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TechOne: Automotive Electricity & Electronics

by: Santini,Al

TechOne: Automotive Electricity & Electronics

by: Santini,Al

ISBN 13:
9781401813949
ISBN 10:
1401813941
Edition: Student
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 07/14/2003
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Summary

How things work, why we test objects as we do, and what the test instruments tell us are all part of the foundation for this new book on automotive electricity and electronics. Completely up-to-date coverage emphasizes the fundamentals of electronics, setting the stage for smooth progression through more advanced topics such as batteries, starting and charging systems, ignitions, and electrical accessories. Testing is accomplished with common shop tools as well as highly technical equipment. Each chapter is written in a clear and concise fashion that is easy to follow, with current J1930 terminology incorporated throughout.

Preface

About the Author

xiii

Acknowledgments

xiv

Features of the Text

xvi

Section 1: Safety and Communication

(14)

Safe Working Practices

(5)

Introduction

(1)

Work Clothes

(1)

Eye Protection

(1)

The Air We Breathe and Noises We Hear

(1)

Fire Protection

(1)

Material Safety Data Sheets

(1)

Battery Safety

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Working As an Electricity/Electronics Technician

(7)

Introduction

(1)

Your Toolbox

(2)

Access to Wiring Diagrams and Repair Information

(1)

Communicating with the Customer

(1)

Working Around Air Bags

(2)

Static Electricity

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(2)

Section 2: Circuit Fundamentals and Basic Test Equipment

(32)

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

(9)

Introduction

(1)

Electricity

(1)

Voltage

(1)

Current

(1)

Wattage

(1)

Resistance

(2)

Insulators and Conductors

(2)

Loads

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Circuits

(8)

Introduction

(1)

Circuit Components

(2)

Series Circuits

(1)

Parallel Circuits

(2)

Series-Parallel Circuits

(2)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Voltmeters

(4)

Introduction

(1)

Purpose of the Voltmeter

(1)

Connecting the Voltmeter

(1)

Measuring Voltage Drop

(1)

Interpreting Voltage Readings

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Ammeters

(4)

Introduction

(1)

Types of Ammeters

(2)

Current Probes

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Ohmmeters

(5)

Introduction

(1)

Reading and Interpreting Ohmmeter Readings

(1)

Continuity Testing

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(2)

Section 3: Vehicle Circuits

(48)

Circuits That Do Work

(5)

Introduction

(1)

Circuit Components

(3)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Analyzing Series Circuits

(7)

Introduction

(1)

Wiring Up a Series Circuit

(1)

Voltage Division in a Series Circuit

(2)

Current Flow in a Series Circuit

(2)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(2)

Analyzing Parallel Circuits

(5)

Introduction

(1)

Current Flow in a Parallel Circuit

(1)

Resistance in a Parallel Circuit

(2)

Voltage in a Parallel Circuit

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(2)

Series-Parallel Circuits

(6)

Introduction

(1)

Series-Parallel Circuits

(3)

Dashboard Dimmer Circuit

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(2)

Control Circuits

(7)

Introduction

(1)

The Switch As a Control Device

(1)

Relays As Control Devices

(3)

Electronic Relay As a Control Device

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(2)

Diagnosing Open Circuits

(7)

Introduction

(1)

Using a 12-Volt Test Light

(1)

Open-Circuit Diagnosis Using a 12-Volt Test Light

(3)

Diagnosing Open Circuits with a Voltmeter

(2)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Diagnosing Short Circuits

(5)

Introduction

(1)

Short Circuits and Resistance

(1)

Diagnosing a Short Circuit with a Short Detector

(3)

Diagnosing Short Circuits with Electronic Control

(1)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Servicing Open and Short Circuits

(4)

Introduction

(1)

Replacing a Component

(1)

Replacing a Wire

(1)

Repair Considerations

(2)

Summary

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Section 4: Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) Use

(38)

Digital Storage Oscilloscopes

(6)

Introduction

(1)

Voltage Settings

(2)

Time Settings

(2)

