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Understanding Earth

by: Grotzinger, John; Jordan, Thomas H.; Press, Frank; Siever, Raymond

Understanding Earth

by: Grotzinger, John; Jordan, Thomas H.; Press, Frank; Siever, Raymond

ISBN 13:
9780716766827
ISBN 10:
0716766825
Edition: 5th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 02/24/2006
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Summary

The guide helps students prepare for lectures and exams, with a heavy emphasis on utlizing the book's Web resources.

Meet the Authors

Preface

xiii

PART I The Modern Theory and Practice of Geology

The Earth System

(17)

The Scientific Method

(1)

Earth's Shape and Surface

(1)

The Geologic Record

(2)

Peeling the Onion: Discovery of a Layered Earth

(4)

Earth as a System of Interacting Components

(4)

An Overview of Geologic Time

(4)

Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory

(26)

The Discovery of Plate Tectonics

(3)

The Mosaic of Plates

(8)

Rates and History of Plate Motions

(5)

The Grand Reconstruction

(2)

Mantle Convection: The Engine of Plate Tectonics

(5)

The Theory of Plate Tectonics and the Scientific Method

(2)

PART II Basic Geologic Processes

Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks

(32)

What Are Minerals?

(1)

The Atomic Structure of Matter

(1)

Chemical Reactions

(2)

Chemical Bonds

(1)

The Atomic Structure of Minerals

(3)

Rock-Forming Minerals

(4)

Physical Properties of Minerals

(6)

What Are Rocks?

(1)

lgneous Rocks

(1)

Sedimentary Rocks

(2)

Metamorphic Rocks

(1)

The Rock Cycle: Interactions Between the Plate Tectonic and Climate Systems

(2)

Minerals Occur in Rocks as Valuable Resources

(8)

3.1 Earth Issues Sulfide Minerals React to Form Acid Waters on Earth and Mars

(19)

Igneous Rocks: Solids from Melts

(24)

How Do lgneous Rocks Differ from One Another?

(5)

How Do Magmas Form?

(2)

Where Do Magmas Form?

(1)

Magmatic Differentiation

(3)

Forms of Magmatic Intrusions

(3)

Igneous Activity and Plate Tectonics

(9)

Sedimentation: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes

100

(30)

Sedimentary Rocks Are Produced by Surface Processes in the Rock Cycle

102

(4)

Sedimentary Basins: The Sinks for Sediments

106

(2)

Sedimentary Environments

108

(3)

Sedimentary Structures

111

(3)

Burial and Diagenesis: From Sediment to Rock

114

(2)

Classification of Siliciclastic Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

116

(3)

Classification of Chemical and Biological Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

119

(11)

5.1 Earth Policy Darwin's Coral Reefs and Atolls

124

(6)

Metamorphism: Modification of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure

130

(20)

Metamorphism and the Earth System

132

(1)

Causes of Metamorphism

133

(1)

Types of Metamorphism

134

(2)

Metamorphic Textures

136

(5)

Regional Metamorphism and Metamorphic Grade

141

(3)

Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism

144

(6)

Deformation: Modification of Rocks by Folding and Fracturing

150

(18)

Mapping Geologic Structure

152

(2)

How Rocks Deform

154

(2)

Basic Deformation Structures

156

(7)

Styles of Continental Deformation

163

(2)

Unraveling Geologic History

165

(3)

PART III Earth and Planets Through Geologic Time

Clocks in Rocks: Timing the Geologic Record

168

(20)

Reconstructing Geologic History from the Stratigraphic Record

170

(8)

Geologic Time Scale: Relative Ages

178

(2)

Measuring Absolute Time with Radioactive Clocks

180

(3)

Geologic Time Scale: Absolute Ages

183

(1)

Timing the Earth System

184

(4)

8.1 Earth Issues The Grand Canyon Sequence and Regional Correlation of Strata

176

(12)

Early History of the Terrestrial Planets

188

(26)

Origin of the Solar System

190

(2)

Early Earth: Formation of a Layered Planet

192

(3)

Diversity of the Planets

195

(2)

What's in a Face? The Age and Complexion of Planetary Surfaces

197

(7)

Mars Rocks!

204

(6)

Exploring the Solar System and Beyond

210

(4)

Evolution of the Continents

214

(26)

The Tectonics of North America

216

(5)

Tectonic Provinces Around the World

221

(3)

How Continents Grow

224

(2)

How Continents Are Modified

226

(9)

The Formation of Cratons

235

(1)

The Deep Structure of Continents

236

(4)

Geobiology: Life Interacts with the Earth

240

(30)

The Biosphere as a System

242

(4)

Microbes: Nature's Tiny Chemists

246

(8)

Geobiological Events in Earth's History

254

(11)

Astrobiology: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life

265

(5)

11.1 Earth Issues The Mother of all Mass Extinctions: Whodunit?

264

(6)

PART IV Internal Geosystems

Volcanoes

270

(26)

Volcanoes as Geosystems

272

(1)

Lavas and Other Volcanic Deposits

273

(4)

Eruptive Styles and Landforms

277

(5)

Geosystem Interactions

282

(2)

The Global Pattern of Volcanism

284

(4)

Volcanism and Human Affairs

288

(8)

12.1 Earth Policy Mount St. Helens: Dangerous but Predictable

292

(4)

Earthquakes

296

(28)

What Is an Earthquake?

