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Understanding World Societies, Combined Volume A Brief History

by: McKay, John P.; Buckley Ebrey, Patricia; Beck, Roger B.; Crowston, Clare Haru; Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.

Understanding World Societies, Combined Volume A Brief History

by: McKay, John P.; Buckley Ebrey, Patricia; Beck, Roger B.; Crowston, Clare Haru; Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.

ISBN 13:
9781457618673
ISBN 10:
1457618672
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 08/03/2012
Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's
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Understanding World Societies, Combined Volume A Brief History > ISBN13: 9781457618673

Summary

Based on the highly successful A History of World Societies, Understanding World Societies: A Brief History combines innovative pedagogy with a manageable regional and comparative approach to capture students' interest in the everyday life of the past. Abridged by 25%, the narrative is paired with distinctive pedagogy, designed to help students focus on significant developments as they read and review. An innovative end-of-chapter study guide helps students master key facts and move towards synthesis.

Author Biography

John P. McKay (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is professor emeritus at the University of Illinois. He has written or edited numerous works, including the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize-winning book Pioneers for Profit: Foreign Entrepreneurship and Russian Industrialization, 1885-1913. Patricia B. Ebrey (Ph.D., Columbia University), Professor of History at the University of Washington in Seattle, specializes in China. She has published numerous journal articles and The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, as well as numerous monographs. In 2010 she won the Shimada Prize for outstanding work of East Asian Art History for Accumulating Culture: The Collections of Emperor Huizong. Roger B. Beck (Ph.D., Indiana University) is Distinguished Professor of African and twentieth-century world history at Eastern Illinois University. His publications include The History of South Africa, a translation of P. J. van der Merwe's The Migrant Farmer in the History of the Cape Colony, 1657-1842, and more than a hundred articles, book chapters, and reviews. He is a former treasurer and Executive Council member of the World History Association. Clare Haru Crowston (Ph.D., Cornell University) teaches at the University of Illinois, where she is currently associate professor of history. She is the author of Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675-1791, which won the Berkshire and Hagley Prizes. She edited two special issues of the Journal of Women's History, has published numerous journal articles and reviews, and is a past president of the Society for French Historical Studies. Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison) taught first at Augustana College in Illinois, and since 1985 at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where she is currently UWM Distinguished Professor in the department of history. She is the coeditor of the Sixteenth Century Journal and the author or editor of more than twenty books, most recently The Marvelous Hairy Girls: The Gonzales Sisters and Their Worlds and Gender in History. She is the former Chief Reader for Advanced Placement World History.

Maps, Figures and Tables

Special Features

Preface

Version and Supplements

Chapter 1
The Earliest Human Societies, to 2500 b.c.e.

How did humans evolve, and where did they migrate?

Understanding the Early Human Past

Hominid Evolution

Homo Sapiens, "Thinking Humans"

Migration and Differentiation

What were the key features of Paleolithic society?

Foraging for Food

Family and Kinship Relationships

Cultural Creations and Spirituality

How did plant and animal domestication transform human society?
The Development of Horticulture

Animal Domestication and the Rise of Pastoralism

Plow Agriculture

How did Neolithic societies change over time?
Social Hierarchies and Slavery

Gender Hierarchies and Inheritance

Trade and Cross-Cultural Connections

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: Paleolithic Venus Figures

Individuals in Society: The Iceman

Chapter 2
The Rise of the State in Southwest Asia and the Nile Valley, 3200-500 b.c.e.

How is the invention of writing connected to the rise of cities and states?
Written Sources and the Human Past

Cites and the Idea of Civilization

The Rise of States, Laws, and Social Hierarchies

What kinds of states and societies emerged in ancient Mesopotamia?
Environmental Challenges, Irrigation, and Religion

Sumerian Politics and Society

The Invention of Writing and Other Intellectual Advances

The Triumph of Babylon and the Spread of Mesopotamian Civilization

Hammurabi's Code and Its Social Consequences

What were the characteristics of Egyptian civilization?
The Nile and the God-King

Social Divisions and Work in Ancient Egypt

Migrations and Political Revivals

New Political and Economic Powers

What was unique about Hebrew civilization?
The Hebrew State

The Jewish Religion

The Family and Jewish Life

How did the Assyrians and Persians build and maintain their empires?
Assyria, the Military Monarchy

The Rise and Expansion of the Persian Empire

The Religion of Zoroaster

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: Gilgamesh's Quest for Immortality

Individuals in Society: Hatshepsut and Nefertiti

Global Trade: Iron

Chapter 3
The Foundation of Indian Society, to 300 c.e.