Using Signal Finder

101

(1)

Setting for AC or DC Voltage

101

(1)

Input Leads

101

(1)

Summary

101

(1)

Review Questions

102

(1)

DSO Trigger and Slope

103

(6)

Introduction

103

(1)

Advantage of Using Trigger and Slope

103

(1)

Setting Trigger and Slope

104

(1)

Using an External Trigger

104

(1)

Examples

105

(3)

Summary

108

(1)

Review Questions

108

(1)

Reading and Interpreting a DSO Pattern

109

(8)

Introduction

109

(1)

AC Signal

109

(1)

DC Signal

110

(1)

Variable Frequency

110

(2)

Duty Cycle Patterns

112

(3)

Pulse Width

115

(1)

Summary

115

(1)

Review Questions

115

(2)

Using a Current Probe with a DSO

117

(7)

Introduction

117

(1)

Why Use a Current Probe?

117

(1)

Setting and Calibrating the Probe

117

(1)

Setting Up the DSO

118

(2)

Connecting the Probe into the Circuit

120

(1)

Measuring a Nonpulsing Load

120

(1)

Measuring a Pulsing Load

120

(2)

Summary

122

(1)

Review Questions

122

(2)

Using the DSO's Multiple-Trace Capability

124

(9)

Introduction

124

(1)

Why Use Multiple-Trace Capability?

124

(1)

How to Set and Adjust Multiple Traces

124

(2)

Setting a Trigger

126

(1)

Examples

126

(4)

Summary

130

(1)

Review Questions

131

(2)

Section 5: Electronic Fundamentals

133

(48)

Solid-State Devices

135

(7)

Introduction

135

(1)

Conductors and Insulators

135

(1)

The Diode

136

(2)

Transistors

138

(1)

Transistors As Amplifiers

139

(1)

Transistors As Switches

139

(1)

Precautions Necessary When Working on Electronics

140

(1)

Summary

140

(1)

Review Questions

140

(2)

Electronic-Control Input Devices

142

(5)

Introduction

142

(1)

Thermistors

142

(2)

Position Sensors

144

(1)

The Switch As an Input Device

145

(1)

Summary

145

(1)

Review Questions

145

(2)

Diagnosing and Servicing Electronic-Control Input Devices

147

(8)

Introduction

147

(1)

Using a DMM to Test Inputs

147

(2)

Using a DSO to Test Inputs

149

(1)

Introduction to a Scanner

150

(3)

Using the Scanner to Test Inputs

153

(1)

Summary

153

(1)

Review Questions

153

(2)

Integrated Circuits As Input Devices

155

(5)

Introduction

155

(1)

IC Protection

155

(1)

Hall Effect Sensors

155

(1)

Variable-Frequency Generators

156

(2)

Photo Diode Sensors

158

(1)

Summary

159

(1)

Review Questions

159

(1)

Diagnosing and Servicing ICs

160

(8)

Introduction

160

(1)

Using a DSO to Test Input Sensors

160

(5)

Using a DMM to Test Input Sensors

165

(2)

Summary

167

(1)

Review Questions

167

(1)

Oxygen Sensors

168

(5)

Introduction

168

(1)

How Does an O2 Sensor Function?

169

(1)

Common Problems

170

(1)

Summary

171

(1)

Review Questions

172

(1)

Diagnosing and Servicing Oxygen Sensors

173

(8)

Introduction

173

(1)

Using Propane and a DSO

173

(2)

Determining the ``Rich'' Voltage

175

(1)

Determining the ``Lean'' Voltage

175

(1)

Determining the Speed of the O2 Sensor

176

(1)

Determining If the Vehicle Is in Fuel Control

176

(3)

Summary

179

(1)

Review Questions

179

(2)

Section 6: Wiring Diagrams

181

(18)

Wiring Diagram Symbols

183

(11)

Introduction

183

(1)

Grounds

184

(2)

Protection Devices

186

(1)

Switches

187

(2)

Solenoids

189

(1)

Relays

190

(1)

Resistors

190

(1)

Motors

191

(1)

Location Codes

192

(1)

Summary

193

(1)

Review Questions

193

(1)

Using the Wiring Diagram As a Service Tool

194

(5)

Introduction

194

(1)

Common-Point Diagnostics

194

(1)

Using the Wiring Diagram to Find an Open Circuit

194

(2)

Using the Wiring Diagram to Find a Short Circuit

196

(1)

Printed Circuits

197

(1)

Summary

197

(1)

Review Questions

198

(1)

Section 7: Batteries

199

(26)

Automotive Batteries

201

(8)

Introduction

201

(1)

Types of Cells

201

(1)

Connecting Cells

201

(2)

Automotive Battery Cells

203

(1)

Sizes and Ratings

203

(2)

Maintenance-free Batteries

205

(1)

Oxygen-Recombination Batteries

206

(1)

Battery Safety

207

(1)

Summary

207

(1)

Review Questions

208

(1)

Diagnosing Batteries

209

(10)

Introduction

209

(1)

Why Should We Test Batteries?

209

(1)

A Review of General Battery Safety

210

(1)

Testing the Battery State of Charge with a Hydrometer

211

(3)

Testing the Battery State of Charge with an Optical Refractometer

214

(1)

Testing the Battery State of Charge Using Open-Circuit Voltage

214

(1)

Load Testing

214

(2)

Three-Minute Battery Test

216

(1)

Battery CCA Testing

217

(1)

Summary

217

(1)

Review Questions

218

(1)

Servicing Batteries

219

(6)

Introduction

219

(1)

Battery Maintenance

219

(3)

Charging a Dead Battery

222

(1)

Jump-Starting a Battery

222

(1)

Summary

223

(1)

Review Questions

223

(2)

Section 8: Starting Systems

225

(64)

Starting Systems

227

(7)

Introduction

227

(1)

A Typical Starting Circuit

227

(1)

Magnetism

227

(1)

Electromagnetism

228

(2)

Motor Principles

230

(2)

Summary

232

(1)

Review Questions

233

(1)

Solenoid Shift Starters

234

(4)

Introduction

234

(1)

Solenoids

234

(1)

Armature

235

(1)

Starter Drive Mechanism or Overrunning Clutch

236

(1)

Current Flow Through the Starter

236

(1)

Summary

237

(1)

Review Questions

237

(1)

Diagnosing and Servicing Solenoid Shift Starting Systems

238

(9)

Introduction

238

(1)

Review of the Volts-Amps Tester

238

(2)

Cranking Current

240

(1)

Cranking Speed

241

(1)

Measuring Voltage Drops

242

(1)

Procedure for Determining Open Circuit in No-Crank Condition

243

(1)

Diagnosing Unusual Starting Noise

244

(2)

Summary

246

(1)

Review Questions

246

(1)

Positive Engagement Starters

247

(4)

Introduction

247

(1)

Armature

247

(1)

The Shorting Switch

247

(2)

Current Flow Through the Starting System

249

(1)

Summary

250

(1)

Review Questions

250

(1)

Diagnosing and Servicing Positive Engagement Starting Systems

251

(6)

Introduction

251

(1)

Measuring Cranking Speed

251

(1)

Measuring Voltage Drops

252

(3)

Diagnosing Unusual Starter Noise

255

(1)

Diagnosing Excessive Current or Reduced Cranking Speed

255

(1)

Summary

255

(1)

Review Questions

255

(2)

Gear-Reduction Starters

257

(6)

Introduction

257

(1)

Armature

257

(1)

Starter Drive

258

(1)

Transmission

259

(1)

Use of the Solenoid

260

(1)

Current Flow Through the Starter

260

(1)

Summary

261

(1)

Review Questions

261

(2)

Diagnosing Gear-Reduction Starters

263

(6)

Introduction

263

(1)

Cranking Current

263

(1)

Diagnosing Excessive Cranking Current

264

(2)

Diagnosing Reduced Cranking Speed

266

(1)

Diagnosing Unusual Starting Noise

267

(1)

Summary

267

(1)

Review Questions

267

(2)

Starter Controls

269

(10)

Introduction

269

(1)

Starting Relay

269

(4)

Use of a Transmission Range Switch

273

(1)

Theft-Control Starter Circuits

273

(5)

Summary

278

(1)

Review Questions

278

(1)

Diagnosing Starting Controls

279

(6)

Introduction

279

(1)

Using a 12-Volt Test Light

279

(1)

No-Start Testing

280

(4)

Summary

284

(1)

Review Questions

284

(1)

Starting System Servicing

285

(4)

Introduction

285

(1)

Checking Cranking Speed

285

(2)

Removing and Replacing a Starter

287

(1)

Checking and Adjusting Pinion Depth

287

(1)

Summary

288

(1)

Review Questions

288

(1)

Section 9: Charging Systems

289

(42)

Charging System Overview

291

(10)

Introduction

291

(1)

The Alternator

292

(5)

Regulators

297

(2)

Summary

299

(1)

Review Questions

300

(1)

Field Circuits

301

(11)

Introduction

301

(1)

The A Circuit

301

(1)

The B Circuit

302

(1)

Isolated Field Circuit

302

(1)

Electronic Regulators

303

(1)

External Regulators

304

(1)

Internal Electronic Regulators

305

(1)

Computer Regulation

305

(2)

Charging Indicators

307

(4)

Summary

311

(1)

Review Questions

311

(1)

Diagnosing and Servicing the Charging System

312

(19)

Introduction

312

(1)

The State of Charge

312

(2)

Charging System Testing

314

(1)

Testing Alternator Maximum Output

314

(1)

Full Fielding the Alternator

315

(3)

Testing the Charging System Voltage Regulation

318

(3)

Charging Voltage Drops

321

(1)

Review of Alternator/Regulator Testing

322

(1)

Charging Light Diagnosis

323

(2)

Testing for Excessive AC Using a DMM and a DSO

325

(3)

Summary

328

(1)

Review Questions

328

(3)

Section 10: Ignition Systems

331

(98)

Secondary Ignition Systems

333

(10)

Introduction

333

(1)

Overview of Ignition Systems

333

(2)

Resistor and Nonresistor Plugs

335

(1)

Gap

335

(1)

Thread and Sealing

336

(1)

Aluminum Heads and Heli-coiling

336

(1)

Reading a Used Plug

337

(1)

Wires

337

(2)

Magnetic Suppression

339

(1)

Cap and Rotor

340

(1)

Summary

341

(1)

Review Questions

342

(1)

Servicing the Secondary Ignition System

343

(14)

Introduction

343

(1)

Removing and Replacing Spark Plugs

343

(1)

Setting the Spark Plug Air Gap

344

(1)

Replacing Ignition Wires

345

(1)

Replacing Ignition Caps and Rotors

345

(1)

Using a DSO to Check Secondary Firing Voltage

346

(4)

Using the DSO to Check the Cause of Excessive Secondary Voltage

350

(5)

Measuring How Long the Spark Lasts

355

(1)

Using the DSO to Check for Insulation Breakdown

355

(1)

Summary

356

(1)

Review Questions

356

(1)

Primary Ignition Systems

357

(15)

Introduction

357

(1)

Ignition Coils

357

(2)

Primary Resistance

359

(1)

Primary Control Devices

360

(2)

Input Sensors (Piston Position Sensors)

362

(1)

Hall Effect Sensors

362

(1)

Optical Crankshaft Position Sensors

363

(1)

Ignition Module Functions

363

(2)

Advancing Systems

365

(1)

Mechanical Advance

366

(1)

Vacuum Advance

366

(2)

Computerized Advancing Systems

368

(2)

Summary

370

(1)

Review Questions

370

(2)

Diagnosing and Servicing Distributed Primary Ignition Systems

372

(16)

Introduction

372

(1)

Setting Base Timing

372

(3)

