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TRANSPORTATION 4E

ISBN: 9780314028532 | 0314028536
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: South-Western College Pub
Pub. Date: 12/27/1993

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SummaryTable of Contents
Transportation service isn't as simple as you think. TRANSPORTATION goes in-depth and explains the fundamental role that transportation plays in our society. By looking at both domestic and international transportation systems, as well as their legal issues, you'll get a thorough, easy-to-understand overview. Plus, TRANSPORTATION gives you the tools you need to succeed in this fast-paced and rapidly changing industry. In class or on the road, TRANSPORTATION gives you the edge.
Prefacexv
PART ONE THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION1(129)
CHAPTER ONE Transportation and the Economy
2(26)
Historical Signi... MORE
4(1)
Economic Significance
4(10)
Value of Goods
6(1)
Utility of Goods
7(2)
Transportation Patterns
9(1)
Gross National Product
10(4)
Environmental Significance
14(2)
The Environment
14(3)
Safety
17
Stop Off: "It's Not Easy Being Green"
16(3)
Social Significance
19(2)
Political Significance
21(1)
Governmental Responsibility
21(1)
Overview of Modern Transportation
21(1)
Stop Off: Challenges and Opportunities
22(1)
Overview of Transportation Trends
23(1)
Summary
24(2)
Case 1.1 Background
26(2)
CHAPTER TWO Demand for Transportation
28(21)
Demand Measurement Units
30(1)
Level of Aggregation
31(1)
Demand Elasticity
32(1)
Freight Transportation
33(5)
Derived Demand
34(1)
Value of Service
34(2)
Service Components of Freight Demand
36(2)
Location of Economic Activity
38(1)
Stop Off: Georgia-Pacific Unlocks Door to Doublestacks
38(1)
Passenger Transportation
39(4)
Business Travel
39(1)
Vacation Travel
40(1)
Personal Travel
40(1)
Urban Transit
41(1)
Passenger Demand Characteristics
42(1)
Role of the Travel Agent
43(1)
Summary
44(2)
Case 2.1 Fly-By-Night Helicopter Service
46(1)
Case 2.2 The Quiet Muffler Company
47(2)
CHAPTER THREE Transportation Regulation
49(54)
Regulation of Transportation
50(8)
Nature of Regulation
50(1)
Common Law
51(1)
Role of the Interstate Commerce Commission
52(1)
Role of the Courts
53(3)
Safety Regulations
56(1)
State Regulations
57(1)
Stop Off: Major 1991 Transport Actions by Congress and Supreme Court
58(1)
Development of Regulation
58(17)
Introduction
58(1)
Era of Initiation
59(3)
Era of Positive Regulation
62(2)
Era of Intermodal Regulation
64(8)
The Birth of a New Era in Regulation
72(3)
Deregulation
75(8)
Airline Deregulation--The Airline Deregulation Act
75(4)
Motor Carrier Deregulation--The Motor Carrier Act
79(2)
Railroad Deregulation--The Staggers Rail Act
81(2)
Interstate Commerce Commission
83(1)
Antitrust Laws in Transportation
83(2)
Recent Developments
84(1)
Summary
85(5)
APPENDIX I Department of Transportation
90(4)
United States Coast Guard
91(1)
Federal Aviation Administration
91(1)
Federal Highway Administration
92(1)
Federal Railroad Administration
92(1)
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
93(1)
Urban Mass Transit Administration
93(1)
Maritime Administration
93(1)
St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation
93(1)
Research and Special Programs Administration
94(1)
Summary
94(1)
APPENDIX II Summary of Motor and Rail Deregulation Acts
95(4)
Summary of Provisions of the Staggers Rail Act
99(4)
CHAPTER FOUR Transportation Policy
103(27)
Why Do We Need A Transportation Policy?
104(1)
Declaration of National Transportation Policy
105(5)
Policy Interpretations
106(2)
Who Establishes Policy?