What were the key characteristics of India's first civilization?
What kind of society and culture did the Indo-European Aryans create?
Aryan Dominance in North India

Life in Early India

Brahmanism

What new religious beliefs emerged to challenge Brahmanism?
Jainism

Siddhartha Gautama and Buddhism

Hinduism

How was the Mauryan Empire created and what were its achievements?
Encounters with the West

Chandragupta and the Founding of the Mauryan Empire

The Reign of Ashoka, ca. 269-232 b.c.e.

How did political disunity shape Indian life after 185 b.c.e.?
Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: Conversations Between Rama and Sita from the Ramayana

Individuals in Society: Gosala

Chapter 4
China's Classical Age, to 221 b.c.e.

How did geography shape the development of Chinese societies?
The Impact of Geography

Early Agricultural Societies of the Neolithic Age

What were the most important developments in Shang China?
Shang Society

Bronze Metalworking

The Development of Writing

What was China like during the Zhou Dynasty?
Zhou Politics

Life During the Zhou Dynasty

How did new technologies contribute to the rise of independent states?
New Technologies for War

The Victorious States

What ideas did Confucius teach, and how were they spread after his death?
Confucius

The Spread of Confucian Ideas

How did Daoism, Legalism, and other philosophies differ from Confucianism?
Daoism

Individuals in Society: Lord Mengchang

Listening to the Past: The Book of Mencius

Chapter 5
The Greek Experience, 3500-100 b.c.e.
How did geography shape the early history of the Greeks?
The Minoans and Mycenaeans

The Development of the Polis

How did Greek society and government develop during the Archaic age?

Greece's Overseas Expansion

The Growth of Sparta

The Evolution of Athens

What were the lasting achievements of the classical period?
The Deadly Conflicts, 499-404 b.c.e.

Athenian Arts in the Age of Pericles

Daily Life and Social Conditions in Athens

Greek Religion in the Classical Period

The Flowering of Philosophy

What were the social and political consequences of Alexander's conquests?
From Polis to Monarchy, 404-200 b.c.e.

Building a Shared Society

The Growth of Trade and Commerce

How did the mixing of cultures shape Hellenistic thought?
Religion in the Hellenistic World

Philosophy and Its Guidance for Life

Hellenistic Science and Medicine

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: Aristotle, On the Family and On Slavery, from The Politics
Individuals in Society: Archimedes, Scientist and Inventor

Chapter 6
The World of Rome, 750 b.c.e.-400 c.e.
What kind of society and government did the Romans develop in Italy?
The Etruscans and Rome

The Roman Conquest of Italy

The Distribution of Power in the Roman Republic

Social Conflict in Rome

What were the causes and consequences of Roman expansion beyond Italy?
Overseas Conquests and the Punic Wars, 264-133 b.c.e.

New Influences and Old Values in Roman Culture

The Late Republic and the Rise of Augustus, 133-27 b.c.e.

The Successes of Augustus

How did Roman rule lead to a period of prosperity and relative peace?

Political and Military Changes in the Empire

Life in Rome

Prosperity in the Roman Provinces

Eastward Expansion and Contacts Between Rome and China

What was Christianity, and how did it affect life in the Roman Empire?
Factors Behind the Rise of Christianity

The Life and Teachings of Jesus

The Spread of Christianity

The Growing Acceptance and Evolution of Christianity

How did rulers respond to the chaos of the third and fourth centuries?
Diocletian's Reforms

Economic Hardship and Its Consequences

Constantine, Christianity, and the Rise of Constantinople

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Queen Cleopatra

Listening to the Past: Cicero and the Plot to Kill Caesar
Global Trade: Pottery

Chapter 7
East Asia and the Spread of Buddhism, 221 b.c.e.-800 c.e.
How did political unification under the Qin and Han shape China?
The Qin Unification, 221-206 b.c.e.

The Han Dynasty, 206 b.c.e.-220 c.e.

