A comprehensive introduction to electromagnetism in metamaterials structures, this begins with an overview followed by coverage of the major challenges of improving fabrication approaches. Each chapter offers a tutorial on a specific metamaterials system, ranging from plasmonics and active systems to negative refraction and photonic crystals. Every tutorial provides a thorough treatment of basic theory, computer simulations, fabrication, and experimental studies of the physical properties. The light interaction with metallic nanostructures, theory and applications of negative refraction systems, chiral metamaterials, and anitostopic metamaterials. The final chapters focus on microwave applications of metamaterials and photonic crystals research.