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| Preface | p. x |
| About the Authors | p. xv |
| The Context of Texas Politics | p. 2 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Texas History: A Chronology | p. 4 |
| The Earliest Days | p. 4 |
| Anglo-American Colonization | p. 4 |
| Revolution | p. 6 |
| Early Statehood | p. 7 |
| Post-Civil War Texas | p. 8 |
| The Late Nineteenth Century | p. 9 | ... MORE
| The Early Twentieth Century | p. 11 |
| Wars and Depression | p. 12 |
| Post-World War II Texas | p. 15 |
| Gradual Political Change | p. 15 |
| Late-Twentieth-Century Texas | p. 16 |
| Modern Times | p. 18 |
| Texas as a Democracy | p. 19 |
| Texas and American Federalism | p. 21 |
| Texas in the International Arena | p. 23 |
| The Texas Political Culture | p. 26 |
| Economy, Taxes, and Services | p. 30 |
| The People of Texas | p. 33 |
| The Census | p. 33 |
| The Political Relevance of Population | p. 34 |
| The Plan of This Book | p. 35 |
| Summary | p. 35 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 36 |
| The Constitutional Setting | p. 38 |
| Introduction | p. 39 |
| Purposes of Constitutions | p. 40 |
| Legitimacy | p. 40 |
| Organizing Government | p. 41 |
| Providing Power | p. 41 |
| Limiting Governmental Power | p. 42 |
| Texas Constitutions | p. 42 |
| The Present Texas Constitution | p. 45 |
| General Features | p. 46 |
| Specific Features | p. 47 |
| Constitutional Revision | p. 55 |
| Overview of the Need for Reform | p. 55 |
| Recent Reform Efforts | p. 57 |
| Constitutional Politics | p. 61 |
| Something for Everyone | p. 61 |
| The Political Process | p. 62 |
| Summary | p. 65 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 66 |
| Interest Groups | p. 68 |
| Introduction | p. 69 |
| Interest Groups | p. 70 |
| Definition | p. 70 |
| Classification | p. 70 |
| Interest Groups in the Political Process | p. 71 |
| Lobbying | p. 82 |
| Who Are the Lobbyists? | p. 82 |
| What Lobbyists Do and How They Do It | p. 85 |
| Regulation of Lobbying | p. 87 |
| Major Interest Groups in Texas | p. 89 |
| Texans for Lawsuit Reform | p. 89 |
| Doctors | p. 91 |
| Lawyers | p. 93 |
| The Christian Right | p. 94 |
| Organized Labor | p. 97 |
| League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) | p. 98 |
| Teachers | p. 100 |
| Conclusion | p. 102 |
| Summary | p. 102 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 102 |
| Political Parties | p. 104 |
| Introduction | p. 105 |
| Ideology | p. 106 |
| Conservatism | p. 106 |
| Liberalism | p. 106 |
| Ideology in Texas | p. 107 |
| Political Socialization | p. 109 |
| Family | p. 109 |
| Schools and Churches | p. 109 |
| Media | p. 111 |
| Evaluation | p. 113 |
| Interests | p. 113 |
| Texas Political Parties: A Brief History | p. 114 |
| Functions of Political Parties | p. 119 |
| Party Organization | p. 119 |
| The Temporary Party Organization | p. 120 |
| Permanent Party Organization | p. 124 |
| The (Un)Importance of Party Organization | p. 125 |
| Two Parties, Three Factions (or Perhaps Four) | p. 127 |
| Republicans | p. 127 |
| Conservative Democrats | p. 129 |
| Liberal Democrats | p. 130 |
| The Uncertain Future of the Democratic Party | p. 131 |
| Third Parties in Texas | p. 132 |
| Summary | p. 135 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 135 |
| Voting, Campaigns, and Elections | p. 136 |
| Introduction | p. 137 |
| Voting | p. 138 |
| Why Vote? | p. 138 |
| Suffrage | p. 139 |
| Registration | p. 140 |
| Texas Turnout | p. 142 |
| Government by the People? | p. 142 |
| Why Don t Texans Vote? | p. 143 |
| The Consequences of Nonvoting | p. 144 |
| Election Campaigns | p. 146 |
| Campaign Resources | p. 146 |
| Negative Campaigning | p. 153 |
| Public Elections | p. 155 |
| Primary Elections | p. 155 |
| General Elections | p. 157 |
| Special Elections | p. 158 |
| Absentee or Early Voting | p. 158 |
| Recent Elections in Texas | p. 159 |
| Elections of 1994 through 2004 | p. 159 |
| Election of 2006 | p. 161 |
| Election of 2008 | p. 162 |