Han Intellectual and Cultural Life

Inner Asia and the Silk Road

Life in Han China

China and Rome

The Fall of the Han and the Age of Division

How and why did Buddhism spread throughout East Asia?
Buddhism's Path Through Central Asia

The Appeal and Impact of Buddhism in China

What were the lasting accomplishments of the Sui and Tang Dynasties?
The Sui Dynasty, 581-618

The Tang Dynasty, 618-907

Tang Culture

How were elements of Chinese culture adapted throughout East Asia?
Vietnam

Individuals in Society: The Ban Family
Listening to the Past: Sixth-Century Biographies of Buddhist Nuns

Chapter 8
Continuity and Change in Europe and Western Asia, 200-850
How did the Byzantine Empire preserve the Greco-Roman legacy?
Sources of Byzantine Strength

The Sassanid Empire and Conflicts with Byzantium

The Law Code of Justinian

Byzantine Intellectual Life

Life in Constantinople

How and why did Christian institutions change in late antiquity?
The Evolution of Church Leadership and Orthodoxy

The Western Church and the Eastern Church

The Iconoclastic Controversy

Christian Monasticism

How did Christianity spread and develop in late antiquity?
Christian Beliefs and the Greco-Roman Tradition

Saint Augustine

Missionary Activity

Conversion and Assimilation

How did the barbarians affect change in Europe and western Asia?
Social and Economic Structures

Chiefs, Warriors, and Laws

Migrations and Political Change

Individuals in Society: Theodora of Constantinople

Listening to the Past: Gregory of Tours, The Conversion of Clovis

Chapter 9
The Islamic World, 600-1400
Who was Muhammad and what did he teach?
Arabian Social and Economic Structure

Muhammad's Rise as a Religious Leader

The Tenets of Islam

What explains the speed and scope of Islamic expansion?
Islam's Spread Beyond Arabia

Reasons for the Spread of Islam

The Caliphate and the Split Between ShiÕa and Sunni Alliances

The Abbasid Caliphate

Administration of the Islamic Territories

How and why did Islamic states change between 900 and 1400?
Breakaway Territories and Shi'a Gains

The Ascendancy of the Turks

The Mongol Invasions

What social distinctions were important in Muslim society?
The Social Hierarchy

Slavery

Women in Classical Islamic Society

Why did trade thrive in Muslim lands?
What new cultural developments emerged in this period?
The Cultural Centers of Baghdad and C—rdoba

Education and Intellectual Life

The Mystical Tradition of Sufism

What characterized Muslim-Christian interactions?
Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali, The Etiquette of Marriage

Individuals in Society: Ibn Battuta

Chapter 10
African Societies and Kingdoms, 1000 b.c.e.-1500 c.e.
How did geography shape the history of Africa's diverse peoples?
Africa's Geographical and Human Diversity

Egypt, Race, and Being African

How did the advent of settled agriculture affect early societies?
Settled Agriculture and Its Impact

Bantu Migrations

Life in the Kingdoms of the Western Sudan, ca. 1000 b.c.e.-800 c.e.

What role did the trans-Saharan trade play in West African history?
The Berbers of North Africa

Effects of Trade on West African Society

The Spread of Islam in Africa

What kingdoms and empires emerged in Africa between 800 and 1500?
The Kingdom of Ghana, ca. 900-1100

The Kingdom of Mali, ca. 1200-1450

Ethiopia: The Christian Kingdom of Aksum

The East African City-States

Southern Africa and Great Zimbabwe

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Amda Siyon

Listening to the Past: A Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler Describes Parts of the East African Coast

Chapter 11
The Americas, 2500 b.c.e.-1500 c.e.
How did early peoples of the Americas adapt to its diverse environments?
Settling the Americas

The Development of Agriculture

What characterized early societies in the Americas?
Mounds, Towns, and Trade in North and South America

Olmec Agriculture, Technology, and Religion

What kinds of societies emerged in the classical era?
Maya Agriculture and Trade

Maya Science and Religion

Growth and Assimilation of the Teotihuacan and Toltec Cultures

Hohokam, Hopewell, and Mississippian Societies

Who were the Aztecs and how did they build an empire?
Religion and War in Aztec Society

Social Distinctions Among the Aztecs

The City of Tenochtitlan

What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Inca empire?
Earlier Peruvian Cultures

Inca Imperialism and Its Religious Basis

The Clan-Based Structure of Inca Society

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Tlacaelel

Listening to the Past: Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government

Chapter 12
Cultural Exchange in Central and Southern Asia, to 1400
How did Central Asian nomads conquer nearby settled civilizations?
Nomadic Society

