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UNIX System V A Practical Guide

by: Sobell, Mark G.

UNIX System V A Practical Guide

by: Sobell, Mark G.

ISBN 13:
9780805375664
ISBN 10:
080537566X
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 09/30/1994
Publisher: Pearson

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Summary

Reflecting the changes made in UNIX System V Release 4.2, the Third Edition of this bestseller is the most up-to-date and comprehensive reference available. For novice and experienced user alike, it provides a thorough introduction to UNIX, covering the operating system, utilities, shell programming, the vi editor, job control, system administration, and much more. New chapters include: Graphical User Interface (GUI), Networking, EMACS, and the KornShell. New appendices cover the POSIX standards and the version-specific features of AIX, HPUX, and SCO UNIX. More than 70 of the most frequently used UNIX utilities-including awk, make, SCCS, sed, and sort-are described in detail.

Part I THE UNIX SYSTEM

The UNIX Operating System

(18)

What Is an Operating System?

(1)

The History of the UNIX Operating System

(2)

Why is the UNIX System Popular with Manufacturers?

(1)

The UNIX System is Widely Accepted

(1)

The Future of the UNIX System

(1)

How Can UNIX Run On So Many Machines?

(2)

The C Programming Language

(1)

Overview of the UNIX System

(4)

Utilities

(1)

The UNIX System Can Support Many Users

(1)

The UNIX System Can Support Many Tasks

(1)

The UNIX System Kernel

(1)

File Structure

(1)

Security---Private and Shared Files

(1)

The Shell

(1)

Filename Generation

(1)

Device Independent Input and Output

(1)

Interprocess Communication

(1)

Additional Features of the UNIX System

(3)

Job Control

(1)

Advanced Electronic Mail

(1)

Screen-Oriented Editor

(1)

Scrolling Through a File

(1)

Networking Utilities

(1)

Shell Functions

(1)

Graphical User Interfaces

(1)

System Administration

(1)

What Are the Limitations of the UNIX System?

(2)

Summary

(1)

Review Exercises

(2)

Getting Started

(20)

Before You Start

(3)

Conventions

(1)

Using the UNIX System

(4)

Logging in

(2)

Changing Your Password

(1)

Logging Out

(1)

Correcting Mistakes

(1)

Erasing Characters

(1)

Deleting an Entire Line

(1)

Deleting a Word

(1)

Redrawing a Line

(1)

Abording Program Execution

(1)

Creating and Editing a File Using vi

(6)

Specifying a Terminal

(1)

An Editing Session

(5)

Listing the Contents of a Directory

(1)

Displaying the Contents of a Text File

(1)

Deleting a File

(1)

Special Characters

(1)

Quoting Characters

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Exercises

(2)

An Introduction to the Utilities

(26)

About the Utilities in This Chapter

(1)

Who is Using the System?

(3)

Using who

(1)

Using finger

(1)

Using w

(1)

Using talk to Communicate with Another User

(1)

Using write to Send a Message

(2)

Using mesg to Deny or Accept Messages

(1)

Using mailx to Send and Receive Electronic Mail

(4)

Incoming Mail Notification

(1)

Using man to Display the System Manual

(2)

Organization of the System Manual

(1)

Searching with Keywords

(1)

Using echo to Display Text on the Terminal

(1)

Using date to Display the Time and Date

(1)

Using cp to Copy a File

(1)

Using mv to Change the Name of a File

(1)

Using lp to Print a File

(1)

Using grep to Find a String

(1)

Using head to Look at the Top of a File

(1)

Using tail to Look at the End of a File

(1)

Using sort to Display a File in Order

(1)

Using uniq to Remove Duplicate Lines in a File

(1)

Using Whereis and which to Find Utilities

(1)

Using diff to Compare Two Files

(1)

Using compress to Shrink Files

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Exercises

(3)

The File Structure

(24)

The Hierarchical File Structure

(1)

Using the Hierarchical File Structure

(1)

Directory and Ordinary Files

(3)

Filenames

(2)

Absolute Pathnames

(1)

Directories

(7)

The Working Directory

(1)

Your Home Directory

(1)

