9780131127159

This comprehensive and completely up-to-date book provides a straightforward introduction to terrorism that helps readers better understand this complex subject.The book identifies terrorist groups, reviews terrorist tactics, and examines police and government responses to reduce or eliminate the incidence of terrorism. Fully updated to include coverage of Al Qaeda, suicide bombers, specific threats posed by weapons of mass destruction, and the latest counter-terrorism strategies,Understanding Terrorism: Groups, Strategies and Responses2e brings together the latest scholarship and coverage of the latest world events to bring you the most complete and most current introduction to terrorism book currently available.Reaches a broad audience from the criminal justice professional to the vigilant civilian.

List of Tables
List of Figures
Preface
Acknowledgements
Concepts of Terror and Terrorism
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Definitional Problems and Terrorism
Morality of Terrorism
Definitions of Terrorism
Terrorist Apologies
Terrorist Atrocities
Purpose of Terrorism
Conclusions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
Historical Antecedents of Terrorism and Violence
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Sicarii and Zealots
The Assassins and Other Secret Societies
Narodnaya Volya
The Anarchist Tradition
Terrorism in the United States
Puerto Rican Independence
The Jewish Defense League (JDL)
The Ideological Left
The Ideological Right
Single Issue Terrorist
Conclusions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
Violence and Terrorism: The Role of the Mass Media
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Contagion Theory or the Copycat Syndrome
Propaganda Value and the Deed
United States
Law Enforcement
Censorship and Terrorism
Conclusions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
The Palestine Question and al Qaeda
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Palestine Resistance Movement
Palestinian Extremism and the 1973 War
Rejectionist Front: Historical Preview
Invasion of Lebanon
Hizballah
Palestinian Authority
HAMAS and Islamic Jihad
Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades
Al Qaeda
Conclusions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations: The A List
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Palestinian Groups
The Philippines and Southeast Asia
Algerian Groups
Religious Cults
European Groups
Colombia
Peru
Central Asia
Iran
Conclusions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
The Dynamics of Hostage Taking and Negotiation
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Early History of Hostage Taking
Typologies of Hostage Takers
Time, Trust, and the Stockholm Syndrome
London Syndrome
Guidelines for Hostage Events
U.S. Experience: Hostage Rescue
The Good Guys
Other Rescue Attempts
Surviving Hostage Situations
Conclusions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
Contemporary Terrorism and Bombing
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Historical Perspective
Effects of an Explosion
Velocity and Explosives
Vehicle Bombs
Letter Bombs
Bombings Aboard Aircraft
Conclusions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
Suicide Bombers: A Global Problem
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Defining the Problem
Suicide Bombers in the Mideast
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
Sikh Terrorism
Kashmiri Suicide Bombers
Kurdish Suicide Bombers: The PKK
Al Qaeda
Chechen Suicide Bombers
Other Suicidal Terrorist Groups
Summary
Conclusions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
Counterterrorist Measures: The Response
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Security Measures
Intelligence Function
Counterterrorism Operations: Retaliation and Preemption
Covert Military Operations: Proactive Measures
Counterterrorist Operations: Reactive Measures
Special Operations
National Guard
HRT and NEST
Chemical and Biological Terrorism
United Kingdom and Israel
Legal Framework: Apprehension, Prosecution, and Punishment
Conclusions
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
Future of Terrorism
Chapter Objectives
Introduction
Israel versus Palestinian Resistance Movement
Islamic Extremism
Low-Intensity Warfare
Super Terrorism
Influence of Terrorism on Democracy
Key Terms
Review Questions
Websites
Endnotes
Map References
Glossary of Te
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Understanding Terrorism: Groups Strategies and Responses,2e presents the essential lessons contained in the books, articles, and terrorist literature that have had the greatest impact upon the analysis of the terrorist strategy. The text is a synthesis in the respect that it brings together the divergent theories and methods that make up this dynamic field of scholarly inquiry. The book offers the various analytical approaches to the study of terrorism that identifies terrorist groups, reviews terrorist tactics, and examines police and governmental responses to reduce or eliminate the incidence of terrorism.The text is written for all those who will have to deal with future terrorist events and who today are struggling to understand the motivation of contemporary terrorist groups. This list includes criminal justice students, professionals in the criminal justice system, and any student wishing to gain more information on the phenomenon of "terrorism." To be well informed about terrorism, students and professionals in the field must be familiar with the concepts, techniques, and theories drawn from political science, social psychology, and sociology as well as from the traditional criminal justice literature. The scholars who have assembled the knowledge on terrorism are obliged to relate their concepts of terrorism to the solution of the terrorist problem. The students and professionals in the field who must eventually confront the problem of terrorism are expected. to keep up with new developments in terrorist theory and strategies, and to possess special training, knowledge, and skills. Future trends indicate the necessity of increasing personal and scholarly awareness of the threat of terrorism to global peace. Thus, it is hoped that this book provides the information and knowledge to understand better the concept of terrorism.However, terrorism must be kept in perspective. The terrorist threat is in reality a multiplicity of real and imagined threats, each originating from a different source and each presenting :a separate set of tactical and political problems. For example, the military .retaliatory bombing raid against Afghanistan for assisting in terrorist attacks against American targets is viewed as deterrent retaliation. At the same time, few policymakers would suggest that the U.S. military send F-111 bombers to attack the headquarters of the KKK, HAMAS, or Hizballah base camps in Southern Lebanon. In addition, most terrorists are not career criminals, insane fanatics, or government surrogates, but ordinary individuals driven to -violence by what they see as unacceptable social conditions or by radical religious political beliefs.Clearly, the most confounding problem in the study of terrorism is arriving at a definition acceptable to all. Few people want to be called terrorists; terrorism is essentially what the other side has done. This is why there is no satisfactory political definition and no common academic consensus as to the essence of terrorism. For example, were the bombers of the Marine Compound in Beirut "terrorist criminals" or heroic "freedom fighters?" Which terms best describe the PIRA or the Tamil Tigers? Where there is political consensus, problems of definition are moot. Where there is no political consensus, definitions have a tendency to polarize differences. Ours are freedom fighters and commandos; yours are terrorist fanatics. So numerous are the definitions of terrorism proposed by scholars and policymakers that recently the focus of terrorism has shifted to the intimidation of "soft" civilian targets as an "unbiased" technique for defining terrorism. This textbook presents and compares several of the more popular definitions in the belief that each contributes to the growth of understanding terrorism.The plan of the book is presented in the following manner. The fundamental concepts and theories of terrorism are summarized in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 briefly

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Understanding Terrorism : Groups, Strategies, and Responses

Understanding Terrorism : Groups, Strategies, and Responses

0131127152

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