108(2)
Stop Off: Go Tell Your MPO
110(2)
Public Promotion
112(9)
Transportation Project Planning in the Public Sector
112(3)
Air
115(2)
Motor and Highway
117(1)
Domestic Waterway Operations
118(1)
International Water Carriage
119(1)
Pipeline
120(1)
Miscellaneous Forms of Promotion
120(1)
Transportation Promotion in Perspective
121(1)
User Charges
121(1)
Nationalization
122(1)
Transportation Safety
122(2)
Future Transportation Policy Issues
124(2)
Summary
126(2)
Case 4.1 Quart Trucking
128(1)
Case 4.2 The U.S. Airline Industry Financial Plight
129(1)
PART TWO OVERVIEW OF CARRIER OPERATIONS130(176)
CHAPTER FIVE Motor Carriers
131(30)
Brief History
132(1)
Industry Overview
132(8)
Significance
132(1)
Types of Carriers
132(3)
Number of Carriers
135(4)
Market Structure
139(1)
Stop Off: Grocery Distribution
140(1)
Operating and Service Characteristics
141(1)
General Service Characteristics
141(1)
Equipment
142(1)
Types of Vehicles
142(1)
Terminals
143(3)
Cost Structure
146(5)
Fixed versus Variable Costs
146(2)
Economies of Scale
148(3)
Stop Off: Yellow Freight Looks to Asia
151(1)
Current Issues
152(3)
Safety
152(1)
LTL Rates
153(2)
Summary
155(4)
Case 5.1 Jer Carrier Corporation
159(1)
Case 5.2 Retirement Funds
160(1)
CHAPTER SIX Railroads
161(30)
Brief History
162(1)
Market Structure
163(4)
Number of Carriers
163(1)
Competition
163(4)
Service Operating Characteristics
167(10)
General
167(2)
Constraints
169(1)
Strengths
169(1)
Equipment
170(3)
Service Innovations
173(4)
Stop Off: The Short-Line Renaissance
177(1)
Cost Structure
177(4)
Fixed Costs
177(1)
Semivariable Costs
178(1)
Variable Costs
178(2)
Economies of Scale
180(1)
Financial Plight
181(2)
Legislation Reform
182(1)
Improved Service to Customers
182(1)
Current Issues
183(2)
Alcohol and Drug Abuse
183(1)
Energy
183(1)
Technology
184(1)
Summary
185(4)
Case 6.1 CBN Railway Company
189(1)
Case 6.2 Neenah Railway Company
190(1)
CHAPTER SEVEN Air Carriers
191(24)
Brief History
192(1)
Industry Overview and Significance
192(1)
Types of Carriers
192(2)
Private Carriers
192(1)
For-Hire Carriers
193(1)
Market Structure
194(1)
Number of Carriers
194(1)
Stop Off: The World Is Getting Smaller
195(1)
Competition
196(3)
Intermodal
196(1)
Intramodal
196(2)
Service Competition
198(1)
Cargo Competition
198(1)
Operating and Service Characteristics
199(3)
General
199(1)
Speed of Service
200(1)
Length of Haul and Capacity
201(1)
Accessibility and Dependability
201(1)
Equipment
202(1)
Types of Vehicles
202(1)
Terminals
202(1)
Cost Structure
203(3)
Fixed versus Variable Cost Components
203(1)
Fuel
204(1)
Labor
204(1)
Equipment
205(1)
Economies of Scale
205(1)
Rates
206(1)
Pricing
206(1)
Operating Efficiency
206(1)
Stop Off: Automated Systems Gain Foothold
207(1)
Current Issues
208(1)
Safety
208(1)
Technology
208(1)
Summary
209(4)
Case 7.1 PDQ Worldwide Express
213(1)
Case 7.2 Fleet Express, Inc.
