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Understanding the Political World : A Comparative Introduction to Political Science

ISBN: 9780801318528 | 0801318521
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
Pub. Date: 9/1/1997

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Table of Contents
Boxed Featuresxix(2)
Prefacexxi(4)
To the Readerxxv(2)
About the Authorxxvii
PART ONE One Knowing the Political World1(24)
... MORE3(22)
On Politics
3(2)
Types of Political Knowledge
5(4)
Description
7(1)
Explanation
7(1)
Prescription
8(1)
Sources of Political Knowledge
9(5)
Authority
9(3)
Personal Thought
12(1)
Science
13(1)
Political Science
14(4)
Political "Science"?
18(3)
Criticisms of Political Science as a "Science"
18(2)
Political Science as a Means of Understanding the Political World
20(1)
Where Is This Book Going?
21(1)
For Further Consideration
22(1)
For Further Reading
22(3)
PART TWO Political Behavior25(78)
CHAPTER 2 Political Beliefs
27(24)
Individual Political Beliefs
28(1)
Belief Systems
29(4)
Belief Systems among Mass Publics
30(2)
Belief Systems among Elites
32(1)
Political Culture
33(4)
National Character Studies
34(1)
Survey Research
35(2)
Political Ideology
37(10)
Key Issues
38(1)
Conservatism
39(1)
Classical Liberalism
40(1)
Socialism
41(5)
Some Further Points about "Isms"
46(1)
Looking Ahead
47(1)
For Further Consideration
47(1)
For Further Reading
48(3)
CHAPTER 3 Political Actions
51(26)
Individual Political Actions
52(8)
Modes of Political Activity
52(3)
Political Participation Studies
55(5)
Group Political Actions
60(1)
Political Interest Groups
61(6)
Activities of Political Interest Groups
61(3)
Constraints on a Group's Behavior
64(1)
Types of Interest Groups
65(2)
Political Parties
67(4)
Activities of Political Parties
67(4)
Doing Politics
71(1)
For Further Consideration
71(4)
For Further Reading
75(2)
CHAPTER 4 Influences on Beliefs and Actions
77(26)
The Environment
77(2)
Agents of Political Socialization
79(9)
The Family
81(2)
The Schools
83(1)
Peer Groups
84(1)
The Media and Culture
85(3)
Events
88(1)
Personal Traits
88(6)
Political "Personality"
94(6)
Personality
94(3)
Human Nature
97(3)
Concluding Observations
100(1)
For Further Consideration
101(1)
For Further Reading
102(1)
PART THREE Political Systems103(108)
CHAPTER 5 States and Nations
105(26)
The State
105(6)
A Legal Definition
106(2)
A Structural-Functional Definition
108(1)
The Domain of State Action
109(2)
The Nation
111(4)
The Political System
115(13)
Systems in General
115(1)
The Political System Defined
116(4)
Conceptualization of the Political System
120(4)
System Persistence
124(3)
The Utility of the Political Systems Approach
127(1)
Three Major Concepts: A Reprise
128(1)
For Further Consideration
128(1)
For Further Reading
129(2)
CHAPTER 6 Political Institutions I: Structures
131(24)
The Legislature
132(8)
Roles of the Legislature
132(3)
Structural Arrangements
135(2)
The Decline of Legislatures
137(3)
Executives
140(5)
Roles of Executives
141(1)
Structural Arrangements
142(2)
The Age of the Executive?
144(1)
The Administration
145(4)
Bureaucracy as One Form of Administration
145(1)
Administrative Functions and Power
146(3)
The Judiciary
149(3)
Aspects of Adjudication
149(1)
Judicial Structures
150(2)
Concluding Observations
152(1)
For Further Consideration
153(1)
For Further Reading
153(2)
CHAPTER 7 Political Institutions II: Institutional Arrangements
155(32)
Broad Taxonomies
156(1)
Democracies and Nondemocracies
157(9)
Defining Democracy
158(4)
Defining Nondemocracies
162(3)
A Democracy-Nondemocracy Continuum
165(1)
Constitutional and Nonconstitutional Regimes
166(4)
Constitutions
166(1)
Constitutional Regimes
167(2)
Nonconstitutional Regimes
169(1)
Areal Distribution of Power
170(2)
Unitary State
170(1)
Federation
170(1)
Confederation
171(1)
Forms of Executive-Legislative Relations
172(6)
Presidential Government
173(1)
Cabinet Government
174(1)
Hybrid Systems
175(1)
Council Systems
176(1)
Assembly Systems
176(2)
Which Form Is Optimal?
