1.1 The Problem 1

1.2 Sources of Water Pollution 3

1.3 Control of Water Pollution 10

2. Water Quality 13

2.1 Introduction 13

2.2 Physical Measures 14

2.3 Chemical Measures 19

2.4 Biological Measures 40

Problems 52

3. Fundamentals of Fate and Transport 55

3.1 Introduction 55

3.2 The Advection-Diffusion Equation 57

3.3 Fundamental Solutions of the Advection-Diffusion Equation 70

3.4 Transport of Suspended Particles 123

3.5 Turbulent Diffusion 127

3.6 Dispersion 139

Problems 147

4. Rivers and Streams 159

4.1 Introduction 159

4.2 Transport Processes 162

4.3 Models of Spills 184

4.4 Models of Dissolved Oxygen 195

4.5 Models of Nutrients 238

4.6 Models of Pathogens 241

4.7 Contaminant Loads 244

4.8 Management and Restoration 267

Problems 274

5. Ground Water 289

5.1 Introduction 289

5.2 Contaminant Sources 290

5.3 Fate and Transport Models 300

5.4 Transport Processes 326

5.5 Fate Processes 313

5.6 Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids 345

5.7 Monitoring Wells 356

5.8 Remediation of Subsurface Contamination 364

Problems 399

6. Watersheds 413

6.1 Introduction 413

6.2 Urban Watersheds 415

6.3 Agricultural Watersheds 454

6.4 Airsheds 489

Problems 490

7. Lakes and Reservoirs 495

7.1 Introduction 495

7.2 Physical Processes 500

7.3 Eutrophication 507

7.4 Thermal Stratification 522

7.5 Water-Quality Models 534

7.6 Management and Restoration 561

Problems 576

8. Wetlands 585

8.1 Introduction 585

8.2 Natural Wetlands 585

8.3 Constructed Treatment Wetlands 599

Problems 626

9. Oceans and Estuaries 629

9.1 Introduction 629

9.2 Ocean-Outfall Discharges 730

9.3 Estuaries 672

Problems 691

10. Analysis of Water Quality Measurements 697

10.1 Introduction 697

10.2 Probability Distributions 698

10.3 Fundamental Probability Distributions 701

10.4 Derived Probability Distributions 710

10.5 Estimation of Population Distribution from Sample Data 715

10.6 Estimation of Parameters of Population Distribution 723

10.7 Probability Distributions of Sample Statistics 731

10.8 Confidence Intervals 737

10.9 Hypothesis Testing 741

10.10 Relationships between Variables 757

10.11 Functions of Random Variables 766

10.12 Kriging 773

Problems 788

11. Modeling of Water-Quality 799

11.1 Introduction 799

11.2 Code Selection 801

11.3 Calibration 802

11.4 Validation 833

11.5 Simulation 834

11.6 Uncertainty Analysis 834

A. Units and Conversion Factors 843

B. Fluid Properties 849

C. Statistical Tables 855

D. Special Functions 863

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.