298

(3)

Studying Earthquakes

301

(8)

Earthquakes and Patterns of Faulting

309

(4)

Earthquake Destructiveness

313

(7)

Can Earthquakes Be Predicted?

320

(4)

13.1 Earth Issues The Great Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004

312

(7)

13.2 Earth Issues Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety

319

(5)

Exploring Earth's Interior

324

(22)

Exploring the Interior with Seismic Waves

325

(3)

Layering and Composition of the Interior

328

(4)

Earth's Internal Heat and Temperature

332

(6)

The Three-Dimensional Structure of the Mantle

338

Earth's Magnetic Field and the Geodynamo

337

(9)

14.1 Earth Issues The Uplift of Scandinavia: Nature's Experiment with Isostasy

331

(7)

14.2 Earth Issues The Geoid: Shape of Planet Earth

338

(8)

PART V Surficial Geosystems

The Climate System

346

(24)

Components of the Climate System

348

(4)

The Greenhouse Effect

352

(3)

Climate Variability

355

(7)

The Carbon Cycle

362

(4)

Twentieth-Century Warming: Human Fingerprints of Global Change

366

(4)

15.1 Earth Issues Vostok and GRIP: Ice-Core Drilling in Antarctica and Greenland

358

(2)

15.2 Earth Issues EI Nino: The Wayward Child

360

(10)

Weathering, Erosion, and Mass Wasting: Interface Between Climate and Tectonics

370

(30)

Weathering, Erosion, Mass Wasting, and the Rock Cycle

372

(1)

Controls on Weathering

372

(1)

Chemical Weathering

373

(5)

Physical Weathering

378

(3)

Soil: The Residue of Weathering

381

(3)

Mass Wasting

384

(4)

Classification of Mass Movements

388

(7)

Understanding the Origins of Mass Movements

395

(5)

The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater

400

(26)

Flows and Reservoirs

402

(2)

Hydrology and Climate

404

(2)

The Hydrology of Runoff

406

(2)

Groundwater

408

(7)

Water Resources from Major Aquifers

415

(2)

Erosion by Groundwater

417

(1)

Water Quality

418

(3)

Water Deep in the Crust

421

(5)

17.1 Earth Issues Water Is a Precious Resource: Who Should Get It?

404

(12)

17.2 Earth Issues When Do Groundwaters Become Nonrenewable Resources?

416

(10)

Stream Transport: From Mountains to Oceans

426

(26)

Stream Valleys, Channels, and Floodplains

428

(4)

Drainage Networks

432

(3)

Where Do Channels Begin? How Running Water Erodes Solid Rock

435

(2)

How Stream Waters Flow and Transport Sediment

437

(3)

Deltas: The Mouths of Rivers

440

(3)

Streams as Geosystems

443

(9)

18.1 Earth Issues The Development of Cities on Floodplains

432

(20)

Winds and Deserts

452

(20)

Wind as a Flow of Air

454

(1)

Wind as a Transport Agent

455

(3)

Wind as an Agent of Erosion

458

(2)

Wind as a Depositional Agent

460

(4)

The Desert Environment

464

(8)

19.1 Earth Issues Martian Dust Storms and Dust Devils

457

(15)

Coastlines and Ocean Basins

472

(32)

Basic Differences Between Ocean Basins and Continents

474

(1)

Coastal Processes

474

(11)

Shorelines

485

(3)

Sea Level Change as a Measure of Global Warming

488

(3)

Continental Margins

491

(3)

The Deep Oceans

494

(6)

Ocean Sedimentation

500

(4)

20.1 Earth Policy The Great New Orleans Flood

480

(10)

20.2 Earth Issues Preserving Our Beaches

490

(14)

Glaciers: The Work of Ice

504

(26)

Ice as a Rock

506

(2)

How Glaciers Form

508

(3)

How Glaciers Move

511

(4)

Glacial Landscapes

515

(7)

Glaciations and the Climate System

522

(8)

21.1 Earth Issues Isostasy and Sea-Level Change

524

(6)

Landscapes: Tectonic and Climate Interaction

530

(20)

Topography, Elevation, and Relief

532

(3)

Landforms: Features Sculpted by Erosion and Sedimentation

535

(6)

Interacting Geosystems Control Landscape

541

(4)

Models of Landscape Evolution

545

(5)

22.1 Earth Issues Uplift and Climate Change: A Chicken-and-Egg Dilemma

544

(6)

PART VI Earth Science and Society

The Human Impact on Earth's Environment

550

(2)

Civilization as a Global Geosystem

552

(4)

Fossil-Fuel Resources

556

(8)

Alternative Energy Resources

564

(5)

Global Change

569

(5)

Welcome to the Anthropocene: A New Geologic Epoch

574

(1)

Earth System Engineering and Management

575

23.1 Earth Policy Subsurface Toxic and Nuclear Waste Contamination

566

(11)

23.2 Earth Policy The Kyoto Accords and the Politics of Climate Change

577

Appendix 1 Conversion Factors

(1)

Appendix 2 Numerical Data Pertaining to Earth

(1)

Appendix 3 Chemical Reactions

(1)

Appendix 4 Properties of the Most Common Minerals of Earth's Crust

Glossary

(1)

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Understanding Earth

Understanding Earth

9780716766827

0716766825

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Understanding Earth

Understanding Earth

9780716766827

0716766825

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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