178(1)
Political Party Systems
178(6)
Two-Party Systems
180(1)
Multiparty Systems
181(1)
Dominant-Party Systems
182(1)
One-Party Systems
183(1)
No-Party Systems
183(1)
Classification and Clarity
184(1)
For Further Consideration
184(1)
For Further Reading
185(2)
CHAPTER 8 Political Economy
187(24)
Politics and Economics
187(1)
A Political-Economic Framework
188(7)
Factors, Firms, and Households Consumers
188(3)
Getting and Spending
191(1)
The State (and the World) Join In
192(3)
Two Ideal-type Political Economies
195(4)
The Market Economy: Total Private Control
196(1)
The Command Economy: Total State Control
197(2)
Key Problems for Each Ideal-type Political Economy
199(2)
Market Economy
199(2)
Command Economy
201(1)
The Mixed Economy
201(2)
Politics Plus Political Economy: The Other "Isms"
203(4)
The Three "Isms"
203(2)
The Real World
205(2)
Concluding Observations
207(1)
For Further Consideration
208(1)
For Further Reading
209(2)
PART FOUR Political Processes211(96)
CHAPTER 9 Politics as a Value Allocation Process
213(22)
The Elite Approach
214(3)
Key Concepts
214(1)
Major Theorists
214(2)
The Value Allocation Process
216(1)
The Prevalence of Elite-based Political Systems
216(1)
The Class Approach
217(6)
The Group Approach
223(2)
The Three Approaches Compared
225(7)
Which Approach Is Correct?
225(6)
Essential Similarities and Differences
231(1)
For Further Consideration
232(1)
For Further Reading
232(3)
CHAPTER 10 Political Communication
235(22)
Mediated Reality
236(1)
A Model of Political Communication
237(1)
Media of Political Communication
238(3)
Nonverbal versus Verbal Communication
238(1)
Face-to-Face Contact
238(1)
The Print Media
239(1)
The Wire Media
239(1)
The Broadcast Media
239(2)
Communicators and Receivers: Patterns and Impacts
241(10)
Government to the People
241(1)
People to the Government
242(1)
Media to the People
243(2)
Government to the Media
245(5)
Media to the Government
250(1)
Will the Communications Revolution Revolutionize Politics?
251(2)
Hot Multimedia: The Whole World Is Watching
253(1)
For Further Consideration
254(1)
For Further Reading
255(2)
CHAPTER 11 Change and Political Development
257(28)
Change
258(1)
Development
259(12)
Characteristics of "More Developed" Social Systems
259(2)
The Process of Development
261(4)
The Dynamics of Economic Development
265(6)
Political Development
271(9)
Characteristics of Political Development
271(1)
The Process of Political Development
272(1)
Political Institutionalization and Political Decay
273(6)
Political Development as Democratization
279(1)
Achieving Political Development
280(1)
For Further Consideration
281(1)
For Further Reading
282(3)
CHAPTER 12 Political Violence
285(22)
Violence
286(1)
Political Society
287(1)
Types of Political Violence
287(16)
State Violence against Individuals or Groups
288(1)
Individual Violence against an Individual
289(3)
Group Violence against an Individual
292(1)
Group Violence against a Group
293(1)
Individual or Group Violence against the State
294(9)
Evaluating Political Violence: Means and Ends
303(1)
For Further Consideration
304(1)
For Further Reading
305(2)
PART FIVE Politics among States307(152)
CHAPTER 13 Politics between States
309(30)
The Goals of States
310(3)
Realist and Idealist Perspectives on the State's "Motives"
312(1)
Mechanisms of Cooperation between States
313(6)
Diplomacy and Interstate Agreements
313(3)
International Law
316(1)
International Organizations
317(2)
Competition among States
319(9)
Balance of Power
319(2)
Balance of Terror
321(1)
Domination and Dependence
322(4)
Competition in the Post-Cold War World
326(2)
Violence between States
328(8)
Threat of Force
328(1)
Display of Force
329(1)
Use of Force
330(1)
War
330(2)
What Causes War?
