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Summary Table of Contents Author Biography

This practical resource is a concise guide designed to prepare veterinary technicians to administer anesthesia in animals. It discusses essential topics such as preanesthetic preparation of the patient, induction procedures, monitoring animals' vital signs during the anesthetic period, and postoperative care. The operation of anesthetic machines and breathing circuits are described in detail, as well as: the actions and side effects of anesthetic agents; the physiology of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure; emergency response; and spec... MOREialized techniques such as local anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, and the use of muscle-paralyzing agents and ventilators. In addition to canine and feline anesthesia, this edition has added information on anesthesia of rodents, rabbits, and other animals used in research, plus a new section on anesthesia of cattle, horses, small ruminants and pigs. This is the only book on veterinary anesthesia written explicitly for technicians, providing detailed, essential information that technicians must know. Concepts are presented in a clear, readable, well-organized format with key points, learning objectives, and review questions. Health and Safety issues surrounding anesthesia are discussed and safety procedures are outlined, as required by OSHA. Emphasis is placed on appropriate response to emergencies, and provisions of the effective pain control. Effective learning features such as objectives, key points, and review questions, help reinforce key information. All drugs and procedures included throughout the book are fully are up-to-date. Clear, useful illustrations and tables highlight important facts and concepts. A solid balance of theory and application takes the reader from learning to real-world practice. Step-by-step Procedures boxes clarify the technician's role in anesthesia delivery. Notes throughout the text highlight important precautions and/or emergency interventions. A section on client education focuses on compliance with NPO instructions and age-related complications of anesthesia. New information is provided on the use of NSAID (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs aspirin, ibuprofen) and opioid analgesics for pain control now accepted as an indispensable aspect of anesthesia. Expanded discussions of sophisticated monitoring instruments and equipment address capnography, pulse oximetry, blood pressure measurement, and electrocardiology. An expanded section on anesthestic agents includes newer drugs such as medetomidine (Domitor) seroflurane, and analgesics such as carprofen (Rimadyl) and meloxicam (Metacam). The new title, previously published as Small Animal Anesthesia and Analgesia, reflects this edition's expanded scope and inclusion of other species. A new chapter on large animal anesthesia focuses predominantly on horses and cows. A new chapter on exotics covers various exotic pets, with an emphasis on pocket pets and birds. New line drawings and photographs of new equipment and techniques for delivery bring the book up to date with advances in the field.

Kamloops Veterinary Clinic, Canada. Textbook provides guidelines for veterinary technicians for administering anesthesia to a variety of animals. Discusses induction procedures, preanesthetic preparation, postoperative care, and the physiology of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure. Previous edition was titled Small Animal Anesthesia and Analgesia, c2000. Softcover.

The Preanesthetic Period

(50)

Patient Evaluation

(13)

Patient History

... MORE

(3)

Physical Examination

(6)

Diagnostic Tests

(3)

Classification of Patient Status

(1)

Selection of the Anesthetic Protocol

(2)

Factors that Influence Selection

(2)

Preanesthetic Patient Care

(7)

Withholding Food Before Anesthesia

(1)

Correction of Preexisting Problems

(1)

Intravenous Catheterization

(6)

Other Preanesthetic Care

(1)

Preanesthetic Agents

(27)

Reasons for Use

(2)

Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics)

(4)

Tranquilizers and Sedatives

(1)

Phenothiazines

(2)

Benzodiazepines

(2)

Alpha-2 Agents

(3)

Opioids

(12)

General Anesthesia

(68)

Definition of General Anesthesia

(1)

Components of General Anesthesia

(2)

Preanesthesia

(1)

Induction

(1)

Maintenance

(1)

Recovery

(1)

Safety of General Anesthesia

(1)

Classical Stages and Planes of Anesthesia

(4)

Stage I

(1)

Stage II

(1)

Stage III

(2)

Stage IV

(1)

Overview of Anesthetic Stages and Planes

(1)

Induction Techniques and Agents

(6)

Injectable Agents

(3)

Inhalation Agents

(3)

Monitoring during the Induction Period

(1)

Endotracheal Intubation

(10)

Advantages

(1)

Problems

(9)

Maintenance of Anesthesia

(30)

Monitoring Vital Signs

(6)

Use of Instruments to Monitor Vital Signs

(8)

Determination of SaO2

(7)

Reflexes and Other Indicators of Anesthetic Depth

(6)

Judging Anesthetic Depth

103

(2)

Recording Information During Anesthesia

105

(1)

Patient Positioning and Comfort During Anesthesia

105

(5)

Recovery from General Anesthesia

110

(9)

Stages of Recovery

110

(1)

Anesthetist's Role in the Recovery Period

110

(9)

Anesthetic Agents and Techniques

119

(46)

Comparison of Inhalation and Injectable Anesthesia

119

(2)

Injectable Anesthetics

121

(21)

Barbiturates

121

(10)

Cyclohexamines

131

(7)

Neuroleptanalgesia

138

(1)

Propofol

138

(3)

Etomidate

141

(1)

Guaifenesin

141

(1)

Inhalation Anesthetics

142

(15)

Characteristics of an Ideal Agent

142

(1)

Classes of Inhalation Agents

143

(2)

Mechanism of Action

145

(1)

Effect of Inhalation Agents on Vital Systems

145

(1)

Distribution and Elimination

146

(1)

Physical Properties

147

(3)

Halothane

150

(1)

Isoflurane

151

(2)

Sevoflurane

153

(1)

Methoxyflurane

154

(1)

Other Halogenated Agents

155

(1)

Nitrous Oxide

156

(1)

