Rent 9780072877052 | Today's Moral Issues : Classic and Contemporary Perspectives

Summary Table of Contents

Designed for Contemporary Moral Problems courses, Bonevac's "Today's Moral Issues" is unique in providing theoretical readings related to the contemporary issues readings that follow -- students connect theory and practice, thereby making the theory interesting and relevant. In addition to providing readings on contemporary topics, the book lends historical perspective to current moral issues with its unique inclusion of classic selections by philosophers such as Aristotle, Mill, Kant, and Locke.

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Preface

Introduction: Moral Arguments and Moral Relativism

(1)

Relativism

(1)

Arguments

(2)

Evaluating Arguments: Three Arguments for Cultural Relativism

(3)

Arguments against Cultural Relativism

(2)

Making Moral Arguments

(2)

Exceptions to Moral Principles

(4)

PART I FIRST PRINCIPLES

(114)

Theoretical Approaches

(32)

Aristotle, from Nicomachean Ethics

(5)

St. Thomas Aquinas, from Summa Theologica

(4)

David Hume, from A Treatise of Human Nature

(3)

Immanuel Kant, from Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals

(6)

John Stuart Mill, from Utilitarianism and ``Letter to John Venn''

(8)

Simone de Beauvoir, from The Ethics of Ambiguity

(6)

Sexual Behavior

(21)

Bertrand Russell, ``Our Sexual Ethics''

(5)

Thomas A. Mappes, ``Sexual Morality and the Concept of Using Another Person''

(7)

Sidney Callahan, ``Abortion and the Sexual Agenda''

(4)

Roger Scruton, from Sexual Desire

(4)

Animals

(24)

International League of the Rights of Animals, ``Universal Declaration of the Rights of Animals''

(2)

Peter Singer, from Animal Liberation

(8)

Tom Regan, ``The Case for Animal Rights''

(5)

Carl Cohen, ``The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research''

(7)

The Environment

(32)

Garrett Hardin, from ``The Tragedy of the Commons''

100

(3)

Richard Stroup and John Baden, with David Fractor, ``Property Rights: The Real Issue''

103

(7)

Paul R. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich, ``Risks, Costs, and Benefits''

110

(4)

Bill Devall and George Sessions, from Deep Ecology

114

(5)

Karen J. Warren, ``The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism''

119

(3)

Bjorn Lomborg, ``Predicament or Progress?''

122

(7)

PART II LIBERTY

129

(144)

Theoretical Approaches

131

(28)

Plato, from The Republic

131

(6)

Aristotle, from Nicomachean Ethics

137

(3)

Edmund Burke, from Reflections on the Revolution in France

140

(6)

John Stuart Mill, from On Liberty

146

(13)

Drug Legalization

159

(28)

Milton Friedman, ``An Open Letter to Bill Bennett''

160

(3)

William J. Bennett, ``A Response to Milton Friedman''

163

(3)

Ethan A. Nadelmann, ``The Case for Legalization''

166

(11)

James Q. Wilson, ``Against the Legalization of Drugs''

177

(10)

Pornography

187

(20)

Catharine MacKinnon, ``Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech''

189

(4)

The Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, ``The Question of Harm''

193

(7)

Wendy McElroy, from Sexual Correctness

200

(7)

Offensive Speech and Behavior

207

(31)

Justice Antonin Scalia, Majority Opinion in R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, Minnesota

209

(6)

Stanley Fish, from There's No Such Thing as Free Speech, and It's a Good Thing, Too

215

(6)

Jonathan Rauch, ``Kindly Inquisitors: The New Attacks on Free Thought''

221

(5)

Justice William Brennan and Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Majority and Dissenting Opinions in Texas v. Johnson

226

(12)

Sexual Orientation and Gay Marriage

238

(35)

Justice Byron White, Majority Opinion in Bowers v. Hardwick

240

(3)

Justice Anthony Kennedy, Majority Opinion in Lawrence et al. v. Texas

243

(5)

Massachusetts Chief Justice Margaret H. Marshall and Justice Robert J. Cordy, Majority and Dissenting Opinions in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health

248

(15)

Jonathan Rauch, ``Objections to These Unions''

263

(6)

Stanley Kurtz, ``The Libertarian Question''

269

(4)

PART III RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

273

(202)

Theoretical Approaches

275

(20)

Thomas Hobbes, from Leviathan

275

(5)

John Locke, from Second Treatise of Government

280

(7)

Edmund Burke, from Reflections on the Revolution in France

287

(5)

John Stuart Mill, from Utilitarianism

292

(3)

Privacy

295

(41)

Samuel Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, ``The Right to Privacy''

297

(10)

Richard Posner, from The Economics of Justice

307

(10)

Jeffrey H. Reiman, ``Driving to the Panopticon: A Philosophical Exploration of the Risks to Privacy Posed by the Information Technology of the Future''