214(1)
CHAPTER EIGHT Domestic Water Carriers
215(25)
Brief History
216(1)
Industry Overview
216(1)
Significance of Water Transport
216(1)
Types of Carriers
217(1)
Market Structure
218(5)
Number and Categories of Carriers
218(5)
Competition
223(1)
Operating and Service Characteristics
224(3)
Commodities Hauled
224(1)
Length of Haul
225(1)
Load Size
226(1)
Low-Cost Service
226(1)
Speed of Service
226(1)
Service Disruption
227(1)
Other Characteristics
227(1)
Equipment
227(1)
Types of Vehicles
227(1)
Stop Off: Rolling on the River
228(1)
Terminals
229(1)
Cost Structure
230(4)
Fixed versus Variable Cost Components
230(1)
Infrastructure
231(1)
Labor
232(1)
Fuel
233(1)
Economies of Scale
233(1)
Shipping Conferences
233(1)
Current Issues
234(1)
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
234(1)
Port Development
234(1)
Summary
235(3)
Case 8.1 Port of Coast City
238(1)
Case 8.2 Port of Riverdale
239(1)
CHAPTER NINE Pipelines
240(20)
Brief History
241(1)
Industry Overview
241(2)
Significance of Pipelines
241(2)
Types of Carriers
243(1)
Ownership
243(1)
Market Structure
243(2)
Number of Carriers
243(1)
Oil Carriers
244(1)
Natural Gas Carriers
244(1)
Competition
245(1)
Intramodal
245(1)
Intermodal
245(1)
Operating and Service Characteristics
245(3)
Commodities Hauled
245(2)
Relative Advantages
247(1)
Relative Disadvantages
247(1)
Equipment
248(1)
Trunk and Gathering Lines
248(1)
Stop Off: Caught Between the Republics
249(3)
Commodity Movement
252(1)
Procedures
252(1)
Cost Structure
253(1)
Fixed versus Variable Cost Components
253(1)
Rates
253(1)
Current Issues
254(1)
Safety
254(1)
Summary
254(3)
Case 9.1 Bestway Pipeline
257(1)
Case 9.2 BJS Pipeline Case
258(2)
CHAPTER TEN Intermodal and Special Carriers
260(21)
Intermodal Transportation
261(3)
Piggyback
262(2)
Containerization
264(1)
Third-Party Transportation
264(2)
Direct Delivery to Production Floor
266(1)
Single Sourcing LTL
266(1)
Special Carrier Forms
266(7)
Surface Forwarders
267(1)
Air Freight Forwarders
268(1)
Freight Brokers
269(1)
Shippers' Associations
270(1)
Shippers' Agents and Consolidators
270(1)
Owner-Operators
271(1)
Express Services and Courier Services
272(1)
Stop Off: Quiet Revolution in the Making
273(1)
Household Good Industry
272(4)
Shipment Process
274(1)
Problems
275(1)
Legislation
275(1)
Summary
276(2)
Case 10.1 Fast Forward Air Freight
278(1)
Case 10.2 Fragle Van Lines
279(2)
CHAPTER ELEVEN International Transportation
281(25)
Extent and Magnitude of Trade
282(1)
International Transportation Providers
283(6)
Ocean Transportation
284(1)
Air Carriers
285(1)
Ancillary Services
286(3)
Stop Off: The One-Minute World Tour for New Exporters
289(1)
Rate Making in Foreign Transportation
290(7)
International Air
290(1)
Liner Rate Making
291(4)
Tramp Ship Cost Rate Factors
295(2)
International Transportation Problems, Issues, and Policies
297(3)
Federal Maritime Commission Regulation of U.S. Ocean Rates
297(1)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and Foreign Trade Allocations
298(1)
International Air Regulation
298(2)
Role of Port Authorities in International Transportation
300(1)
Future of International Transportation
300(1)
Summary
301(2)
Case 11.1 Natural Footwear Company
303(1)
Case 11.2 Medical Supply Company
304(2)
PART THREE CARRIER MANAGEMENT306(118)
CHAPTER TWELVE Costing and Pricing in Transportation
307(51)
Market Considerations
308(3)
Market Structure Models
309(1)
Theory of Contestable Markets
309(1)
Relevant Market Areas
310(1)
Cost Concepts
311(2)
Accounting Cost
311(1)
Economic Cost
312(1)
Social Cost
313(1)
Analysis of Cost Structures
