalism, and a New View of Humankind
463(2)
The Scientific Method and the Spread of Scientific Knowledge
465(8)
The Scientific Method
465(1)
The Spread of Scientific Knowledge
465(2)
Science and Religion
467(3)
Conclusion
470(1)
Notes
471(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
471(2)
The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment
473(29)
The Enlightenment
474(11)
The Paths to Enlightenment
474(2)
The Philosophes and Their Ideas
476(8)
The Social Environment of the Philosophes
484(1)
Culture and Society in the Enlightenment
485(9)
Innovations in Art, Music, and Literature
485(4)
The High Culture of the Eighteenth Century
489(2)
Crime and Punishment
491(1)
The World of Medicine
492(1)
Popular Culture
493(1)
Religion and the Churches
494(8)
The Institutional Church
495(2)
Popular Religion in the Eighteenth Century
497(2)
Conclusion
499(1)
Notes
500(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
500(2)
The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
502(30)
The European States
503(11)
Enlightened Absolutism?
503(1)
The Atlantic Seaboard States
503(3)
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
506(7)
The Mediterranean World
513(1)
The Scandinavian States
513(1)
Enlightened Absolutism Revisited
513(1)
Wars and Diplomacy
514(3)
The War of the Austrian Succession (1740--1748)
514(1)
The Seven Years' War (1756--1763)
514(3)
European Armies and Warfare
517(1)
Economic Expansion and Social Change
517(7)
Growth of the European Population
517(1)
Family, Marriage, and Birthrate Patterns
518(3)
An Agricultural Revolution?
521(1)
New Methods of Finance
521(1)
European Industry
522(2)
The Social Order of the Eighteenth Century
524(8)
The Peasants
524(1)
The Nobility
525(2)
The Inhabitants of Towns and Cities
527(2)
Conclusion
529(2)
Notes
531(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
531(1)
A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon
532(30)
The Beginning of the Revolutionary Era: The American Revolution
533(3)
The War for Independence
533(1)
Forming a New Nation
534(1)
Impact of the American Revolution on Europe
534(2)
Background to the French Revolution
536(2)
Social Structure of the Old Regime
536(1)
Other Problems Facing the French Monarchy
537(1)
The French Revolution
538(14)
From Estates-General to a National Assembly
538(2)
Destruction of the Old Regime
540(4)
The Radical Revolution
544(7)
Reaction and the Directory
551(1)
The Age of Napoleon
552(10)
The Rise of Napoleon
552(2)
The Domestic Policies of Emperor Napoleon
554(2)
Napoleon's Empire and the European Response
556(3)
Conclusion
559(1)
Notes
560(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
561(1)
The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
562(27)
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
563(7)
Origins
563(2)
Technological Changes and New Forms of Industrial Organization
565(4)
Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851
569(1)
The Spread of Industrialization
570(6)
Limitations to Industrialization
570(3)
Centers of Continental Industrialization
573(1)
The Industrial Revolution in the United States
573(2)
Limiting the Spread of Industrialization in the Nonindustrialized World
575(1)
The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
576(13)
Population Growth
576(1)
The Growth of Cities
576(3)
New Social Classes: The Industrial Middle Class
579(1)
New Social Classes: Workers in the Industrial Age
580(3)
Standards of Living
583(1)
Efforts at Change: The Workers
584(1)
Efforts at Change: Reformers and Government
585(2)
Conclusion
587(1)
Notes
587(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
588(1)
Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850
589(31)
The Conservative Order (1815--1830)
590(8)
The Peace Settlement
590(2)
The Ideology of Conservatism
592(1)
Conservative Domination: The Concert of Europe
593(1)
Conservative Domination: The European States
594(4)
The Ideologies of Change
598(5)
Liberalism
598(1)
Nationalism
599(2)
Early Socialism
601(2)
Revolution and Reform (1830--1850)
603(7)
Another French Revolution
603(1)
Revolutionary Outbursts in Belgium, Poland, and Italy
603(1)
Reform in Great Britain
604(1)
The Revolutions of 1848
605(4)
The Maturing of the United States
609(1)
The Emergence of an Ordered Society
610(3)
New Police Forces
610(2)
Prison Reform
612(1)
Culture in an Age of Reaction and Revolution: The Mood of Romanticism
613(7)