317

(10)

Rita C. Manning, ``Liberal and Communitarian Defenses of Workplace Privacy''

327

(3)

G. Randolph Mayes and Mark Alfino, ``Rationality and the Right to Privacy''

330

(6)

Abortion

336

(49)

Justice Harry Blackmun, Majority Opinion in Roe v. Wade

338

(5)

Judith Jarvis Thomson, ``A Defense of Abortion''

343

(10)

Mary Anne Warren, ``On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion''

353

(11)

Jane English, ``Abortion and the Concept of a Person''

364

(6)

Don Marquis, ``Why Abortion Is Immoral''

370

(12)

Robert P. George, ``Public Reason and Political Conflict: Abortion''

382

(3)

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide

385

(28)

Supreme Court of New Jersey, Matter of Quinlan

387

(5)

J. Gay-Williams, ``The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia''

392

(3)

James Rachels, ``The Morality of Euthanasia''

395

(6)

Ronald Dworkin, Thomas Nagel, Robert Nozick, John Rawls, Thomas Scanlon, and Judith Jarvis Thomson, ``The Brief of the Amici Curiae''

401

(6)

Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Majority Opinion in Washington et al. v. Glucksberg et al.

407

(6)

Capital Punishment

413

(35)

Cesare Beccaria, from On Crimes and Punishment

415

(5)

Immanuel Kant, ``The Right of Punishing''

420

(3)

Albert Camus, from ``Reflections on the Guillotine''

423

(4)

Justice William Brennan, Concurring Opinion in Furman v. Georgia

427

(2)

Justices Stewart, Powell, and Stevens, Majority Opinion in Gregg v. Georgia

429

(4)

Ernest van den Haag, from The Death Penalty: A Debate

433

(4)

Hugo Adam Bedau, ``The Case against the Death Penalty''

437

(7)

William Tucker, ``Why the Death Penalty Works''

444

(4)

War

448

(27)

St. Thomas Aquinas, ``Whether It Is Always Sinful to Wage War?''

450

(2)

Hugo Grotius, from On the Law of War and Peace

452

(5)

Carl von Clausewitz, ``On the Nature of War''

457

(4)

Mahatma Gandhi, ``Non-Violence in Various Aspects''

461

(4)

Michael Walzer, from Just and Unjust Wars

465

(6)

Richard A. Posner and Gary S. Becker, ``Preventive War''

471

(4)

PART IV JUSTICE AND EQUALITY

475

(177)

Theoretical Approaches

477

(48)

Aristotle, from Nicomachean Ethics

477

(2)

Aristotle, from Politics

479

(2)

John Locke, from Second Treatise of Government

481

(10)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

491

(8)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from On the Social Contract

499

(4)

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, from Manifesto of the Communist Party

503

(6)

Albert Camus, ``Bread and Freedom''

509

(2)

John Rawls, from A Theory of Justice

511

(6)

Robert Nozick, from Anarchy, State, and Utopia

517

(8)

Economic Equality

525

(39)

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, ``Commonwealth Club Address''

527

(5)

Kai Nielsen, ``Egalitarian Justice: Equality as a Goal and Equality as a Right''

532

(3)

John Hospers, ``What Libertarianism Is''

535

(6)

Ronald Dworkin, ``Liberalism''

541

(6)

Michael Walzer, ``Welfare, Membership and Need''

547

(5)

Charles Murray, from Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950-1980

552

(9)

Michael Tanner and Stephen Moore, ``Why Welfare Pays''

561

(3)

Racial Equality

564

(58)

Chief Justice Earl Warren, Majority Opinion in Brown v. Board of Education

566

(3)

Justice Lewis Powell, Majority Opinion in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

569

(8)

Antonin Scalia, ``The Disease as a Cure''

577

(6)

Bernard R. Boxill, from Blacks and Social Justice

583

(5)

Thomas Sowell, ``'Affirmative Action': A Worldwide Disaster''

588

(15)

William G. Bowen and Derek Bok, from The Shape of the River

603

(5)

Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Majority Opinion in Gratz et al. v. Bollinger et al.

608

(5)

Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, Majority Opinion in Grutter v. Bollinger et al.

613

(9)

Sexual Equality

622

(30)

Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Antonin Scalia, Majority and Dissenting Opinions in United States v. Virginia et al.

624

(8)

Mary Wollstonecraft, from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

632

(2)

Alison M. Jaggar, ``Sexual Difference and Sexual Equality''

634

(6)

Christine A. Littleton, ``Reconstructing Sexual Equality''

640

(4)

Susan Okin, ``Justice and Gender''

644

(5)

Christina Hoff Sommers, from Who Stole Feminism?

649

(3)

F. Carolyn Graglia, from Domestic Tranquility

652

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