332(3)
Is War Justifiable?
335(1)
For Further Consideration
336(1)
For Further Reading
337(2)
CHAPTER 14 The More Developed Countries in the Post-Cold War World
339(30)
An Introduction to the Next Three Chapters: Grouping the States in the Post-Cold War World
339(6)
The More Developed Countries
340(2)
The Developing Countries The Third World
342(1)
The Transitional Developed Countries
342(3)
Images of the More Developed Countries
345(1)
Political Culture
346(1)
Goal: Prosperity
347(9)
Mixed Economy
347(2)
Performance
349(2)
Problems
351(5)
Policy Responses
356(1)
Goal: Stability
356(7)
Political Institutionalization
357(1)
Order Maintenance
358(2)
Challenges to Stability
360(3)
Goal: Security
363(2)
The Era of Colonialism
363(1)
The Cold War Period
363(1)
Challenges to Security in the Post-Cold War Period
364(1)
The MDCs Overall
365(1)
For Further Consideration
366(1)
For Further Reading
367(2)
CHAPTER 15 The Transitional Developed Countries in the Post--Cold War World
369(36)
The Post-Communist Developed Countries
371(18)
Political Culture
371(3)
Under Communism
373(1)
Post-Communism
373(1)
Goal: Prosperity
374(4)
Under Communism
374(1)
Post-Communism
375(3)
Goal: Stability
378(7)
Under Communism
378(4)
Post-Communism
382(3)
Goal: Security
385(4)
Under Communism
385(3)
Post-Communism
388(1)
The Asian Newly Industrialized Countries
389(6)
Political Culture
389(1)
Goal: Prosperity
390(1)
Goal: Stability
391(3)
Goal: Security
394(1)
The Islamic States of the Middle East
395(7)
Political Culture
395(1)
Goal: Prosperity
396(2)
Goal: Stability
398(1)
Goal: Security
399(3)
The Future of the Transitional Developed Countries
402(3)
For Further Consideration
403(1)
For Further Reading
403(2)
CHAPTER 16 The Developing Countries in the Post--Cold War World
405(42)
Third World Images
405(5)
Developmental Classification
405(1)
Regional Classification
406(4)
Goal: Prosperity
410(17)
Obstacles to Prosperity
412(1)
Strategies for Prosperity
413(5)
Overall Performance
418(8)
Prognosis
426(1)
Goal: Security
427(3)
Interstate Violence
427(2)
Economic Security
429(1)
Goal: Stability
430(13)
Challenges to Political Institutionalization
430(2)
The Decline of Political Order
432(2)
Democratization
434(3)
Political Approaches
437(6)
Concluding Observations: It's Got to Get Better(?)
443(1)
For Further Consideration
444(1)
For Further Reading
445(2)
CHAPTER 17 The Last Chapter: Looking Backward, Looking Forward
447(12)
Political Outputs
448(1)
Political Structures
449(1)
Political Processes
449(1)
Political Change
450(1)
Direction
450(1)
Rate
451(1)
Controllability
451(1)
Looking Forward into the Twenty-first Century: Understanding and Action
451(4)
Challenge 1: The Quest for Harmony with Our Technology
452(1)
Challenge 2: The Quest for Harmony with Planet Earth
453(1)
Challenge 3: The Quest for Harmony with One Another
454(1)
Choosing a Future
455(4)
Appendix: Political Analysis459(14)
References473(14)
Credits487(2)
Index489

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