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Western Civilization to 1500

ISBN: 9780314205230 | 0314205233
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 10/4/1996

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Table of Contents
Documentsxi(5)
Maps
xvi(1)
Chronologiesxvii(1)
Prefacexviii(5)
Introduction to Students of Western Civilizat... MORExxiii
CHAPTER 1 The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations
0(38)
The First Humans
3(4)
The Hunter-Gatherers of the Old Stone Age
4(1)
The Agricultural Revolution, c. 10,000-4000 B.C.
5(2)
The Emergence of Civilization
7(1)
Civilization in Mesopotamia
8(13)
The City-States of Ancient Mesopotamia
8(1)
Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia
9(2)
Mesopotamian Culture
11(5)
Daily Life in Mesopotamia
16(5)
Egyptian Civilization: "The Gift of the Nile"
21(12)
The Old and Middle Kingdoms
22(2)
Social and Economic Structures
24(1)
The Culture of Egypt
25(2)
Chaos and a New Order: The New Kingdom
27(3)
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt
30(3)
On the Fringes of Civilization
33(2)
The Impact of the Indo-Europeans
34(1)
Conclusion
35(1)
Notes
35(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
36(2)
CHAPTER 2 The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires
38(26)
The Hebrews: "The Children of Israel"
39(8)
Political Aspirations and Frustrations
39(2)
The Spiritual Dimensions of Israel
41(4)
The Social Structure of the Hebrews
45(2)
The Neighbors of the Hebrews
47(1)
The Assyrian Empire
48(5)
Assyrian Society and Culture
52(1)
The Neo-Babylonian Empire
53(1)
The Persian Empire
54(7)
Cyrus the Great (559-530 B.C.)
54(2)
Expanding the Empire
56(3)
Governing the Empire
56(3)
Persian Religion
59(2)
Conclusion
61(1)
Notes
62(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
62(2)
CHAPTER 3 The Civilization of the Greeks
64(40)
Early Greece
65(3)
Minoan Crete
65(2)
The Mycenaean Greeks
67(1)
The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100-c. 750 B.C.)
68(2)
Homer
69(1)
The World of the Greek City-States (c. 750-c. 500 B.C.)
70(11)
The Polis
70(3)
Colonization and the Growth of Trade
73(1)
Tyranny in the Greek Polis
73(1)
Sparta
74(3)
Athens
77(1)
Greek Culture in the Archaic Age
78(3)
The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece
81(20)
The Challenge of Persia
81(3)
The Growth of an Athenian Empire
84(3)
The Great Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
87(2)
The Culture of Classical Greece
89(8)
Greek Religion
97(2)
Daily Life in Classical Athens
99(2)
Conclusion
101(1)
Notes
102(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
102(2)
CHAPTER 4 The Hellenistic World
104(28)
The Rise of Macedonia and the End of Hellenic Civilization
105(2)
The Conquests of Alexander the Great
107(4)
Alexander's Ideals
108(1)
Alexander's Legacy
109(2)
The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms
111(5)
Hellenistic Monarchies
112(1)
Hellenistic Cities
113(2)
Economic Trends
115(1)
Hellenistic Society
116(4)
New Opportunities for Upper-Class Women
116(2)
The Role of Slavery
118(1)
The Transformation of Education
119(1)
Culture in the Hellenistic World
120(7)
New Directions in Literature and Art
120(2)
A Golden Age of Science and Medicine
122(3)
Philosophy: New Schools of Thought
125(2)
Religion in the Hellenistic World
127(2)
The Jews in the Hellenistic World
128(1)
Conclusion
129(1)
Notes
129(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
130(2)
CHAPTER 5 The Roman Republic
132(38)
Early Rome and the Etruscans
133(3)
Geography of the Italian Peninsula
133(2)
The Greeks
135(1)
The Etruscans
135(1)
Early Rome
136(1)
The Roman Republic (c. 509-264 B.C.)
136(8)
The Roman State
137(4)
The Roman Conquest of Italy
141(3)
The Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264-133 B.C.)