The Characteristics of Romanticism
613(1)
Romantic Poets
613(2)
Romanticism in Art
615(1)
Romanticism in Music
616(1)
The Revival of Religion in the Age of Romanticism
617(1)
Conclusion
617(1)
Notes
618(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
618(2)
An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
620(31)
The France of Napoleon III
621(4)
Louis Napoleon: Toward the Second Empire
621(1)
The Second Napoleonic Empire
621(2)
Foreign Policy: The Mexican Adventure
623(1)
Foreign Policy: The Crimean War
623(2)
National Unification: Italy and Germany
625(6)
The Unification of Italy
625(2)
The Unification of Germany
627(4)
Nation Building and Reform: The National State in Mid-Century
631(7)
The Austrian Empire: Toward a Dual Monarchy
631(2)
Imperial Russia
633(2)
Great Britain: The Victorian Age
635(1)
The United States: Slavery and War
636(1)
The Emergence of a Canadian Nation
637(1)
Industrialization and the Marxist Response
638(3)
Industrialization on the Continent
638(1)
Marx and Marxism
639(2)
Science and Culture in an Age of Realism
641(10)
A New Age of Science
641(1)
Charles Darwin and the Theory of Organic Evolution
642(1)
A Revolution in Health Care
642(3)
Science and the Study of Society
645(1)
Realism in Literature
646(1)
Realism in Art
646(1)
Music: The Twilight of Romanticism
647(1)
Conclusion
648(1)
Notes
649(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
650(1)
The Mass Society in an ``Age of Progress,'' 1871--1894
651(30)
The Growth of Industrial Prosperity
652(8)
New Products
652(1)
New Markets
653(1)
New Patterns in an Industrial Economy
654(3)
Women and Work: New Job Opportunities
657(1)
Organizing the Working Classes
658(2)
The Emergence of a Mass Society
660(13)
Population Growth
661(1)
Emigration
661(1)
Transformation of the Urban Environment
661(4)
Social Structure of the Mass Society
665(1)
``The Woman Question'': The Role of Women
666(3)
Education in the Mass Society
669(2)
Mass Leisure
671(2)
The National State
673(8)
Western Europe: The Growth of Political Democracy
673(2)
Central and Eastern Europe: Persistence of the Old Order
675(3)
Conclusion
678(1)
Notes
679(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
679(2)
An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894--1914
681(36)
Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual and Cultural Developments
682(10)
Developments in the Sciences: The Emergence of a New Physics
682(1)
Toward a New Understanding of the Irrational
683(1)
Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis
684(1)
The Impact of Darwin
685(1)
The Attack on Christianity
686(1)
The Culture of Modernity: Literature
687(1)
Modernism in the Arts
687(4)
Modernism in Music
691(1)
Politics: New Directions and New Uncertainties
692(9)
The Movement for Women's Rights
692(3)
Jews in the European Nation-State
695(2)
The Transformation of Liberalism: Great Britain and Italy
697(1)
France: Travails of the Third Republic
697(1)
Growing Tensions in Germany
698(1)
Austria-Hungary: The Problem of the Nationalities
698(1)
Industrialization and Revolution in Imperial Russia
699(1)
The Rise of the United States
700(1)
The Growth of Canada
701(1)
The New Imperialism
701(9)
Causes of the New Imperialism
701(1)
The Scramble for Africa
702(3)
Imperialism in Asia
705(3)
Responses to Imperialism
708(2)
Results of the New Imperialism
710(1)
International Rivalry and the Coming of War
710(7)
The Bismarckian System
710(1)
New Directions and New Crises
711(3)
Conclusion
714(1)
Notes
715(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
715(2)
The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution
717(33)
The Road to World War I
718(4)
Nationalism
718(1)
Internal Dissent
718(1)
Militarism
719(1)
The Outbreak of War: The Summer of 1914
719(3)
The War
722(14)
1914--1915: Illusions and Stalemate
722(1)
1916--1917: The Great Slaughter
723(2)
The Widening of the War
725(4)
A New Kind of Warfare
729(1)
The Home Front: The Impact of Total War
730(6)
War and Revolution
736(8)
The Russian Revolution
736(6)
The Last Year of the War
742(1)
Revolutionary Upheavals in Germany and Austria-Hungary
743(1)
The Peace Settlement
744(6)
Peace Aims
744(1)
The Treaty of Versailles
745(1)
The Other Peace Treaties
746(1)
Conclusion
747(1)
Notes
748(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
748(2)
The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919--1939
750(32)
