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Understanding Public Policy

ISBN: 9780136391050 | 0136391052
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/1998

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SummaryTable of Contents
Designed to provide students with concrete tools for not only understanding public policy in general, but for analyzing specific public policies, this widely-adopted introduction to the field focuses on what policies governments pursue, why governments pursue the policies they do, and what the consequences of these policies are.
... MORE
PREFACEvii
1 POLICY ANALYSIS What Governments Do, Why They Do It, and What Difference It Makes
1(12)
What Is Public Policy?
2(2)
Why Study Public Policy?
4(2)
What Can Be Learned from Policy Analysis?
6(2)
Policy Analysis and Policy Advocacy
8(1)
Policy Analysis and the Quest for Solutions to America's Problems
9(2)
Policy Analysis as Art and Craft
11(1)
Bibliography
11(2)
2 MODELS OF POLITICS Some Help in Thinking about Public Policy
13(26)
Models for Policy Analysis
14(1)
Institutionalism: Policy as Institutional Output
15(2)
Process: Policy as Political Activity
17(2)
Group Theory: Policy as Group Equilibrium
19(2)
Elite Theory: Policy as Elite Preference
21(3)
Rationalism: Policy as Maximum Social Gain
24(3)
Incrementalism: Policy as Variations on the Past
27(2)
Game Theory: Policy as Rational Choice in Competitive Situations
29(3)
Public Choice Theory: Policy as Collective Decision Making by Self-Interested Individuals
32(3)
Systems Theory: Policy as System Output
35(1)
Models: How to Tell If They Are Helping or Not
36(2)
Bibliography
38(1)
3 CIVIL RIGHTS Elite and Mass Interaction
39(35)
Elite and Mass Attitudes and Race
40(2)
The Development of Civil Rights Policy
42(2)
Mass Resistance to Desegragation
44(3)
Busing and Racial Balancing in Schools
47(2)
The Civil Rights Movement
49(4)
Public Policy and Affirmative Action
53(2)
The Supreme Court and Affirmative Action
55(4)
Mass Opinion and Affirmative Action
59(2)
Gender Equality and the Constitution
61(2)
Gender Equality and the Economy
63(4)
Abortion and the Right to Life
67(3)
Summary
70(2)
Bibliography
72(2)
4 CRIMINAL JUSTICE Rationality and Irrationality in Public Policy
74(35)
Crime in America
75(3)
Crime and Deterrence
78(2)
Why Crime Pays
80(3)
Police and Law Enforcement
83(2)
Federalizing Crime Fighting
85(2)
Crime and Guns
87(3)
The Drug War
90(5)
Crime and the Courts
95(4)
RICO versus Liberty
99(1)
Prisons and Correctional Policies
100(3)
Capital Punishment
103(3)
Summary
106(2)
Bibliography
108(1)
5 HEALTH AND WELFARE The Search for Rational Strategies
109(36)
Rationality and Irrationality in the Welfare State
110(2)
Poverty in America
112(2)
Who Are the Poor?
114(2)
Why Are the Poor Poor?
116(4)
The Preventive Strategy: Social Security
120(1)
Evaluation: Intended and Unintended Consequences of Social Security
121(2)
Social Security Reform?
123(1)
The Alleviative Strategy: Public Assistance
124(2)
Evaluation: Conflicting Values and Strategies in Public Assistance
126(2)
Welfare Reform
128(2)
Homelessness and Public Policy
130(2)
Health Care in America
132(3)
Evaluation: Health Care Access and Costs
135(4)
Health Care Reform Strategies
139(3)
Summary
142(2)
Bibliography
144(1)
6 EDUCATION The Group Struggle
145(24)
Multiple Goals in Educational Policy
146(1)
Battling over the Basics
146(4)
The Educational Groups
150(2)
The Federal Government's Role in Education
152(3)
Educational Reform and Parental Choice
155(3)
Battles over School Finances
158(1)
Public Policy and Higher Education
159(3)
Groups in Higher Education
162(1)
Reading, Writing, and Religion
163(3)
Summary
166(2)
Bibliography
168(1)
7 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Externalities and Interests
169(26)
Public Choice and the Environment
170(3)
Environmental Externalities
173(6)
Interest Group Effects
179(3)