144(5)
The Struggle with Carthage
144(3)
The Eastern Mediterranean
147(1)
The Nature of Roman Imperialism
148(1)
Society and Culture in the Roman Republic
149(8)
Roman Religion
149(2)
Education: The Importance of Rhetoric
151(1)
The Growth of Slavery
152(1)
The Roman Family
152(2)
The Evolution of Roman Law
154(1)
The Development of Literature and Art
154(2)
Values and Attitudes
156(1)
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133-31 B.C.)
157(11)
Background: Social, Economic, and Political Problems
157(2)
The Reforms of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
159(1)
Marius and the New Roman Army
160(1)
The Role of Sulla
161(1)
The Death of the Republic
161(5)
Literature in the Late Republic
166(2)
Conclusion
168(1)
Notes
168(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
169(1)
CHAPTER 6 The Roman Empire
170(36)
The Age of Augustus (31 B.C.-A.D. 14)
171(8)
The New Constitutional Order
171(1)
The Army
172(1)
Roman Provinces and Frontiers
173(3)
Augustan Society
176(1)
A Golden Age of Latin Literature
177(2)
The Early Empire (14-180)
179(15)
The Julio-Claudians (14-68) and Flavians (69-96)
179(2)
The Five "Good Emperors" (96-180)
181(1)
The Roman Empire at Its Height: Frontiers and Provinces
182(2)
Prosperity in the Early Empire
184(1)
Roman Culture and Society in the Early Empire
185(9)
Religion in the Early Empire: The Rise of Christianity
194(3)
The Religious World of the Roman Empire
194(1)
The Jewish Background
194(1)
The Rise of Christianity
195(2)
The Terrible Third Century
197(1)
The Restored Empire of the Fourth Century
198(5)
Diocletian and Constantine: Political and Military Reforms
198(2)
Diocletian and Constantine: Economic, Social, and Cultural Trends
200(2)
The Growth of Christianity
202(1)
The Fall of the Western Roman Empire
203(1)
Conclusion
203(1)
Notes
204(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
204(2)
CHAPTER 7 The Passing of the Roman World and the Emergence of Medieval Civilization
206(38)
The Role and Development of the Christian Church
207(8)
Organization and Religious Disputes
207(1)
The Power of the Pope
208(1)
The Roles of Church and State
208(1)
New Patterns of Thought
209(3)
The Beginnings of Monasticism
212(3)
The Germanic Peoples and Their Kingdoms
215(9)
The New Kingdoms
217(5)
The Society of the Germanic Peoples in the New Kingdoms
222(2)
The Development of the Latin Christian Church
224(6)
Pope Gregory the Great
224(1)
The Monks and Their Missions
224(5)
Christianity and Intellectual Life
229(1)
The Byzantine Empire
230(6)
The Reign of Justinian (527-565)
230(4)
From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire
234(2)
The Rise of Islam
236(5)
The Expansion of Islam
239(2)
Conclusion
241(1)
Notes
241(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
242(2)
CHAPTER 8 European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000
244(34)
Population and Environment
245(1)
The World of the Carolingians
245(13)
Emergence of the Carolingian Dynasty
246(1)
Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire (768-814)
246(5)
The Carolingian Intellectual Renewal
251(2)
Life in the Carolingian World
253(5)
The Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire: Internal Dissension and New Invasions
258(3)
Internal Dissension
258(1)
Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
258(3)
The Emerging World of Feudalism
261(7)
New Political Configurations in the Tenth Century
264(1)
The Manorial System
265(3)
The Zenith of Byzantine Civilization
268(2)
The Slavic Peoples of Central and Eastern Europe
270(3)
The World of Islam
273(1)
Islamic Civilization
274(1)
Conclusion
275(1)
Notes
276(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
276(2)
CHAPTER 9 The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages
278(28)
People and Land in the High Middle Ages
279(5)
The New Agriculture
280(2)
Daily Life of the Peasantry
282(2)
The Recovery and Reform of the Catholic Church
284(4)
The Problems of Decline
284(1)
The Cluniac Reform Movement
285(1)
The Reform of the Papacy
286(1)
Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) and the Investiture Controversy