Agents Used in the Postanesthetic Period

157

(8)

Doxapram

158

(7)

Anesthetic Equipment

165

(52)

Endotracheal Tubes

166

(4)

Anesthetic Machines and Breathing Circuits

170

(2)

Components of the Anesthesia Delivery System

172

(15)

Compressed Gas Supply

173

(7)

Anesthetic Machine

180

(1)

Breathing Circuit

181

(6)

Vaporizers

187

(7)

Precision Vaporizers

188

(2)

Nonprecision Vaporizers

190

(1)

VOC versus VIC

190

(2)

Factors that Influence Vaporizer Function

192

(2)

Operation of the Anesthetic Machine

194

(13)

Rebreathing Systems

195

(1)

Nonrebreathing Systems

195

(4)

Choice of Rebreathing versus Nonrebreathing Systems

199

(1)

Carrier Gas Flow Rates

200

(5)

Safety Concerns with a Total Rebreathing System

205

(2)

Care and Use of Anesthetic Equipment

207

(10)

Daily Setup

207

(1)

Ongoing Maintenance

207

(10)

Workplace Safety

217

(21)

Hazards of Waste Anesthetic Gas

217

(14)

Short-Term Effects

218

(1)

Long-Term Effects

218

(2)

Assessment of Risk

220

(2)

Reducing Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gas

222

(9)

Monitoring Waste Gas Levels

231

(1)

Safe Handling of Compressed Gases

231

(1)

Fire Safety Precautions

231

(1)

Use and Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders

231

(1)

Accidental Exposure to Injectable Agents

232

(6)

Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies

238

(48)

Reasons Why Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies Arise

239

(19)

Human Error

239

(2)

Equipment Failure

241

(3)

Anesthetic Agents

244

(1)

Patient Factors

244

(14)

Response to Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies

258

(28)

Role of the Veterinary Technician in Emergency Care

258

(1)

Emergency Situations that May Arise during Anesthesia

259

(17)

Problems that May Arise in the Recovery Period

276

(10)

Special Techniques

286

(29)

Local Anesthesia

286

(14)

Agents

287

(1)

Characteristics

287

(1)

Mechanism of Action

288

(1)

Route of Administration of Local Anesthetics

289

(7)

Toxicity of Local Anesthetics

296

(4)

Controlled Ventilation

300

(7)

Ventilation in the Awake Animal

301

(1)

Ventilation in the Anesthetized Animal

301

(1)

Types of Controlled Ventilation

302

(5)

Risks of Controlled Ventilation

307

(1)

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

307

(8)

Analgesia

315

(35)

Principles of Analgesia

315

(2)

What is Analgesia?

315

(1)

Why Treat Pain?

316

(1)

General Principles of Analgesia

317

(7)

Physiology of Pain

317

(1)

Monitoring Signs of Pain

318

(3)

Methods of Pain Control

321

(3)

Pharmacologic Analgesia

324

(2)

Preemptive Analgesia

324

(1)

Mechanisms of Pain Relief

325

(1)

Classes of Analgesic Drugs

326

(24)

Opioid Agents

326

(11)

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs

337

(6)

Other Analgesic Agents

343

(1)

Combination Therapy

344

(1)

Home Analgesia

345

(5)

Anesthesia of Rodents and Rabbits

350

(37)

Patient Evaluation

350

(11)

Handling and Restraint

351

(9)

Physical Examination of Small Mammals

360

(1)

Diagnostic Tests

361

(1)

Preanesthetic Patient Care

361

(1)

Withholding Food Before Anesthesia

361

(1)

Correction of Preexisting Problems

362

(1)

Preanesthetic Agents

362

(3)

Anticholinergics

363

(1)

Phenothiazines

363

(1)

Benzodiazepines

363

(1)

Alpha-2 Adrenoreceptor Agonists

363

(2)

Opioids

365

(1)

General Anesthesia

365

(13)

Induction Techniques and Agents

365

(5)

Summary of Recommended Techniques

370

Intubation and Maintenance of Anesthesia

368

(5)

Monitoring

373

(5)

Postoperative Care

378

(1)

Anesthetic Emergencies

378

(2)

Respiratory Depression

378

(1)

Circulatory Failure

379

(1)

Analgesia

380

(7)

Pain Assessment in Small Mammals

380

(1)

Analgesic Agents

381

(3)

Administration of Analgesics

384

(3)

Large Animal Anesthesia

387

(30)

General Considerations

387

(1)

Biologic Variations

387

(1)

Handling and Restraint

388

(1)

Horses

388

(14)

Sedation and Standing Chemical Restraint

388

(2)

Field Anesthesia

390

(2)

Inhalant Anesthesia

392

(2)

Monitoring and Supportive Care

394

(7)

Foals

401

(1)

Cattle

402

(5)

Sedation and Chemical Restraint

404

(1)

General Anesthesia

404

(1)

Monitoring and Supportive Care

405

(1)

Calves

406

(1)

Small Ruminants

407

(4)

Swine

408

(3)

Regional/Local Anesthetic Techniques in Large Animals

411

(1)

Summary

412

(5)

Appendix A Standard Values and Equivalents

417

(3)

Appendix B Catheter Comparison Scale

420

(1)

Appendix C Equipment for Intravenous (IV) Induction and Inhalation Anesthesia

421

(1)

Appendix D Equipment and Drugs for Use in an Emergency Crash Kit

422

Diane McKelvey, BSc, DVM: Kamloops Veterinary Clinic Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada K. Wayne Hollingshead, MSc, DVM: Assistant Professor, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Animal Health Technology The University College of the Cariboo Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada

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