The Turks

The Mongols

Mongol Daily Life

How did the Mongols build and govern a Eurasian empire?
Chinggis Kahn

Chinggis's Successors

The Mongols as Rulers

How did the Mongol conquests facilitate cultural exchange?
The Movement of Peoples

The Spread of Disease, Goods, and Ideas

What was the result of India's encounters with Turks and Mongols?
The Gupta Empire, ca. 320-480

India's Medieval Age and the First Encounter with Islam

The Delhi Sultanate

Life in Medieval India

How did states develop along the trade routes of Southeast Asia and beyond?
State Formation and Indian Influences

The Srivijaya Maritime Trade Empire

The Spread of Indian Culture in Comparative Perspective

The Settlement of the Pacific Islands

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: The Abduction of Women in The Secret History of the Mongols

Individuals in Society: Bhaskara the Teacher

Global Trade: Spices

Chapter 13
States and Cultures in East Asia, 800-1400

What were the causes and consequences of the medieval Chinese economic revolution and what was its impact?

How did government and society change in the Song and Yuan Dynasties?
The Song Dynasty

The Scholar-Officials and Neo-Confucianism

Women's Lives in Song Times

China Under Mongol Rule

How did Korean society and culture develop under the Koryŏ Dynasty?
What characterized Japan's Heian Period?
Fujiwara Rule

Aristocratic Culture

What were the causes and consequences of military rule in Japan?
Military Rule

Individuals in Society: Shen Gua

Listening to the Past: The Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon

Chapter 14
Europe in the Middle Ages, 800-1450
How did medieval rulers try to create larger and more stable territories?
Invasions and Migrations

Feudalism and Manorialism

The Restoration of Order

Law and Justice

How did the Christian church enhance its power and create new practices?
Papal Reforms

Monastic Life

Popular Religion

The Expansion of Christianity

What were the motives, course, and consequences of the Crusades?
Background and Motives

The Course of the Crusades

Consequences of the Crusades

What characterized European society in the Middle Ages?
The Life and Work of Peasants

The Life and Work of Nobles

Towns, Cities, and the Growth of Commercial Interests

The Expansion of Trade and the Commercial Revolution

What were the key educational and cultural developments?
Universities and Scholasticism

Cathedrals and a New Architectural Style

Troubadour Poetry

Why have the later Middle Ages been seen as a time of calamity and crisis?
The Great Famine and the Black Death

The Hundred Years' War

Challenges to the Church

Peasant and Urban Revolts

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Hildegard of Bingen
Listening to the Past: An Arab View of the Crusades

Chapter 15
Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation, 1350-1600
What were the major cultural developments of the Renaissance?
Wealth and Power in Renaissance Italy

The Rise of Humanism

Christian Humanism

Printing and Its Social Impact

Art and the Artist

What were the key social hierarchies in Renaissance Europe?
Race and Slavery

Wealth and the Nobility

Gender Roles

How did the nation-states of western Europe evolve in this period?
France

England

Spain

The Habsburgs

What were the central beliefs of Protestant reformers?
Criticism of the Church

Martin Luther

Protestant Thought and Its Appeal

The Radical Reformation and the German Peasants' War

Marriage and Women's Roles

The Reformation and German Politics

England's Shift Toward Protestantism

Calvinism and Its Moral Standards

How did the Catholic Church respond to the advent of Protestantism?
Papal Reforms and the Council of Trent

New Religious Orders

Why did religious violence escalate in this period?
French Religious Wars

Civil Wars in the Netherlands

The Great European Witch-Hunt

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Leonardo da Vinci

Listening to the Past: Martin Luther, On Christian Liberty

Chapter 16
The Acceleration of Global Contact, 1450-1600
How did trade link the peoples of Africa, Asia, and Europe prior to 1492?
The Trade World of the Indian Ocean

Peoples and Cultures of the Indian Ocean

Trade with Africa and the Middle East

Genoese and Venetian Middlemen

How and why did Europeans undertake voyages of expansion?
Causes of European Expansion

Technology and the Rise of Exploration

The Expanding Portuguese Empire

Christopher Columbus's Voyages to the Americas

Later Explorers

Spanish Conquest in the New World

What was the impact of conquest?
Colonial Administration

The Impact of European Settlement on the Lives of Indigenous Peoples

The Columbian Exchange

Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery

The Birth of the Global Economy

How did expansion shape cultural values and beliefs in Europe and the Americas?
New Ideas About Race

