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Transportation Engineering and Planning

by: Papacostas, C.S.; Prevedouros, P.D.

Transportation Engineering and Planning

by: Papacostas, C.S.; Prevedouros, P.D.

ISBN 13:
9780130814197
ISBN 10:
0130814199
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 05/26/2000
Publisher: Pearson

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Summary

This detailed, interdisciplinary introduction to transportation engineering is ideal as both a comprehensive tutorial and reference.Begins with the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering mechanics, and gradually introduces new concepts concerning societal context, geometric design, human factors, traffic engineering, and simulation, transportation planning, evaluation.For prospective and practicing transportation engineers.

Preface

Introduction and Background

(12)

The Transportation System

(3)

Definition and Scope

(1)

Fixed Facilities

(1)

Flow Entities and Technology

(1)

Control System

(1)

Transportation Demand

(1)

Quantification versus Valuation

(1)

Transportation System Classification

(1)

Classification Schemes

(1)

Private and Public Transportation

(1)

The Role of Government

(3)

Governmental Participation

(1)

Instruments of Governmental Involvement

(1)

Argument for and against Governmental Intervention

(2)

Tools and Applications

(4)

Background

(1)

Mathematical Models

(2)

Components of Mathematical Models

(1)

Transportation Models

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Part 1: Design and Operation

(218)

Roadway Design

(87)

Introduction

(1)

Equations of Motion

(15)

Rectilinear Motion

(5)

Braking Distance

(3)

Curvilinear Motion

(4)

Relative Motion

(3)

Human Factors

(14)

Perception-Reaction

(3)

Dilemma Zones

(7)

Visual Acuity

(2)

Lateral Displacement

(2)

Geometric Design of Highways

(39)

Background

(1)

Functional Classification of Highways

(2)

Cross-Section Design

(1)

Horizontal Alignment

(4)

Determination of Design Radius

(1)

Superelevation Design

(3)

Vertical Alignment

(4)

Stopping and Passing Sight Distance

(2)

Geometrics of Sight Distance

(2)

Discussion of Alignment Design

(3)

Delineation of Vehicular Paths

(1)

Design Vehicles

(2)

Channelization of At-Grade Intersections

(8)

Modern Roundabouts

(3)

Traffic-Calming Devices

(4)

Pavement Structures

(11)

Background

(1)

Pavement Materials and Types

(2)

Pavement Structure

(3)

Pavement Design

(1)

Design Methods

(1)

Life-Cycle Economic Analysis

(1)

Pavement Management Systems

(1)

High Performance Concrete, Superpave, and LTPP

(2)

Summary

(7)

Exercises

(3)

References

(3)

Traffic Stream Flow Models

100

(33)

Introduction

100

(1)

Vehicular Stream Models

100

(4)

Vehicular Following

100

(2)

Safety Considerations

102

(2)

Stream Variables

104

(5)

Spacing and Concentration

104

(1)

Headway and Flow

104

(1)

Average or Mean Speed

104

(2)

Time-Distance Diagrams of Flow

106

(3)

Vehicular Stream Equations and Diagrams

109

(8)

The Fundamental Equation of a Vehicular Stream

109

(1)

The Case of Uniform Flow

109

(5)

The Case of Highway Traffic Flow

114

(3)

Stream Measurements: The Moving-Observer Method

117

(6)

Background

117

(1)

The Moving-Observer Method

118

(5)

Shock Waves in Traffic

123

(6)

Background

123

(2)

The Shock Wave Equation

125

(4)

Summary

129

(4)

Exercises

129

(2)

References

131

(2)

Capacity and Level of Service Analysis

133

(98)

Introduction

133

(1)

Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities

134

(4)

Background

134

(1)

Pedestrian-Flow Models

134

(2)

Pedestrian Level of Service

136

(1)

Bicycle Level of Service

136

(2)

Transit Systems: Uninterrupted Flow

138

(6)

Background

138

(1)

Uninterrupted Speed-Flow Relationships

139

(2)

Fleet Size

141

(1)

Transit Network Fleet Size

142

(2)

Transit Systems: Interrupted Flow

144

(3)