Creating a Directory

(2)

Changing to Another Working Directory

(1)

Deleting a Directory

(1)

Relative Pathnames

(1)

Using Pathnames

(1)

Moving Files from One Directory to Another

(1)

Important Standard Directories and Files

(1)

Access Permissions

(3)

The is Utility with the --I Option

(1)

Changing Access Permissions

(1)

Directory Access Permissions

(1)

Links

(5)

Creating Additional Links

(1)

Using In to Create a Link

(2)

Removing Links

(1)

Symbolic Links

(2)

Summary

(1)

Review Exercises

(3)

The Shell

(22)

The Command Line

(4)

Command-Line Syntax

(2)

Processing the Command Line

(2)

Executing the Command Line

(1)

Standard Input and Standard Output

(2)

The Terminal As a File

(1)

The Terminal As the Standard Input and Output

(1)

Redirection

(5)

Redirecting the Standard Output

(2)

Redirecting the Standard Input

100

(2)

Appending the Standard Output to a File

102

(1)

Pipes

103

(3)

Filters

106

(1)

The tee Utility

106

(1)

Running a Program in the Background

106

(1)

Filename Generation

107

(4)

The ? Special Character

108

(1)

The * Special Character

109

(1)

The [] Special Characters

110

(1)

Summary

111

(1)

Review Exercises

112

(1)

Graphical User Interfaces

113

(32)

Why Use a GUI?

114

(1)

What is a GUI?

114

(7)

Components of a GUI

115

(3)

Screen Layout

118

(1)

Window Manager

119

(1)

Desktop Manager

120

(1)

Workspace Manager

120

(1)

The X Window System

121

(4)

The X Terminal

122

(1)

X Window Managers

123

(2)

Using a Motif Window Manager

125

(8)

Selecting the Current Window

126

(1)

Starting and Ending a Session

126

(1)

Opening a Window

127

(1)

The Motif Window Title Bar

127

(1)

Closing a Window

128

(1)

Moving a Window

128

(1)

Changing Window Size

128

(1)

Raising and Lowering Windows

128

(1)

Using Icons

129

(1)

Copying and Pasting Text

130

(1)

Scrolling Text

131

(2)

Customizing Your X Work Environment

133

(5)

Remapping Mouse Buttons

133

(1)

Customizing X Applications

134

(2)

The .xsession File

136

(1)

The .Xdefaults File

137

(1)

Customizing the Motif Window Manager

138

(1)

The .mwmrc file

138

(1)

Remote Computing and Local Displays

139

(2)

X Applications

141

(2)

Summary

143

(1)

Review Exercises

143

(2)

Networking

145

(36)

Background

146

(1)

Network Services

146

(1)

Common Types of Networks

147

(6)

Local Area Networks (LANs)

147

(2)

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

149

(1)

Internetworking Through Gateways and Routers

149

(1)

Network Protocols

150

(2)

Host Addresses

152

(1)

Communicating Over the Network

153

(2)

Using finger to learn About Remote Users

153

(2)

Sending Mail to a Remote User

155

(1)

Using talk with a Remote User

155

(1)

Networking Utilities

155

(8)

Using rlogin and telnet to Access a Remote Computer

155

(3)

Trusted Hosts and the .rhosts File

158

(1)

Using rcp and ftp to Transfer Files Over a Network

158

(2)

Using rsh to Run a Command Remotely

160

(1)

Using ping to Test a Network Connection

161

(1)

Using ruptime to Display Remote Computer Status

162

(1)

Using rwho to List Users on Remote Computers

163

(1)

Distributed Computing

163

(4)

The Client/Server Model

164

(1)

Domain Name Service (DNS)

164

(1)

Network Information Service(NIS)

165

(1)

Network File System (NFS)

166

(1)

Network Services

167

(2)

Network Information Services

169

(9)

USENET

169

(1)

Browsing Around the Internet

170

(5)

The World Wide Web

175

(3)

Summary

178

(1)

Review Exercises

179

(2)

The vi Editor

181

(38)

About vi

182

(1)

Introduction to vi

182

(4)

History of vi

182

(1)

Modes of Operation

182

(1)

Correcting Text as You Insert It

183

(1)

Command Case

184

(1)

The Work Buffer

184

(1)

Abnormal Termination of an Editing Session

184

(1)

Recovering Text After a Crash

185

(1)

The Display

186

(1)

The Status Line

186

(1)

Redrawing the Screen

186

(1)

The Tilde (∼) Symbol

186

(1)

Command Mode---Moving the Cursor

186

(4)

Moving the Cursor by Characters

187

(1)

Moving the Cursor by Words

188

(1)

Moving the Cursor by Lines

188

(1)

Moving the Cursor by Sentences and Paragraphs

189

(1)

Moving the Cursor Within the Screen

189

(1)

Viewing Different Parts of the Work Buffer

189

(1)

Input Mode

190

(3)

The Insert Commands

191

(1)

The Append Commands

191

(1)

The Open Commands

191

(1)

The Replace Commands

192

(1)

The Quote Command

193

(1)

Command Mode---Deleting and Changing Text

193

(3)

The Undo Commands

193

(1)

The Delete Character Command

193

(1)

The Delete Command

193

(1)

The Change Command

194

(2)

Searching for a String

196

(1)

The Search Commands

196

(1)

Substituting One String for Another

197

(2)

Miscellaneous Commands

199

(1)

The join Command

199

(1)

The Status Command

199

(1)

The Command

200

(1)

The Put, Delete, and Yank Commands

200

(1)

The General-Purpose Buffer

200

(1)

The Named Buffers

201

(1)

Reading and Writing Files

202

(1)

The Read Command

202

(1)

The Write Command

203

(1)

Identifying the Current File

203

(1)

Setting Parameters

204

(3)

Setting Parameters from vi

204

(1)

Setting Parameters in a Start-up File

204

(1)

Parameters

204

(3)

Advanced Editing Techniques

207

(3)

Using Markers

207

(1)

Editing Other Files

207

(1)

Executing Shell Commands from vi

208

(2)

Units of Measure

210

(2)

Character

210

(1)

Word

210

(1)

Blank-Delimited Word

210

(1)

Line

211

(1)

Sentence

211

(1)

Paragraph

211

(1)

Screen

212

(1)

Repeat Factor

212

(1)

Summary

212

(4)

Starting vi

212

(1)

Moving the Cursor by Units of Measure

212

(1)

Viewing Different Parts of the Work Buffer

213

(1)

Adding Text

214

(1)

Deleting and Changing Text

214

(1)

Searching for a String

214

(1)

String Substitution

215

(1)

Miscellaneous Commands

215

(1)

Yanking and Putting Text

216

(1)

Advanced Commands

216

(1)

Review Exercises

216

(3)

The emacs Editor

219

(58)

About emacs

220

(1)

emacs vs. vi

220

(1)

Getting Started

221

(7)

Starting emacs

221

(2)

Stopping emacs

223

(1)

Inserting Text

223

(1)

Moving the Cursor

224

(2)

Editing at the Cursor Position

226

(1)

Saving and Retrieving the Buffer

227

(1)

Basic Editing Commands

228

(6)

Keys: Notation and Use

229

(1)

Key Sequences and Commands

230

(1)

Running a Command Without a key Binding: [META]-X

230

(1)

Numeric Arguments

230

(1)

Point and the Cursor

231

(1)

Scrolling Through a Buffer

231

(1)

Erasing Text

232

(1)

Searching

232

(2)

On-line Help

234

(3)

Advanced Editing Topics

237

(13)

Undoing Changes

237

(1)

Mark and Region

238

(2)

Cutting and Pasting: Yanking Killed Text

240

(2)

Inserting Special Characters

242

(1)

Global Buffer Commands

242

(2)

Working with Files

244

(2)

Working with Buffers

246

(1)

Working with Windows

247

(2)

Foreground Shell Commands

249

(1)

Background shell Commands

249

(1)

Language-Sensitive Editing

250

(10)

Selecting a Major Mode

250

(1)

Human-Language Modes

251

(3)

C Mode

254

(5)

Special-Purpose Modes

259

(1)

Customizing emacs

260

(5)

The .emacs Start-up File

261

(1)

Remapping Keys

262

(2)

A Sample .emacs File

264

(1)

Resources for emacs

265

(2)

Usenet emacs FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

266

(1)

Access to emacs

266

(1)

Summary

267

(7)

Review Exercises

274

(3)

The Bourne Shell

277

(66)

Background

278

(1)

Creating a Simple Shell Script

278

(2)

Making a File Executable

279

(1)

Command Separation and Grouping

280

(3)

The (NEWLINE) and; Characters

280

(1)

The \ Character

281

(1)

The I and & Characters

281

(1)

Command Grouping

282

(1)

Job Control

283

(1)

Redirecting the Standard Error

284

(1)

Processes

285

(3)

Process Structure

285

(1)

Executing a Command

286

(1)

Process Identification

286

(1)

Invoking a Shell Script

287

(1)

Variables

288

(15)

User-Created Variables

289

(5)

Keyword Shell Variables

294

(4)

Readonly Shell Variables

298

(5)

Control-Flow Commands

303

(32)

If Then

303

(3)

If Then Else

306

(1)

If Then Elif

307

(6)

For In

313

(2)

For

315

(1)

While

316

(3)

Until

319

(3)

The Break and Continue Commands

322

(1)

Case

322

(7)

The Here Document

329

(2)

The exec Command

331

(1)

The trap Command

332

(3)

Functions

335

(1)

Summary

336

(4)

Review Exercises

340

(3)

The C Shell

343

(40)

Background

344

(1)

Entering and Leaving the C Shell

344

(1)

History

345

(5)

Reexecuting Events

346

(1)

Words Within Events

347

(1)

Modifying Previous Events

348

(2)

Alias

350

(2)

Implementation of alias

351

(1)

Argument Substitution

352

(1)

Job Control

352

(2)

Redirecting the Standard Error

354

(1)

Filename Generation

354

(1)

Filename Completion

355

(1)

Directory Stack Manipulation

356

(2)

Variables

358

(9)

Variable Substitution

358

(1)

String Variables

358

(1)

Arrays of String Variables

359

(1)

Numeric Variables

360

(3)

Braces

363

(1)

Special Forms of User Variables

363

(1)

Shell Variables

363

(1)

Shell Variables That Take On Values

364

(1)

Shell Variables That Act As Switches

365

(2)

C Shell Scripts

367

(1)

Executing a C Shell Script

367

(1)

Automatically Executed Shell Scripts

367

(1)

Control Structures

368

(8)

368

(1)

Goto

369

(1)

Interrupt Handling

370

(1)

If Then Else

370

(2)

Foreach

372

(1)

Break and Continue

373

(1)

While

374

(1)

Switch

374

(1)

Reading User Input

375

(1)

Built-in Commands

376

(7)

Control Structures

379

(1)

Summary

380

(1)

Review Exercises

380

(3)

The Korn Shell and Advanced Shell Programming

383

(76)

Background

384

(1)

Korn Shell Basics

384

(1)

Start-up Files

385

(7)

Running Korn Shell Scripts

386

(1)

Customizing Your Environment

387

(5)

Using Korn Shell Variables

392

(12)

Variable Attributes

393

(2)

Built-in Variables

395

(3)

Expanding Shell Variables

398

(3)

Extended Pattern Matching Operators

401

(2)

Arrays and Compound Variables

403

(1)

Korn Shell Arithmetic

404

(3)

Built-in Commands

407

(16)

Control-Flow Commands

407

(4)

Option Processing

411

(3)

Input and Output

414

(7)

Job Control

421

(1)

Other Built-in Commands

422

(1)

Command-Line Editing

423

(8)

Using the Built-in vi Editor

424

(2)

Using the Built-in emacs Editor

426

(1)

History

427

(1)

Using the fc Command

428

(3)

Command Processing

431

(6)

Token Splitting

432

(2)

Alias Substitution

434

(1)

Tilde Substitution

434

(1)

Command Substitution

434

(1)

Parameter Expansion

435

(1)

Wildcard Expansion

435

(1)

Processing Quotation Marks

436

(1)

I/O Redirection and the Coprocess

436

(1)

Korn Shell Programs

437

(14)

Program Structures

438

(3)

A Programming Problem: makesccs

441

(4)

Another Programming Problem: quiz

445

(6)

Korn Shell Options

451

(1)

Summary

452

(4)

Commands for Built-in vi Editor

453

(2)

Commands for Built-in emacs Editor

455

(1)

Review Exercises

456

(3)

Programming Tools

459

(34)

Background

460

(1)

Programming in C

460

(10)

Writing a C Program

460

(3)

Compiling a Program

463

(2)

Debugging C Programs

465

(5)

System Calls

470

(1)

Controlling Processes

470

(1)

Accessing the Filesystem

470

(1)

The make Utility

471

(6)

Implied Dependencies

472

(4)

Macros

476

(1)

Source Code Management

477

(9)

Evolution of an SCCS File

478

(1)

Creating an SCCS File

479

(2)

Retrieving an SCCS File

481

(1)

Recording Changes to an SCCS File

482

(3)

Obtaining the History of an SCCS File

485

(1)

Restricting Access to SCCS Files

485

(1)

The Revision Control System (RCS)

486

(4)

Creating an RCS File

486

(1)

Retrieving and Recording Changes to an RCS File

487

(1)

Obtaining the History of an RCS File

488

(2)

Restricting Access to RCS Files

490

(1)

Summary

490

(1)

Review Exercises

491

(2)

System Administration

493

(34)

Background

494

(1)

The System Administrator and the Superuser

494

(2)

System Administration Tools

495

(1)

Detailed Description of System Operation

496

(5)

Bringing Up (Booting) the System

496

(2)

Multiuser Mode

498

(1)

Bringing the System Down

499

(1)

Crashes

500

(1)

Important Files and Directories

501

(5)

Types of Files

506

(3)

Ordinary Versus Directory Files

506

(1)

Symbolic Links

506

(1)

Special Files

507

(2)

Day-to-Day System Administration Functions

509

(3)

Backing Up Files

509

(2)

Adding and Removing Users

511

(1)

Checking Your Mail and Log Files

512

(1)

Scheduling Routine Tasks

512

(1)

Installing New Software and Upgrades

512

(1)

Problems

512

(5)

When a User Cannot Log in

513

(1)

Keeping a Machine Log

514

(1)

Keeping the System Secure

514

(1)

Monitoring Disk Usage

515

(2)

Getting Information to Users

517

(1)

Summary

518

(1)

Review Exercises

518

(9)

Part II THE UNIX UTILITY PROGRAMS

admin Create an SCCS file or change the characteristics of an SCCS file

527

(4)

at Execute a shell script at a time you specify

531

(3)

awk Search for and process a pattern in a file

534

(24)

cal Display a calendar

558

(1)

calendar Present reminders

559

(1)

cat Join or display files

560

(2)

cc C complier

562

(2)

cd Change to another working directory

564

(1)

chgrp Change the group that is associated with a file

565

(1)

chmod Change the access mode of a file

566

(4)

chown Change the owner of a file

570

(1)

ci Create or record changes in an RCS file

571

(2)

co Retrieve an unencoded version of an RCS file

573

(2)

comm Compare sorted files

575

(2)

cp Copy one or more files

577

(2)

cpio Store and retrieve files in an archive format

579

(3)

crontab Specify jobs to run at regularly scheduled times

582

(2)

date Display or set the time and date

584

(2)

delta Record changes in an SCCS-encoded file

586

(2)

df Display the amount of available disk space

588

(2)

diff Display the differences between two files

590

(7)

du Display information on disk usage

597

(2)

echo Display a message

599

(2)

expr Evaluate an expression

601

(4)

file Display file classification

605

(1)

find Find files

606

(6)

finger Displays detailed information on users

612

(3)

fsck Check and repair a filesystem

615

(4)

ftp Transfer files over a network connection

619

(3)

get Create an unencoded version of an SCCS file

622

(4)

grep Search for a pattern in files

626

(4)

head Display the beginning (head) of a file

630

(1)

kill Terminate a process

631

(2)

In Make a link to a file

633

(2)

lp Print files

635

(3)

Is Display information about one or more files

638

(7)

mailx Send or receive electronic mail

645

(7)

make Keep a set of programs current

652

(2)

mesg Enable/disable reception of messages

654

(1)

mkdir Make a directory

655

(1)

more Display a file, one screenful at a time

656

(3)

mv Move (rename) a file

659

(2)

news Display news

661

(1)

nice Change the priority of a command

662

(1)

nohup Run a command that will keep running after you log out

663

(1)

od Dump the contents of a file

664

(2)

pg Display a file, one screenful at a time

666

(3)

pr Paginate a file for printing

669

(3)

prs Print a summary of the history of an SCCS file

672

(3)

ps Display process status

675

(3)

rcp Copy one or more files to or from a remote computer

678

(2)

rcs Create or change the characteristics of an RCS file

680

(3)

rlog Print a summary of the history of an RCS file

683

(2)

rlogin Log in on a remote computer

685

(1)

rm Remove a file (delete a link)

686

(2)

rmdel Remove a delta from an SCCS file

688

(1)

rmdir Remove a directory

689

(1)

ruptime Display status of computers attached to a network

690

(1)

rwho Display names of users on computers attached to a network

691

(1)

sed Edit a file (noninteractively)

692

(12)

sleep Create a process that sleeps for a specified interval

704

(1)

sort Sort and/or merge files

705

(10)

spell Check a file for spelling errors

715

(2)

stty Display or set terminal parameters

717

(4)

tail Display the last part (tail) of a file

721

(3)

tar Store or retrieve files from an archive file

724

(4)

tee Copy the standard input to the standard output and one or more files

728

(1)

telnet Connect to a remote computer over a network

729

(2)

test Evaluate an expression

731

(3)

touch Update a file's modification time

734

(2)

tr Replace specified characters

736

(2)

tty Display the terminal pathname

738

(1)

umask Establish file-creation permissions mask

739

(1)

uniq Display lines of a file that are unique

740

(2)

w Displays information on system users

742

(2)

wc Display the number of lines, words, and characters in a file

744

(1)

who Display names of users

745

(2)

write Send a message to another user

747

(2)

Appendix A Regular Expressions

749

(8)

Characters

750

(1)

Delimiters

750

(1)

Simple Strings

750

(1)

Special Characters

750

(2)

Rules

752

(1)

Bracketing Expressions

753

(1)

The Replacement String

754

(1)

Full Regular Expressions

755

(1)

Summary

755

(2)

Appendix B AIX

757

(4)

Overview

758

(3)

System Administration

758

(1)

The Kernel

759

(1)

File Layout

759

(1)

Features

759

(2)

Appendix C HP-UX

761

(4)

Overview

762

(3)

System Administration

762

(1)

File Layout

762

(1)

Features

763

(1)

Diskless Computing

764

(1)

Appendix D SCO UNIX/ODT

765

(4)

Overview

766

(3)

The Kernel

766

(1)

System Administration

766

(1)

Files

767

(1)

Features

767

(1)

Electronic Mail

768

(1)

Appendix E The POSIX Standards

769

(20)

Background

770

(1)

POSIX.1

770

(2)

The POSIX.1 FIPS

771

(1)

POSIX.2

772

(10)

Localization

772

(2)

The POSIX Shell

774

(2)

Utilities for Portable Shell Applications

776

(5)

The User Portability Utilities Option (UPE)

781

(1)

Software Development Utilities

782

(1)

POSIX.3

782

(1)

POSIX.4

782

(1)

POSIX.5

783

(1)

POSIX.9

784

(1)

Draft POSIX Standards

784

(3)

Security

784

(2)

System Administration

786

(1)

Networks

786

(1)

User Interfaces

787

(1)

Profiles and POSIX Standards

787

(1)

Summary

788

(1)

Appendix F Differences Between SVR3 and SVR4

789

(4)

Overview

790

(3)

File Layout

790

(1)

Features

791

(2)

Glossary

793

(16)

Index

809

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UNIX System V A Practical Guide

UNIX System V A Practical Guide

9780805375664

080537566X

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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