Science versus Environmentalism
182(4)
The Nuclear Industry Meltdown
186(1)
Politicians and Bureaucrats: Regulating the Environment
187(3)
Alternative Solutions
190(2)
Summary
192(2)
Bibliography
194(1)
8 DEFENSE POLICY Strategies for Serious Games
195(23)
National Security as a Serious Game
196(1)
Confronting Nuclear Threats
196(2)
Arms Control Games
198(2)
Post-Cold War Nuclear Deterrence and Defense
200(2)
NATO and European Security
202(3)
Post-Cold War Regional Threats
205(2)
When to Use Military Force?
207(2)
Determining Military Force Levels
209(3)
The Use of Force: The Gulf War
212(3)
Summary
215(2)
Bibliography
217(1)
9 ECONOMIC POLICY Incrementalism at Work
218(22)
Incrementalism in Fiscal and Monetary Policy
219(1)
Economic Theories as Policy Guides
219(4)
Incrementalism and Government Spending
223(2)
"Uncontrollable" Government Spending
225(1)
Changing Budget Priorities: Challenging Incrementalism
226(1)
The Burdens of Government Debt
227(5)
The Formal Budgetary Process
232(5)
Summary
237(2)
Bibliography
239(1)
10 TAX POLICY Battling the Special Interests
240(22)
Interest Groups and Tax Policy
241(1)
The Federal Tax System
242(4)
Taxation, Fairness, and Growth
246(4)
Tax Reform and the Special Interests
250(2)
Compromising with the Special Interests
252(1)
Return of the Special Interests
253(2)
Clinton, Deficits, and Taxes
255(2)
Tax Reform and the Flat Tax
257(3)
Summary
260(1)
Bibliography
261(1)
11 INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND IMMIGRATION Elite-Mass Conflict
262(21)
The Global Economy
264(1)
Changing Elite Preferences for World Trade
265(2)
Elite Gains from Trade
267(4)
Mass Losses from Trade
271(3)
Elite-Mass Differences over Immigration
274(2)
National Immigration Policy
276(5)
Summary
281(1)
Bibliography
282(1)
12 AMERICAN FEDERALISM Institutional Arrangements and Public Policy
283(19)
American Federalism
284(1)
Why Federalism?
284(2)
Politics and Institutional Arrangements
286(2)
American Federalism: Variations on the Theme
288(5)
Money and Power Flow to Washington
293(2)
A Devolution Revolution?
295(1)
Institutions and Public Policy
296(3)
Summary
299(2)
Bibliography
301(1)
13 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS A Systems Analysis of State Policies
302(14)
Comparing Public Policies of the American States
303(1)
Policy Responsiveness and the Median Voter
303(3)
Economic Resources and Public Policy
306(1)
Politics and Public Policy
306(3)
Parties and Policy in the States
309(4)
The Political System as a Conversion Mechanism
313(1)
Summary
313(2)
Bibliography
315(1)
14 THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS Getting inside the System
316(21)
The Policy Process: How Policies Are Made
317(1)
Identifying Policy Issues: Public Opinion
317(2)
Identifying Policy Issues: Elite Opinion
319(2)
Agenda Setting and "Nondecisions"
321(1)
Agenda Setting and Mobilizing Opinion: The Mass Media
322(3)
Formulating Policy
325(3)
Policy Legitimation: The Proximate Policymakers
328(1)
Party Influence on Public Policy
328(1)
Policy Implementation: The Bureaucracy
329(4)
Policy Evaluation: Impressionistic versus Systematic
333(1)
Summary
333(2)
Bibliography
335(2)
15 POLICY EVALUATION Finding Out What Happens after a Law Is Passed
337(20)
Does the Government Know What It Is Doing?
338(1)
Policy Evaluation: Assessing the Impact of Public Policy
338(2)
The Symbolic Impact of Policy
340(2)
Program Evaluation: What Governments Usually Do
342(1)
Program Evaluation: What Governments Can Do
343(2)
Federal Evaluation: The General Accounting Office
345(1)
Experimental Policy Research
346(2)
Program Evaluation: Why It Fails So Often
348(1)
How Bureaucrats Explain Negative Findings
349(1)
Why Government Programs Are Seldom Terminated
350(2)
Politics as a Substitute for Analysis
352(1)
The Limits of Public Policy
353(2)
Bibliography
355(2)
INDEX357

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