Background

144

(1)

Transit Stations

145

(1)

Single-Platform Capacity

145

(2)

Other Designs

147

(1)

Highways: Uninterrupted Flow

147

(10)

Background

147

(1)

Level of Service

148

(2)

Freeway-Base Conditions

150

(2)

Freeway Capacity and Level of Service

152

(3)

Freeway Congestion Quantification

155

(1)

Capacity Restrictions

156

(1)

Highways: Interrupted Flow

157

(22)

Background

157

(1)

Types of Signals

157

(1)

Signal Detectors and Controllers

158

(9)

Signal Timings

167

(8)

Time-Distance Diagram of Interrupted Flow

175

(1)

Pretimed Signal Coordination

176

(3)

Actuated Signal Coordination

179

(1)

Capacity of Signalized Intersections

179

(24)

Background

179

(1)

Capacity and Performance Analysis

180

(8)

Planning Analysis

188

(1)

Case Studies

189

(1)

Simple Signalized Intersection

190

(3)

Complex Signalized Intersection

193

(4)

Planning a Signalized Intersection

197

(3)

Arterial Street LOS and Congestion Quantification

200

(3)

Traffic Data Collection Methods

203

(4)

Capacity Analysis of Unsignalized Intersections

207

(12)

Background

207

(1)

Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections

208

(4)

All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections

212

(4)

Roundabouts

216

(2)

Signalization Warrants

218

(1)

Summary

219

(12)

Exercises

220

(9)

References

229

(2)

Part 2: Transportation Systems

231

(224)

Transportation Modes

232

(31)

Introduction

232

(1)

Modes

233

(16)

Motor Carriers

235

(2)

Railroads

237

(2)

Pipelines

239

(1)

Water Transportation

240

(3)

Air Carriers

243

(4)

Express Package Carriers

247

(2)

Intercity Passenger Travel

249

(6)

Major Modes

249

(1)

Choice of Mode

250

(3)

Emerging Intercity Modes

253

(2)

Summary and Comparisons among Modes and Countries

255

(8)

Exercises

257

(4)

References

261

(2)

Urban and Intelligent Transportation Systems

263

(55)

Introduction

263

(1)

Development of Cities and Transportation Modes

263

(5)

Urban Transportation Modes

268

(4)

Roadway Modes

268

(1)

Fixed Guideway Modes

269

(2)

Demand-Responsive, Dual Mode, and Other Modes

271

(1)

Urban Transportation Issues

272

(9)

General

272

(1)

Traffic Congestion

273

(4)

Supply Strategies

277

(2)

Demand Strategies

279

(2)

Intelligent Transportation Systems

281

(30)

User Services

283

(5)

Architecture Components and Standards

288

(4)

ITS in Europe and Japan

292

(3)

Mature ITS Applications

295

(1)

Detectors

295

(3)

Traffic Signal Systems

298

(3)

Freeway Management

301

(6)

Electronic Road Pricing and Automatic Vehicle Classification

307

(3)

Safety and Liability

310

(1)

Summary

311

(7)

Exercises

312

(2)

References

314

(4)

Transportation Planning

318

(30)

Introduction

318

(2)

Historical Development in the United States

320

(7)

Colonial Era

320

(1)

Turnpikes and Canals

320

(1)

Railroads

321

(2)

Rural Highways

323

(2)

Urban and Regional Transportation Planning

325

(2)

Development of a Formal Planning Process

327

(8)

Housing Policies

327

(1)

The 3C Process

328

(1)

Social Concerns

329

(1)

National Environmental Legislation

330

(1)

Toward Planning Coordination

331

(2)

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991

333

(1)

Transportation Equity Act for the Twenty-First Century

334

(1)

Planning Studies and Methods

335

(4)

Background

335

(1)

Antecedents to Planning Studies

335

(1)

Planning for Future Needs

336

(1)

Large-Scale Urban Travel Surveys

336

(1)

Travel-Demand Forecasts

336

(3)

Other Planning Issues

339

(5)

Background

339

(1)

Transportation and Land Use

339

(2)