| Election of 2010 | p. 163 |
| Conclusion | p. 164 |
| Summary | p. 165 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 165 |
| The Texas Legislature | p. 166 |
| Introduction | p. 167 |
| Functions of Legislative Bodies | p. 168 |
| Structure of the Legislature | p. 168 |
| Size, Elections, and Terms | p. 169 |
| Sessions | p. 170 |
| Legislative Districts | p. 171 |
| Party and Factional Organization | p. 174 |
| Compensation | p. 177 |
| Membership Characteristics | p. 178 |
| Formal Qualifications | p. 178 |
| Personal Characteristics | p. 178 |
| Experience and Turnover | p. 181 |
| Legislative Officers and Committees | p. 182 |
| Presiding Officers | p. 182 |
| Legislative Committees | p. 184 |
| Legislative Staff | p. 187 |
| Powers of the Presiding Officers | p. 189 |
| Procedural Powers | p. 190 |
| Institutional Powers | p. 196 |
| Limits on Presiding Officers | p. 198 |
| How a Bill Becomes a Law in Texas | p. 201 |
| Step One: Introduction and Referral | p. 203 |
| Step Two: Committee Action | p. 204 |
| Step Three: Floor Action | p. 204 |
| In the House: Steps One through Three Repeated | p. 205 |
| Step Four: Conference Committee | p. 205 |
| Step Five: The Governor | p. 206 |
| Legislative Dynamics | p. 207 |
| Handicaps | p. 207 |
| Changing Alignments | p. 208 |
| Nonlegislative Lawmaking | p. 209 |
| Evaluation and Suggested Reforms | p. 211 |
| Legislative Structure | p. 211 |
| Legislative Process | p. 213 |
| Conclusion | p. 219 |
| Summary | p. 219 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 221 |
| The Governor | p. 222 |
| Introduction | p. 223 |
| Basic Structure of the Governor's Office | p. 224 |
| Election | p. 224 |
| Term of Office | p. 225 |
| Tenure | p. 225 |
| Impeachment and Succession | p. 227 |
| Compensation | p. 228 |
| Staff and Organization | p. 228 |
| Qualifications for Governor | p. 230 |
| Formal Qualifications | p. 230 |
| Personal Characteristics | p. 231 |
| Roles of the Governor and Limits on Those Roles | p. 235 |
| Formal Roles and Limitations | p. 238 |
| Chief Executive | p. 238 |
| Chief Legislator | p. 242 |
| Commander in Chief/Top Cop | p. 245 |
| Chief of State | p. 246 |
| Chief Intergovernmental Diplomat | p. 247 |
| Informal Roles and Limitations | p. 248 |
| Chief of Party | p. 248 |
| Leader of the People | p. 249 |
| Summary | p. 251 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 252 |
| The Administrative State | p. 254 |
| Introduction | p. 255 |
| State Administrative Agencies | p. 256 |
| Agencies with Elected Executives | p. 258 |
| Agencies with Appointed Executives | p. 261 |
| Boards and Commissions | p. 262 |
| Big Government: How Did It Happen? | p. 264 |
| Postwar Growth | p. 265 |
| 1980 On | p. 266 |
| Characteristics of Bureaucracy | p. 268 |
| Traditional Characteristics | p. 268 |
| Modern Characteristics | p. 269 |
| Bureaucratic Survival Techniques | p. 272 |
| Sources of Bureaucratic Power | p. 272 |
| Bureaucratic Involvement in the Policymaking Process | p. 276 |
| What Happens to the Public Interest? | p. 278 |
| Bureaucratic Orientation | p. 278 |
| Overstepping the Law | p. 279 |
| Harnessing the Administrative State | p. 280 |
| How Much Accountability to the Chief Executive? | p. 280 |
| How Much Accountability to the Legislature? | p. 281 |
| How Much Accountability to the Public? | p. 284 |
| Is There Accountability? | p. 285 |
| Suggested Reforms | p. 286 |
| Summary | p. 287 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 287 |
| The Judiciary | p. 288 |
| Introduction | p. 289 |
| The Myth of the Nonpolitical Judiciary | p. 290 |
| The Players in the System of Justice | p. 292 |
| The Attorney General (AG) | p. 292 |
| Lawyers | p. 293 |
| The State Bar of Texas | p. 294 |
| The Court System | p. 294 |
| Municipal Courts | p. 294 |
| Justice Courts | p. 296 |
| County Courts | p. 296 |
| State Trial Courts: The District Courts | p. 297 |
| Intermediate State Appellate Courts: The Courts of Appeals | p. 297 |