Michel de Montaigne and Cultural Curiosity

William Shakespeare and His Influence

Religious Conversion in the New World

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Zheng He
Listening to the Past: Columbus Describes His First Voyage

Global Trade: Silver

Chapter 17
European Power and Expansion, 1500-1750
How did European states respond to the crises of the seventeenth century?
Crises Among Peasants and the Urban Poor

The Return of Serfdom in Eastern Europe

The Thirty Years' War

Achievements in State Building

How did the absolutist monarchies of France and Spain fare in this era?
The Foundations of Absolutism

Louis XIV and Absolutism

Life at Versailles

French Finances

Louis XIV's Wars

The Decline of Absolutist Spain

How did absolutism develop in Austria, Prussia, and Russia?
The Austrian Habsburgs

Prussia in the Seventeenth Century

The Consolidation of Prussian Absolutism

Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow

The Tsar and His People

The Reforms of Peter the Great

Where and why did constitutionalism triumph?
Absolutist Claims in England

Religious Divides and Civil War

The Puritan Protectorate

Restoration of the English Monarchy

Constitutional Monarchy

The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century

How did European nations compete to build new colonies in the Americas?
Colonial Expansion of Northern European Powers

Mercantilism and Colonial Wars

Life in the Colonies

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: A German Account of Russian Life

Individuals in Society: Gluckel of Hameln

Chapter 18
New Worldviews and Ways of Life, 1540-1790
What was revolutionary about the Scientific Revolution?
Scientific Thought Through the Early 1500s

Origins of the Scientific Revolution

Copernican Hypothesis

Proving Copernicus Right

Newton's Synthesis

Bacon, Descartes, and the Scientific Method

Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry

Science and Society

What were the core principles of the Enlightenment?
The Emergence of the Enlightenment

The Influence of the Philosophes

Enlightenment Across Europe

Urban Culture and Life in the Public Sphere

Late Enlightenment

What did enlightened absolutism mean?
Reforms in Prussia, Russia, and Austria

Jewish Life and the Limits of Enlightened Absolutism

How did consumerism and the Atlantic economy influence Enlightenment ideas?
A Revolution in Consumption and Daily Life

The Atlantic Economy

Identities and Communities of the Atlantic World

Race and the Enlightenment

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish Enlightenment

Listening to the Past: Denis Diderot's "Supplement to Bougainville's Voyage"

Chapter 19
Africa and the World, 1400-1800
What kinds of states and societies coexisted in early modern West Africa?
The West Coast: Senegambia and Benin

The Sudan: Songhai, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland

The Lives of the People of West Africa

Trade and Industry

How did the arrival of outsiders impact East Africa ?
Muslim and European Incursions in Ethiopia, ca. 1500-1630

The Swahili City-States and the Arrival of the Portuguese, ca. 1500-1600

What were the causes and consequences of the transatlantic slave trade?
The Institution of Slavery in Africa

The Transatlantic Slave Trade

Impact on African Societies

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: Duarte Barbosa on the Swahili City-States

Global Trade: Slaves

Individuals in Society: Olaudah Equiano

Chapter 20
The Islamic World Powers, 1300-1800

How were the three Islamic empires established?
The Ottoman Turkish Empire's Expansion

The Ottoman Empire's Use of Slaves

The Safavid Empire in Persia

The Mughal Empire in India

What characterized the cultural flowering of the Islamic empires?

The Arts

City and Palace Building

Gardens

Intellectual Advances and Religious Trends

Coffeehouses and Their Social Impact

How were non-Muslims treated in the Islamic empires?
How did shifts in global trading patterns affect the Islamic empires?
European Rivalry for Trade in the Indian Ocean

Merchant Networks in the Islamic Empires

From the British East India Company to the British Empire in India

What factors led to the decline of central power in the Islamic empires?
Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Hurrem

Listening to the Past: Katib Chelebi on Tobacco

Chapter 21
Continuity and Change in East Asia, 1400-1800
What sort of state and society developed in China under the Ming?
The Rise of Zhu Yuanzhang and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty

Problems with the Imperial Institution

The Mongols and the Great Wall

The Examination Life

Everyday Life in Ming China

Ming Decline

How did the Manchus build on Ming accomplishments?

The Rise of the Manchus

Competent and Long-Lived Emperors

Imperial Expansion

How did war and political instability shape Japan in the Middle Ages?
Muromachi Culture

Civil War

The Victors: Nobunaga and Hideyoshi

What was life like in Japan during the Tokugawa peace?
Tokugawa Government

Commercialization and the Growth of Towns

The Life of the People in the Edo Period

How did the arrival of Europeans change the Asian maritime sphere?

Zheng He's Voyages

Piracy and Japan's Overseas Adventures

Europeans Enter the Scene

Christian Missionaries

Learning from the West

The Shifting International Environment in the Eighteenth Century

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Tan Yunxian, Woman Doctor

Listening to the Past: Keinen's Poetic Diary of the Korea Campaign

Chapter 22
Revolutions in the Atlantic World, 1775-1815
What factors combined to spark revolutions in the Atlantic world?
Social Change

Growing Demands for Liberty and Equality

The Seven Years' War

How did American colonists forge a new, independent nation?
The Origins of the Revolution

Independence from Britain

Framing the Constitution

What were the causes and consequences of the French Revolution?

Breakdown of the Old Order

The Formation of the National Assembly

Popular Uprising and the Rights of Man

A Constitutional Monarchy and Its Challenges

How and why did the French Revolution take a radical turn?
The International Response

The Second Revolution and the New Republic

Total War and the Terror

The Thermidorian Reaction and the Directory

How did Napoleon assume control of France and much of Europe?
Napoleon's Rule of France

Napoleon's Expansion in Europe

The Grand Empire and Its End

What led to the creation of the independent state of Haiti in 1804?
Revolutionary Aspirations in Saint-Domingue

The Outbreak of Revolt

The War of Haitian Independence

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: Abbe de Sieyes, "What Is the Third Estate?"

Individuals in Society: Toussaint L'Ouverture

Chapter 23
The Revolution in Energy and Industry, 1760-1850
How and why did Britain industrialize between 1780 and 1850?
Origins of the British Industrial Revolution

The First Factories

The Steam Engine Breakthrough

The Coming of the Railroads

Industry and Population

When and how did industrialization spread beyond Britain?
National and International Variations

The Challenge of Industrialization in Continental Europe

Agents of Industrialization

Government Support and Corporate Banking

The Situation Outside of Europe

What were the social consequences of industrialization?
The New Class of Factory Owners

The New Factory Workers

Work in Early Factories

Working Families and Children

The Sexual Division of Labor

The Early Labor Movement in Britain

The Impact of Slavery

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Josiah Wedgwood

Listening to the Past: The Testimony of Young Mine Workers

Chapter 24
Ideologies of Change in Europe, 1815-1914
How was European conservatism challenged between 1815 and 1848?
The European Balance of Power

Coerced Conservatism After 1815

Liberalism and the Middle Class

The Growing Appeal of Nationalism

The Birth of Socialism

What led to the Revolutions of 1848 and why did they fail?
Liberal Reform in Great Britain

Revolutions in France

The Revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe

How did nation building transform Italy, Germany, and Russia?
Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Unification of Italy

Bismarck and German Unification

The Modernization of Russia

How did urbanization impact cities, society, and ideas?
Taming the City

New Social Hierarchies and the Middle Classes

The People and Occupations of the Working Classes

The Changing Family

Science for the Masses

Cultural Shifts

How did nationalism and socialism shape politics before 1914?
Trends in Suffrage

The German Empire

Republican France

Great Britain and the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism

The Socialist Movement

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Giuseppe Garibaldi

Listening to the Past: Mrs. Beeton's Guide for Running a Victorian Household

Chapter 25
Africa, Southwest Asia, and the New Imperialism, 1800-1914
How did slavery, Islam, and imperialism shape Africa's development?
Trade and Social Change

Islamic Revival and Expansion in Africa

The Scramble for Africa, 1880-1914

Southern Africa in the Nineteenth Century

Colonialism's Impact After 1900

What were the causes and consequences of European empire building?
Causes of the New Imperialism

A "Civilizing Mission"

Critics of Imperialism

African and Asian Resistance

How and why did Ottoman and Egyptian leaders reform their states?
Decline and Reform in the Ottoman Empire

Egypt: From Reform to British Occupation

How did Western industrialization change the world economy?
The Rise of Global Inequality

The World Market

What explains global migration patterns in this period?
Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: A French Leader Defends Imperialism

Individuals in Society: Muhammad Ali

Global Trade: Indigo

Chapter 26
Asia in the Era of Imperialism, 1800-1914
What were the consequences of British rule for India?
The Evolution of British Rule

The Socioeconomic Effects of British Rule

The British and the Indian Educated Elite

Why were most but not all Southeast Asian societies colonized?
The Dutch East Indies

Mainland Southeast Asia

The Philippines

What factors contributed to China's decline in the nineteenth century?
The Opium War

Internal Problems

The Self-Strengthening Movement

Republican Revolution

How did Japan respond to the challenges posed by the West?
The "Opening" of Japan

The Meiji Restoration

Industrialization

Japan as an Imperial Power

Why did people move into and out of Asia in the nineteenth century?
Westerners to Asia

Asian Emigration

What common experiences did Asian societies share in this era?
Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Jose Rizal

Listening to the Past: Fukuzawa Yukichi, Escape from Asia

Chapter 27
Nation Building in the Americas and Australia, 1770-1914
How did Latin American nations fare after independence?
The Origins of the Revolutions Against Colonial Powers

Resistance, Rebellion, and Independence

The Aftermath of Independence

Neocolonialism and Its Socioeconomic Effects

The Impact of Immigrants from Europe, Asia, and the Middle East

How did the United States become a world power?
Manifest Destiny and Its Consequences for Native Americans

Women's Roles in White Settlements

Black Slavery in the South

The Civil War and Its Impact

Industrialization and the Formation of Large Corporations

Immigrants and Their Reception

What factors shaped the development of Canada?
How did Australia evolve from penal colony to nation?
A Distant Land Turned Penal Colony

An Economy Built on Wool, Gold, and Immigrant Labor

The Shaping of a Government and a National Identity

What common forces shaped the Americas and Australia?
Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: Mary Seacole on Her Early Life

Individuals in Society: Henry Meiggs, Promoter and Speculator

Chapter 28

World War and Revolution, 1914-1929
How did European conflicts lead to global war?
The Bismarckian System of Alliances

The Outbreak of War

Stalemate and Slaughter

The War Becomes Global

What made World War I a "total war"?
Mobilizing for Total War

The Social Impact

Growing Political Tensions

How did war lead to revolution in Russia?
The Fall of Imperial Russia

The Provisional Government

Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution

Dictatorship and Civil War

What were the global consequences of the war?
The End of the War

The Treaty of Versailles

American Rejection of the Versailles Treaty

How did leaders seek to re-establish peace and stability?
Germany and the Western Powers

Hope in Foreign Affairs

Hope in Democratic Government

How were postwar anxieties reflected in art and science?
Uncertainty in Philosophy and Religion

The New Physics

Freudian Psychology

Twentieth-Century Literature

Modern Architecture, Art, and Music

Movies and Radio

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: The Experience of War

Individuals in Society: Vera Brittain

Chapter 29
Nationalism in Asia, 1914-1939
How did World War I stimulate nationalism in Asia?
Asian Reaction to the War in Europe

The Mandates System

Nationalism's Appeal

What forces shaped nationalism in the Middle East?
The Arab Revolt

The Turkish Revolution

Modernization Efforts in Persia and Afghanistan

Gradual Independence in the Arab States

Arab-Jewish Tensions in Palestine

What characterized the Indian independence movement?
British Promises and Repression

The Roots of Militant Nonviolence

Gandhi's Resistance Campaign in India

What nationalist struggles emerged in East and Southeast Asia?
The Rise of Nationalist China

China's Intellectual Revolution

From Liberalism to Ultranationalism in Japan

Japan Against China

Striving for Independence in Southeast Asia

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Listening to the Past: Resolution of the General Syrian Congress at Damascus

Individuals in Society: Ning Lao, a Chinese Working Woman
Chapter 30
The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945
Why did the Great Depression spread around the world?
The Economic Crisis

Mass Unemployment

The New Deal in the United States

The European Response to the Depression

Worldwide Effects

How did totalitarianism differ from conservative authoritarianism?
Conservative Authoritarianism

Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships

What characterized StalinÕs rule in the Soviet Union?
From Lenin to Stalin

The Five-Year Plans

Life and Culture in Soviet Society

Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges

How did Italian fascism develop?
The Seizure of Power

The Regime in Action

What were the goals of Hitler and his Nazi regime?

The Roots of Nazism

Hitler's Road to Power

The Nazi State and Society

Hitler's Popularity

Aggression and Appeasement, 1933-1939

What led to World War II and how did the Allies prevail?
Hitler's Empire in Europe, 1939-1942

The Holocaust

Japan's Asian Empire

The Grand Alliance

The War in Europe, 1942-1945

The War in the Pacific, 1942-1945

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Primo Levi

Listening to the Past: Ultranationalist Pamphlet for Japanese Students

Chapter 31
Global Recovery and Division Between Superpowers, 1945 to the Present
What were the causes of the Cold War?
The Origins of the Cold War

West Versus East

How did western Europe recover after World War II, and why did progress stall?
The Postwar Challenge

Building Europe and Decolonization

The Changing Class Structure and Social Reform

Economic and Social Dislocation, 1970-1990

How did the Soviet Union dominate eastern Europe in the postwar era?
Stalin's Last Years

Limited De-Stalinization and Stagnation

The Impact of Reform on Everyday Life

The Gorbachev Era

The Revolutions of 1989

The End of the Cold War and Soviet Disintegration

What factors shaped social and political developments in postwar America?
America's Economic Boom and Civil Rights Revolution

Youth and the Counterculture

The Vietnam War

Detente and a Return to Cold War Tensions

How did Japan become a global power after its defeat in World War II?
Japan's American Revolution

"Japan, Inc."

Japan in the Post-Cold War World

What opportunities and challenges did Europe face after the Cold War?
Common Patterns and Problems

Recasting Russia Without Communism

Postcommunist Reconstruction in Eastern Europe

Unity and Identity in Western Europe

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Global Trade: Oil

Listening to the Past: A Solidarity Leader Speaks from Prison

Individuals in Society: V‡clav Havel

Chapter 32
Independence, Progress, and Conflict in Asia and the Middle East, 1945 to the Present
What explains East Asia's economic success after World War II?
The Communist Victory in China

Mao's China

The Limits of Reform

The Asian "Economic Tigers"

Political and Economic Progress in Southeast Asia

The Reunification of Vietnam

How have India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh fared since independence?

The End of British India

Pakistan and the Creation of Bangladesh

India Since Independence

How has religion shaped Middle Eastern politics since 1945?
The Arab-Israeli Conflict

The Palestinian Quest for Independence

Egypt: Arab World Leader

A Fractured Lebanon

Challenges to Turkey's Secularism

Revolution and War in Iran and Iraq

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Liu Xiaobo

Listening to the Past: Aung San Suu Kyi, "Freedom from Fear"

Chapter 33
The Global South: Latin America and Africa, 1945 to the Present
How did Latin American states develop after World War II?
Economic Nationalism in Mexico and Brazil

Communist Revolution in Cuba

From Authoritarianism to Democracy in Latin America

Pan-Latin American Unity

What factors influenced decolonization in sub-Saharan Africa?
The Growth of African Nationalism

Achieving Independence with New Leaders

Ghana Shows the Way

French-Speaking Regions

What common features characterize independent African states since 1960?
Striving for National Unity

Nigeria, Africa's Giant

The Struggle in Southern Africa

Political Reform in Africa Since 1990

How have writers depicted the experience of the emerging world?
Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: Eva Peron

Listening to the Past: Nelson Mandela, The Struggle for Freedom in South Africa

Chapter 34
A New Era in World History

How has global politics changed since 1989?
The United Nations

Preemptive War in Iraq

Complexity and Violence in a Multipolar World

The Terrorist Threat

Weapons of Mass Destruction

What are the consequences of increasing global interdependence?
Multinational Corporations

Industrialization and Modernization

Agriculture and the Green Revolution

The Economics and Politics of Globalization

What are the causes and consequences of worldwide urbanization?
Rapid Urbanization

Overcrowding and Shantytowns

Rich and Poor

Urban Migration and the Family

Urbanization and Agriculture

How have developments in science and technology changed the world?
The Medical Revolution

Population Change: Balancing the Numbers

Global Epidemics

Environmentalism

Mass Communication

What social problems do women and children face?
Women: The Right to Equality

Children: The Right to Childhood

Connections

Chapter Study Guide

Individuals in Society: The Dalai Lama

Listening to the Past: The United Nations Millennium Project Report

Global Trade: Arms

Chapter Endnotes

Index

Supplemental Materials

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Understanding World Societies, Combined Volume A Brief History

Understanding World Societies, Combined Volume A Brief History

9781457618673

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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