Checking the Advancing System

375

(2)

Using a DSO for Primary Circuit Testing

377

(5)

Using a Current Probe to Diagnose Primary Circuits

382

(1)

Checking Input Sensors with a DSO

383

(2)

No-Spark Testing

385

(1)

Summary

386

(1)

Review Questions

387

(1)

Distributorless Ignition Secondary Circuits

388

(7)

Introduction

388

(1)

Waste Spark Systems

388

(2)

Coil-Near-Plug Systems

390

(1)

Coil-on-Plug Systems

391

(1)

Spark Plug Use

392

(1)

Ignition Wires

392

(1)

Ignition Coils

392

(1)

Summary

393

(1)

Review Questions

394

(1)

Diagnosing and Servicing the Secondary Ignition System on a Distributorless Vehicle

395

(11)

Introduction

395

(1)

Using an Ignition Scope for Secondary Testing

395

(6)

Coil-Near-Plug Systems

401

(2)

Coil-on-Plug Systems

403

(1)

Summary

404

(1)

Review Questions

404

(2)

Distributorless Ignition Primary Circuits

406

(11)

Introduction

406

(1)

Primary Current Flow

406

(2)

Position Sensors: Crankshaft

408

(4)

CMP Sensors

412

(2)

Computerized Timing

414

(1)

Computerized Timing Retard

414

(1)

Summary

415

(1)

Review Questions

415

(2)

Diagnosing and Servicing the Primary Circuit on a Distributorless Ignition System

417

(12)

Introduction

417

(1)

Waste Spark Systems

417

(5)

Coil-on-Plug Systems

422

(1)

Coil-Near-Plug Systems

423

(2)

Input Sensors

425

(2)

Summary

427

(1)

Review Questions

428

(1)

Section 11: Accessories

429

(44)

Lighting Circuits

431

(9)

Introduction

431

(1)

Fog Lights

431

(1)

Taillights

431

(3)

Turn Signals

434

(1)

Daytime Running Lights

435

(1)

Automatic Headlights

435

(4)

Summary

439

(1)

Review Questions

439

(1)

Diagnosing Lighting Circuits

440

(8)

Introduction

440

(1)

Fog Lights

440

(1)

Taillights

441

(1)

Turn Signals

442

(2)

Brake Lights

444

(1)

Automatic Headlights

444

(3)

Summary

447

(1)

Review Questions

447

(1)

Defogger, Horn, and Windshield Wiper Circuits

448

(5)

Introduction

448

(1)

Horn Circuits

448

(1)

Windshield Wipers and Washers

449

(1)

Defogger Circuits

450

(2)

Summary

452

(1)

Review Questions

452

(1)

Diagnosing Defogger, Horn, and Windshield Wiper Circuits

453

(6)

Introduction

453

(1)

Horn Circuit Diagnosis

453

(1)

Windshield Wiper and Washer Circuit Diagnosis

454

(2)

Defogger Circuit Diagnosis

456

(2)

Summary

458

(1)

Review Questions

458

(1)

Motor-Driven Accessories

459

(7)

Introduction

459

(1)

Power Windows

459

(2)

Power Seats

461

(1)

Power Mirrors

462

(1)

Engine Cooling Fans

463

(2)

Summary

465

(1)

Review Questions

465

(1)

Diagnosing Motor-Driven Accessories

466

(7)

Introduction

466

(1)

Diagnosing an Open Power Source

466

(2)

Diagnosing an Open Ground

468

(1)

Diagnosing a Faulty Switch

469

(1)

Diagnosing a Faulty Motor

469

(3)

Summary

472

(1)

Review Questions

472

(1)

Appendix: ASE Practice Exam for Electrical Systems

473

(3)

Bilingual Glossary

476

(7)

Index

483

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

TechOne: Automotive Electricity & Electronics

TechOne: Automotive Electricity & Electronics

9781401813949

1401813941

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

TechOne: Automotive Electricity & Electronics

TechOne: Automotive Electricity & Electronics

9781401813949

1401813941

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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