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| Note: Each chapter concludes with Putting It All Together, Chapter Summary, Key Terms, Review Questions, and Practice Problems | |
| Introduction to Psychological Research | |
| Introduction to the Scientific Method | |
| Introduction (Or Why Am I Here?) | |
| The Scientific Method | |
| The Goals of Psychological Research Scientific Hypotheses | |
| The Flaws in Scientific Research | |
| The... MORE | |
| Beginning the Design: Asking the Question | |
| Testing a Hypothesis by Discovering a Relationship | |
| The Role of Statistical Procedures | |
| Summary of the Flow of a Study Experimental Research Methods | |
| Descriptive Research Methods | |
| Understanding Reliability and Validity | |
| Designing an Example Study | |
| Critically Evaluating the Study | |
| Understanding Reliability | |
| Understanding Validity | |
| Minimizing Threats to Validity and Reliability | |
| Issues of Validity and Reliability in Descriptive Studies | |
| Issues of Validity and Reliability in Experiments | |
| Design Issues and Ethical Concerns in Experiments | |
| Two Example Studies | |
| Designing the Independent Variable | |
| Designing the Dependent Variable | |
| Controlling Extraneous Variables | |
| Demand Characteristics | |
| Research Involving Animals Research Ethics | |
| Design Issues and Ethical Concerns in Descriptive Research | |
| The Uses of Descriptive Research | |
| Observational Studies | |
| Field Surveys | |
| Types of Sampling Techniques | |
| Designing Interviews and Questionnaires | |
| Ethical Issues in Descriptive Research | |
| Descriptive Statistics | |
| Summarizing Research | |
| Using Frequency Distributions and Percentiles | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Types of Measurement Scales | |
| Creating Simple Frequency Distributions | |
| Types of Simple Frequency Distributions | |
| Creating Relative Frequency Distributions | |
| Types of Relative Frequency Distributions | |
| Computing Percentile | |
| A Word About Grouped Frequency Distributions | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Summarizing Research Using Measures of Central Tendency | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Understanding Central Tendency | |
| The Mode | |
| The Median | |
| The Mean | |
| Using the Mean in Research Summarizing | |
| Research Using Central Tendency | |
| Designing a Powerful Experiment | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Summarizing Research Using Measures of Variability | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Understanding Variability | |
| Describing the Sample Variance | |
| Describing the Sample Standard Deviation | |
| The Population Standard Deviation and the Population Variance | |
| Variance as the Error in Predictions | |
| Summarizing Research Using the Mean and Standard Deviation | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Summarizing Research Using z-Scores | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Understanding z-Scores | |
| Interpreting z-Scores: The z-Distribution | |
| Using the z-Distribution to Compare | |
| Different Distributions | |
| Using the z-Distribution to Describe Individual Scores | |
| Using z-Scores to Describe Sample Means | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Correlational Research and Correlational Statistics | |
| Correlational Research and the Correlation Coefficient | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Understanding Correlational Research | |
| Distinguishing Characteristics of Correlational Analysis | |
| Types of Relationships | |
| Strength of the Relationship Using the Correlation Coefficient in Research | |
| Computing the Correlation Coefficient | |
| Creating a Powerful Correlational Design | |
| Correlations in the Population | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Using Linear Regression to Predict Scores | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Understanding Linear Regression | |
| The Linear Regression Equation | |
| Describing Errors in Prediction | |
| When Using the Linear Regression Equation Predicting Variability: The Proportion of Variance Accounted | |
| For A Word About Multiple Correlation and Regression | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Introduction to Inferential Statistics | |
| Probability and Making Decisions | |
| About Chance Events More Statistical Notation | |
| The Logic of Probability | |
| Computing Probability | |
| Obtaining Probability From the Standard Normal Curve | |
| Making Decisions Based on Probability | |
| Making Decisions About a Sample Mean | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Overview of Statistical Hypothesis | |
| Testing: The z-Test | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| The Role of Inferential Statistics in Research | |
| Setting Up Inferential Procedures | |
| Testing a Mean When sX is Known: The z-Test Interpreting zobt | |
| Summary of Statistical Hypothesis | |
| Testing The One-Tailed Test | |
| Errors in Statistical Decision Making | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| The Single-Sample Study: Testing a Sample Mean or Correlation Coefficient | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Understanding the t-Test for a Single-Sample Mean | |
| Calculating the Single-Sample t-Test | |
| Estimating the Population m by Computing a Confidence Interval | |
| Summary of the t-Test | |
| Significance Tests for Correlation Coefficients | |
| Summary of Testing a Correlation Coefficient | |
| Maximizing the Power of the t-Test and Correlation Coefficient | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Designing and Analyzing Two-Sample Experiments | |
| The Two-Sample Between-Subjects Experiment and the Independent-Samples t-Test | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Designing the Two-Sample Experiment | |
| Controlling Participant Variables in a Between-Subjects | |
| Design The Independent-Samples t-Test | |
| Describing the Relationship in a Two-Sample Experiment | |
| Power and the Independent Samples t-Test | |
| Eliminating Participants from the Data | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| The Two-Sample Within-Subjects Experiment and the Dependent-Samples t-Test | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Designs That Directly Control Participant Variables | |
| Choosing a Design | |
| The Dependent-Samples t-Test Power and the Dependent-Samples t-Test | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Designing and Analyzing Complex Experiments | |
| The One-Way Between-Subjects Experiment and the One-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| Designing Multilevel Experiments | |
| Overview of ANOVA | |
| Components of the F-Statistic | |
| Computing the F-Ratio | |
| Performing Post Hoc Comparisons | |
| Summary of the Steps in Performing a One-Way ANOVA | |
| Describing the Relationship in a One-Way ANOVA Power and the ANOVA | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| The Two-Way Between-Subjects Experiment and the Two-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| More Statistical Notation | |
| The Reason for Multifactor Studies | |
| Overview of the Two-Way ANOVA | |
| Computing the Two-Way ANOVA | |
| Interpreting the Two-Way Experiment | |
| Summary of the Steps in Performing a Two-Way ANOVA | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Within-Subjects Experiments and Other Multifactor Designs | |
| Controlling Participant Variables in Complex Designs | |
| The One-Way Within-Subjects Analysis of Variance | |
| The Two-Way Within-Subjects Design | |
| The Two-Way Mixed Design | |
| The Three-Way Design | |
| The Test for Homogeneity of Variance: The Fmax Test | |
| Other Ways to Compare the Means in a Factorial Design | |
| Going Beyond the Analysis of Variance | |
| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
| Summary of Formulas | |
| Alternative Approaches to Design and Analysis | |
| Quasi-Experiments and Single-Subject Designs | |
| Understanding Quasi-Experiments | |
| Quasi-Independent Variables | |
| Involving Participant Variables | |
| Quasi-Independent Variables | |
| Involving Environmental Ev | |
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