313(6)
Rail Cost Structure
318(1)
Motor Carrier Cost Structure
318(1)
Other Carriers' Cost Structures
319(1)
Cost-of-Service Pricing
319(6)
Stop Off: National LTL Carriers Considering Mid-Summary Rate Hike to Fight Discounts
325(1)
Value-of-Service Pricing
326
Pricing in Transportation Management
33
Factors Affecting Pricing Decisions
33
Major Pricing Decisions
335(1)
Stop Off: "We Have Seen the Enemy"
336(1)
Stop Off: How to Avoid a Price War
337(5)
Establishing the Pricing Objective
338(2)
Estimating Demand
340(1)
Estimating Costs
340(1)
Price Levels and Price Adjustments
341(1)
Most Common Mistakes in Pricing
341(1)
Summary
342(3)
Case 12.1 Sunburn Trucking
345(1)
Case 12.2 Startruck, Inc.
346(2)
APPENDIX LTL and TL Costing Models
348(1)
Introduction
348(1)
Operational Activities
348(1)
Cost/Service Elements
348(1)
TL Costing
349(3)
Shipment and Equipment Characteristics
349(1)
Route and Time of Move
350(1)
Cost Analysis
350(2)
LTL Costing
352(5)
Shipment and Equipment Characteristics
353
Equipment Cost Data
343(11)
Route and Time of Movement
354(1)
Cost Analysis
354(3)
Conclusion
357(1)
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Rate Making in Practice
358(38)
General Rates
359(9)
Class Rates
360(6)
Exception Rates
366(1)
Commodity Rates
366(1)
Rate Systems under Deregulation
366(2)
Special Rates
368(6)
Character-of-Shipment Rates
368(2)
Area, Location, or Route Rates
370(1)
Time/Service Rate Structures
371(1)
Other Rate Structures
372(2)
Carrier/Shipper Negotiations
374(3)
Negotiation Cost/Price Elements
374(1)
Other Negotiating Factors
375(2)
Negotiating Dangers
377(1)
Stop Off: Long-term Contracts Lower Costs
377(2)
Summary
379(1)
Case 13.1 Future of Tariffs
380(1)
Case 13.2 Boll Weevil, Inc.
381(4)
APPENDIX The Negotiation Process
385(1)
Shipper-Carrier Contract Negotiation
385(11)
Introduction
385(1)
Interorganizational Negotiation Defined
385(1)
Negotiation Environmental Factors
386(2)
Negotiation Potential
388(1)
Negotiation Preparation
390(2)
Bargaining
392(1)
Negotiation Outcome
393(1)
Conclusion
394(2)
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Carrier Operations and Terminals
396(28)
Techniques of Transportation Efficiency
397(6)
Operations
397(2)
Technology and Equipment
399(2)
The Hub-and-Spoke Route System
401(1)
Marketing
402(1)
Stop Off: Roadway Studies Terminal Changes
403(4)
Operations
407(1)
Challenges Affecting Carrier Management
407(2)
The Terminal: The Basic Transportation System Component
409(7)
General Nature of Terminals
410(1)
Terminal Ownership
410(1)
Types of Terminals
411(5)
Stop Off: Washington's Dulles Seeks Cargo Growth with Opening of Long-Delayed Terminal
416(4)
Terminal Management Decisions
417(3)
Summary
420(2)
Case 14.1 Shiner International Transportation Company
422(1)
Case 14.2 Golden Spike Railroad Company
422(2)
PART FOUR PROCESSING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES: USER PERSPECTIVE424(97)
CHAPTER FIFTEEN Business Logistics and Transportation Management
425(35)
The 1980s: A Decade of Change
426(2)
Stop Off: Freight Carriers' Technology Tune: We've Only Just Begun
428(3)
The Logistics Concept
431(2)
Total-Cost Analysis
433(1)
Business Logistics Activities
434(7)
Transportation and Traffic
435(4)
Inventory Control
439(1)
Packaging
439(1)
Purchasing
440(1)
Facility Location
440(1)
Order Processing and Customer Service
440(1)
Pricing
440(1)
Transportation Strategy
441(5)
General Strategy
441(3)
Small Shipment Strategy
444(1)
Bulk-Shipment Strategy
445(1)
Inbound Transportation Strategy
445(1)
Traffic Management
446(8)
What Is Traffic Management?