An Uncertain Peace: The Search for Security
751(3)
The French Policy of Coercion (1919--1924)
751(1)
The Hopeful Years (1924--1929)
752(1)
The Great Depression
752(2)
The Democratic States
754(4)
Great Britain
755(1)
France
756(1)
The Scandinavian States
756(1)
The United States
756(1)
European States and the World: The Colonial Empires
757(1)
Retreat from Democracy: The Authoritarian and Totalitarian States
758(15)
Fascist Italy
759(3)
Hitler and Nazi Germany
762(7)
The Soviet Union
769(2)
Authoritarianism in Eastern Europe
771(2)
Dictatorship in the Iberian Peninsula
773(1)
The Expansion of Mass Culture and Mass Leisure
774(2)
Radio and Movies
774(1)
Mass Leisure
775(1)
Cultural and Intellectual Trends in the Interwar Years
776(6)
Nightmares and New Visions: Art and Music
776(2)
The Search for the Unconscious in Literature
778(1)
The Unconscious in Psychology: Carl Jung
779(1)
The ``Heroic Age of Physics''
779(1)
Conclusion
780(1)
Notes
780(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
781(1)
The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II
782(32)
Prelude to War (1933--1939)
783(7)
The Role of Hitler
783(1)
The ``Diplomatic Revolution'' (1933--1936)
783(2)
The Path to War in Europe (1937--1939)
785(3)
The Path to War in Asia
788(2)
The Course of World War II
790(7)
Victory and Stalemate
790(2)
The War in Asia
792(1)
The Turning Point of the War (1942--1943)
792(2)
The Last Years of the War
794(3)
The New Order
797(6)
The Nazi Empire
797(1)
Resistance Movements
798(1)
The Holocaust
799(3)
The New Order in Asia
802(1)
The Home Front
803(5)
The Mobilization of Peoples
803(3)
Frontline Civilians: The Bombing of Cities
806(2)
Aftermath of the War: Cold War
808(6)
The Conference at Teheran
808(1)
Intensifying Differences
809(1)
Emergence of the Cold War
810(1)
Conclusion
811(1)
Notes
812(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
813(1)
Cold War and a New Western World, 1945--1973
814(36)
Development of the Cold War
815(6)
Confrontation of the Superpowers
815(2)
Globalization of the Cold War
817(4)
Europe and the World: Decolonization
821(7)
Africa: The Struggle for Independence
822(2)
Conflict in the Middle East
824(1)
Asia: Nationalism and Communism
825(2)
Decolonization and Cold War Rivalries
827(1)
Recovery and Renewal in Europe
828(7)
The Soviet Union: From Stalin to Khrushchev
828(1)
Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Curtain
829(2)
Western Europe: The Revival of Democracy and the Economy
831(4)
Western Europe: The Move Toward Unity
835(1)
The United States and Canada: A New Era
835(2)
American Politics and Society in the 1950s
835(1)
Decade of Upheaval: America in the 1960s
836(1)
The Development of Canada
837(1)
Postwar Society and Culture in the Western World
837(13)
The Structure of European Society
837(1)
Creation of the Welfare State
838(1)
Women in the Postwar Western World
839(2)
The Permissive Society
841(1)
Education and Student Revolt
842(2)
Postwar Art and Literature
844(1)
The Philosophical Dilemma: Existentialism
845(1)
The Explosion of Popular Culture
846(1)
Conclusion
847(1)
Notes
848(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
849(1)
The Contemporary Western World Since 1973
850(37)
Toward a New Western Order
851(16)
The Revolutionary Era in the Soviet Union
851(4)
Eastern Europe: The Revolutions of 1989 and Collapse of the Communist Order
855(2)
The Reunification of Germany
857(1)
The Disintegration of Yugoslavia
858(2)
Western Europe: The Winds of Change
860(4)
The Unification of Europe
864(2)
The United States: Turmoil, Tranquillity, and Terrorism
866(1)
Contemporary Canada
867(1)
After the Cold War: New World Order or Age of Terrorism?
867(3)
The End of the Cold War
868(1)
An Age of Terrorism?
869(1)
Terrorist Attack on the United States
869(1)
The West and Islam
870(1)
New Directions and New Problems in Western Society
870(4)
Transformation in Women's Lives
871(1)
Guest Workers and Immigrants
872(1)
The Environment and the Green Movements
872(2)
Western Culture Today
874(8)
Postmodern Thought
874(1)
Trends in Art, Literature, and Music
874(3)
Varieties of Religious Life
877(1)
The World of Science and Technology
877(2)
Popular Culture: Image and Globalization
879(3)
Toward a Global Civilization?
882(5)
Notes
884(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
885(2)
Glossary887(8)
Pronunciation Guide895(8)
Index903

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