286(2)
Christianity and Medieval Civilization
288(16)
Growth of the Papal Monarchy
288(3)
New Monastic Orders and New Spiritual Ideals
291(6)
Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages
297(2)
Voices of Protest and Intolerance
299(5)
Conclusion
304(1)
Notes
304(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
305(1)
CHAPTER 10 A New World of Cities and Kingdoms
306(36)
The New World of Trade and Cities
307(11)
The Revival of Trade
307(4)
The Growth of Cities
311(7)
The Aristocracy of the High Middle Ages
318(5)
The Significance of the Aristocracy
318(1)
The Daily Life of the European Nobility
319(4)
The Emergence and Growth of European Kingdoms, 1000-1300
323(17)
England in the High Middle Ages
324(6)
The Growth of the French Kingdom
330(1)
Christian Reconquest: The Spanish Kingdoms
331(1)
The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire: Germany and Italy
332(4)
New Kingdoms in Northern and Eastern Europe
336(4)
The Growth of Medieval Monarchies
340(1)
Conclusion
340(1)
Notes
340(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
341(1)
CHAPTER 11 Crusades and Culture in the High Middle Ages
342(34)
Background to the Crusades
343(1)
The Islamic Empire
343(1)
The Byzantine Empire
344(1)
The Crusades
344(10)
The Early Crusades
346(4)
The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century
350(4)
Effects of the Crusades
354(1)
The Intellectual and Artistic World of the High Middle Ages
354(19)
The Rise of Universities
355(4)
The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
359(1)
The Development of Scholasticism
360(3)
The Revival of Roman Law
363(2)
Medieval Science and Technology
365(1)
Literature in the High Middle Ages
366(3)
The Romanesque Style: "A White Mantle of Churches"
369(1)
The Gothic Cathedral
370(3)
Conclusion
373(1)
Notes
374(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
374(2)
CHAPTER 12 The Late Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century
376(36)
A Time of Troubles: Black Death and Social Crisis
377(9)
Famine and Population
377(1)
The Black Death
378(4)
Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval
382(4)
War and Political Instability
386(10)
Causes of the Hundred Years' War
387(1)
Conduct and Course of the War
387(4)
Political Instability
391(1)
The Growth of England's Political Institutions
392(1)
The Problems of the French Kings
393(1)
The German Monarchy
394(1)
The States of Italy
394(2)
The Decline of the Church
396(6)
Boniface VIII and the Conflict with the State
396(1)
The Papacy at Avignon (1305-1378)
397(1)
The Great Schism
398(1)
New Thoughts on Church and State and the Rise of Conciliarism
399(1)
Popular Religion in an Age of Adversity
400(2)
The Intellectual and Cultural World of the Fourteenth Century
402(3)
Changes in Theology
402(1)
The Development of Vernacular Literature
402(3)
Art and the Black Death
405(1)
Society in an Age of Adversity
405(5)
Changes in Urban Life
405(2)
New Directions in Medicine
407(2)
Inventions and New Patterns
409(1)
Conclusion
410(1)
Notes
410(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
411(1)
CHAPTER 13 Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
412(43)
Meaning and Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance
413(1)
The Making of Renaissance Society
414(7)
Economic Recovery
414(2)
Social Changes in the Renaissance
416(5)
The Italian States in the Renaissance
421(5)
The Birth of Modern Diplomacy
425(1)
Machiavelli and the New Statecraft
425(1)
The Intellectual Renaissance in Italy
426(8)
Italian Renaissance Humanism
426(5)
Education in the Renaissance
431(2)
Humanism and History
433(1)
The Impact of Printing
433(1)
The Artistic Renaissance
434(8)
The Artist and Social Status
438(2)
The Northern Artistic Renaissance
440(1)
Music in the Renaissance
441(1)
The European State in the Renaissance
442(6)
The "New Monarchies"
442(6)
The Church in the Renaissance
448(3)
The Problems of Heresy and Reform
448(2)
The Renaissance Papacy
450(1)
Conclusion
451(1)
Notes
451(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
452(3)
Index455

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