Operational Land-Use Models

341

(2)

Project, System, and Operational Planning

343

(1)

Planning at the Statewide Level

344

(1)

Summary

344

(4)

Exercises

345

(1)

References

346

(2)

Travel-Demand Forecasting

348

(107)

Introduction

348

(2)

Trip Generation

350

(11)

Background

350

(1)

Trip Purpose

351

(1)

Zone-based versus Household-Based Models

351

(2)

Productions and Attractions

353

(1)

Regression Models

354

(1)

Trip-Rate Analysis

355

(1)

Cross-Classification Models

356

(2)

The FHWA-Simplified Trip-Production Procedure

358

(3)

Summary

361

(1)

Trip Distribution

361

(20)

Background

361

(1)

The Gravity Model

362

(7)

Calibration of the Gravity Model

369

(7)

Limitations of the Gravity Model

376

(1)

The Fratar Model

377

(3)

Limitations of the Fratar Model

380

(1)

Summary

381

(1)

Mode Choice

381

(19)

Background

381

(1)

Utility and Disutility Functions

382

(3)

The Multinomial Logit (MNL) Model

385

(3)

The Incremental (or Pivot-Point) Logit Model

388

(1)

Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) Property

389

(1)

The Nested Logit Model

390

(8)

Estimation of Logit Models

398

(1)

Summary

399

(1)

Trip Assignment

400

(22)

Background

400

(1)

Person-Trips and Vehicle-Trips

401

(1)

Diurnal (Time-of Day) Patterns of Demand

401

(1)

Trip Direction

402

(1)

Historical Context

402

(2)

Highway Network Description

404

(4)

Link Flows and Interzonal Flows

408

(1)

Route Choice Behavior

409

(1)

Minimum Path Algorithms

409

(1)

A Minimum Tree-Seeking Procedure

410

(4)

Free/All-or-Nothing Traffic Assignment

414

(1)

Free/Multipath Traffic Assignment

414

(2)

Capacity-Restrained Traffic Assignment

416

(4)

Transit Assignment

420

(1)

Summary

421

(1)

Transport Behavior of Individuals and Households

422

(11)

Background

422

(1)

Conceptual Models

422

(3)

Demand Models with Behavioral Content

425

(6)

Trip-, Journey-, and Tour-Based Models

431

(2)

Other Demand-Forecasting Models

433

(8)

Background

433

(1)

Demand-Model Consistency

433

(1)

Simultaneous or Direct Demand Formulations

433

(2)

Combined Modeling Strategies

435

(1)

Models of Demand Elasticity

436

(5)

Summary

441

(14)

Exercises

442

(8)

References

450

(5)

Part 3: Transportation Impacts

455

(102)

Traffic Impact and Parking Studies

456

(42)

Introduction

456

(1)

Traffic Impact Studies

456

(23)

Background

456

(1)

Basic Characteristics

457

(1)

Overview of Steps

458

(1)

Major Components of Traffic Impact Studies

459

(9)

Site and Network Improvement Alternatives

468

(1)

Comprehensive Example

469

(10)

Parking Studies

479

(12)

Background

479

(1)

Types of Parking

480

(1)

Types of Parking Studies

481

(5)

Parking Measurements and Analysis

486

(3)

Design, Operation, and Other Considerations

489

(2)

Summary

491

(7)

Exercises

492

(5)

References

497

(1)

Air Quality Noise, and Energy Impacts

498

(31)

Introduction

498

(1)

Air Pollution

499

(7)

Background

499

(1)

Problem Dimensions

500

(1)

Emission Levels

501

(3)

Air Pollution Dispersion

504

(1)

The Box Model

504

(2)

Noise Generation

506

(9)

Background

506

(1)

Noise Measurement

507

(2)

Noise Propagation and Mitigation Strategies

509

(1)

Noise Measures

509

(3)

Mathematical Models of Transportation Noise

512

(3)

Energy Consumption

515

(8)

Background

515

(1)

National Response to the Energy Embargo

516

(1)

Transportation-User Reactions

516

(1)

Energy-Related Transportation Actions

517

(1)

Vehicle-Propulsion Energy

518

(5)

Indirect Energy Consumption

523

(1)

Summary

523

(6)

Exercises

524

(3)

References

527

(2)

Evaluation and Choice

529

(28)

Introduction

529

(1)

Feasibility and Impact Enumeration

530

(2)

Measures of Feasibility

530

(1)

Impact Trade-Offs

531

(1)

Generalized Impact Matrices

531

(1)

Engineering Economic Analysis

532

(11)

Background

532

(1)

Project Evaluation

532

(6)

Independent and Mutually Exclusive Alternatives

538

(2)

Evaluation of Mutually Exclusive Alternatives

540

(1)

Identification and Valuation of Benefits and Costs

541

(1)

Limitations of Economic Evaluation

542

(1)

Effectiveness Analysis

543

(10)

Background

543

(1)

Cost-Effectiveness

543

(2)

Rank-Ordering Techniques

545

(5)

Scoring Techniques

550

(3)

Group Consensus

553

(1)

Summary

553

(4)

Exercises

554

(1)

References

555

(2)

Part 4: Supporting Elements

557

(96)

Elements of Engineering Economy

558

(13)

Money and Its Time Value

558

(1)

Interest and Discount

559

(1)

Simple and Compound Interest

560

(2)

Nominal and Effective Interest Rates

562

(1)

Discrete and Continuous Compounding

562

(1)

Cash Flows

563

(2)

Equal Series of Payments

565

(2)

Superposition of Cash Flows

567

(4)

Exercises

569

(2)

Probability and Statistics

571

(40)

Introduction

571

(1)

Elements of Probability Theory

572

(16)

Background

572

(1)

Definition of Probability

572

(2)

Conditional Probability and Independence

574

(1)

Discrete Distributions

575

(3)

Some Common Discrete Distributions

578

(5)

Continuous Random variables

583

(1)

Some Common Continuous Distributions

584

(4)

Experimental Data and Model Parameters

588

(1)

Linear and Nonlinear Regression

589

(12)

Simple Linear Regression

589

(5)

Correlation

594

(2)

Multiple Linear Regression

596

(1)

Direct Nonlinear Regression

596

(2)

Linear Regression with Transformed Variables

598

(1)

Selection of Explanatory variables

599

(2)

Hypothesis Testing and Model Evaluation

601

(6)

Single-Parameter Test

602

(1)

Test of a Linear Model

603

(1)

Test of Equality of Segmented Linear Models

604

(1)

Comprehensive Judgement of a Linear Model

605

(2)

Summary

607

(4)

Exercises

607

(3)

References

610

(1)

Queuing and Simulation

611

(15)

Introduction

611

(1)

Queuing Models

612

(4)

Background

612

(1)

Single-Server FIFO Systems

613

(1)

Multiserver FIFO Systems

614

(2)

Computer Simulation

616

(8)

Background

616

(1)

Monte Carlo Simulation

616

(3)

Simulation of the Outcomes of a Continuous Random Variable

619

(1)

Generation of Random Numbers

620

(1)

The Simulation Model

621

(3)

Summary

624

(2)

Exercises

624

(1)

References

625

(1)

Transportation Software

626

(27)

Introduction

626

(1)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

627

(5)

GIS Fundamentals

627

(3)

GIS Products

630

(1)

GIS and GPS

631

(1)

Traffic Simulation Software

632

(14)

Traffic Simulation Model Characteristics

632

(1)

Classification

632

(2)

Traffic Simulation Models

634

(1)

Urban Street Networks

634

(6)

Freeways and Freeway Corridors

640

(2)

Mixed Networks

642

(2)

Model Selection, Output Variability, and Other Limitations

644

(2)

Capacity Software: HCS, SIDRA, and Others

646

(1)

Planning Software: EMME/2, QRS II, TRANPLAN, MINUTP TP+, TRANSCAD, TRANSIMS

646

(7)

References

560

(93)

Appendix A 1982 Guidelines for the Preparation of Environmental Documents

653

(26)

Index

679

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Transportation Engineering and Planning

Transportation Engineering and Planning

9780130814197

0130814199

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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