446(1)
Line Aspects of Traffic Management
447(4)
Staff and Administrative Aspects of Traffic Management
451(2)
Traffic Management Perspectives
453(1)
Summary
454(4)
Case 15.1 Dipix Corporation
458(1)
Case 15.2 CLR Global Express
458(2)
CHAPTER SIXTEEN Quality, Value, and Customer Satisfaction in Logistics
460(35)
Introduction
461(1)
Quality Perspectives
461(1)
Quality Concepts
461(1)
Stop Off: Quality and the Internal Customer
462(8)
Quality and Control
463(1)
Internal Quality Requirements--Culture
463(5)
Internal Quality Requirements--Product
468(2)
Stop Off: Spartan Express
470(13)
Quality, Value, and Customer Satisfaction
483(6)
Dimensions of Logistics Quality
483(4)
Logistics Value
487(1)
Customer Satisfaction and Attitude
487(2)
Summary
489(3)
Case 16.1 Soup to Nuts, Inc.
492(1)
Case 16.2 Fifth Wheel Trucking
493(2)
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Private Transportation
495(26)
What Is Private Transportation?
496(1)
Private Rail Transportation
496(1)
Private Air Transportation
497(1)
Private Water Transportation
498(1)
Private Oil Pipeline Transportation
499(1)
Private Trucking
499(1)
Why Private Trucking?
499(3)
Improved Service
500(1)
Lower Cost
501(1)
Disadvantages
501(1)
Private Trucking Cost Analysis
502(3)
Fixed Costs
502(2)
Operating Costs
504(1)
Stop Off: Mead Whittles Its Fleet for the Second Time
505(2)
Equipment
507(3)
Selection
507(2)
Leasing
509(1)
Fleet Operation and Control
510(6)
Organizing the Private Fleet
510(2)
Controlling the Private Fleet
512(1)
Regulations
513(3)
Summary
516(2)
Case 17.1 Apex Soap Products
518(1)
Case 17.2 Lackawanna, Inc.
519(2)
PART FIVE THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF TRANSPORTATION521(24)
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Future Directions of Transportation
522(23)
Strategic Variables
523(5)
Economic
523(1)
Social and Demographic
524(1)
Energy
524(1)
Environment
525(1)
Regulation
525(3)
Trends in Technology
528(9)
Automobile Transportation
528(1)
Bus Transportation
529(1)
Truck Transportation
530(1)
Rail Transportation
531(1)
Air Transportation
532(1)
Marine Transportation
533(1)
Pipeline Transportation
534(1)
Electronic Data Interchange
535(2)
Stop Off: The Gospel of Green
537(1)
Future Transportation Systems
537(5)
Railroads
537(1)
Motor Carriers
538(1)
Air Carriers
539(1)
Water Carriers
540(1)
Pipelines
540(1)
Multimodal Service
540(2)
Summary
542(3)
APPENDIX A: Equipment of Domestic Freight Transportation545(6)
APPENDIX B: Selected Transportation Publications551(2)
APPENDIX C: Transportation-Related Associations553(6)
Glossary559(10)
Author Index569(4)
Subject Index573

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