| Highest State Appellate Courts | p. 298 |
| Juries | p. 299 |
| Grand Juries | p. 299 |
| Trial Juries | p. 300 |
| Police | p. 300 |
| Removal and Reprimand of Lawyers and Judges | p. 300 |
| Issues Facing the Texas Judiciary | p. 301 |
| Too Much Crime, Too Many Criminals | p. 301 |
| Judicial Selection | p. 303 |
| Equal Justice? | p. 308 |
| Summary | p. 315 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 316 |
| The Substance of Justice | p. 318 |
| Introduction | p. 319 |
| Civil Liberties | p. 320 |
| Freedom of Expression | p. 320 |
| Freedom of Religion | p. 322 |
| A Right to Keep and Bear Arms? | p. 326 |
| Abortion | p. 328 |
| Civil Rights | p. 330 |
| School Segregation | p. 331 |
| Education: A Basic Right? | p. 331 |
| Civil Rights in Modern Texas: Jasper and Tulia | p. 333 |
| Civil Rights for Convicted Criminals | p. 337 |
| Capital Punishment | p. 339 |
| Torts and Tort Reform | p. 343 |
| Conclusion | p. 346 |
| Summary | p. 346 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 347 |
| Local Government | p. 348 |
| Introduction | p. 349 |
| Counties: One Size Fits All? | p. 350 |
| Historical and Legal Background | p. 350 |
| Organization and Operation of County Government | p. 351 |
| County Politics | p. 356 |
| An Evaluation of County Government | p. 356 |
| Cities: Managed Environments | p. 361 |
| Organization of City Government | p. 364 |
| City Politics | p. 373 |
| Special Districts: Our Hidden Governments | p. 375 |
| What Is a Special District? | p. 376 |
| Why Special Districts? | p. 377 |
| Assessment of Special Districts | p. 378 |
| School Districts | p. 379 |
| Local Government: Prospects for the Future | p. 381 |
| Finance | p. 381 |
| Other Issues | p. 383 |
| Leadership in Local Government | p. 385 |
| Summary | p. 385 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 386 |
| The State Economy and the Financing of State Government | p. 388 |
| Introduction | p. 389 |
| The Texas Economy | p. 391 |
| Heart of the Economy | p. 391 |
| Boom and Bust | p. 392 |
| Creating a Favorable Business Climate | p. 393 |
| Where Does the Money Come From? | p. 394 |
| Collection and Administration | p. 396 |
| Nontax Sources of Revenue | p. 397 |
| Taxation | p. 400 |
| The Tax Burden in Texas | p. 402 |
| Who Benefits? | p. 405 |
| Contemporary Issues | p. 407 |
| Where Does the Money Go? | p. 409 |
| Planning and Preparation | p. 411 |
| Authorization and Appropriations | p. 414 |
| Execution/Spending | p. 415 |
| Summary | p. 419 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 420 |
| Public Policy-People | p. 422 |
| Introduction | p. 423 |
| Poverty, Welfare, and Health Care | p. 426 |
| Poverty in Texas | p. 426 |
| The Players and the Major Programs | p. 427 |
| Recent Policy Developments | p. 432 |
| Analysis | p. 435 |
| Education Policy | p. 436 |
| Education Reform | p. 438 |
| Nontraditional Education Proposals | p. 439 |
| Texas Textbooks and Curricula | p. 441 |
| Texas Higher Education | p. 442 |
| Analysis | p. 444 |
| Conclusion | p. 444 |
| Summary | p. 444 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 445 |
| Public Policy-Resources | p. 446 |
| Introduction | p. 447 |
| Water Supply | p. 448 |
| Urban Dwellers versus Farmers | p. 449 |
| Private Property Rights versus State Regulation | p. 450 |
| Economic Development versus Environment | p. 451 |
| Interbasin Transfers and Dam-Building | p. 453 |
| Energy Supply | p. 455 |
| Sources of Energy | p. 455 |
| The Politics of Energy in Texas | p. 470 |
| Protecting the Environment | p. 472 |
| NIMBY and YBNIIMP | p. 472 |
| Texas and Environmental Protection | p. 474 |
| Public Policy and Private Interests | p. 475 |
| The Problems Continue | p. 479 |
| Transportation | p. 483 |
| The Costs of the Internal Combustion Engine | p. 483 |
| Which Way Transportation Policy? | p. 485 |
| Summary | p. 491 |
| Glossary Terms | p. 492 |
| Notes | p. 493 |
| Glossary | p. 523 |
| Index | p. 533 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |