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Teaching Today : An Introduction to Education

ISBN: 9780133821772 | 0133821773
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 10/1/1996

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SummaryTable of Contents
Teaching Today: An Introduction to Education is a comprehensive treatment of education and teaching. It provides a solid grounding in the intellectual foundations of the field, results of research, and current issues. We have provided many opportunities for users of the book to reflect, analyze, and decide. We think the book will develop your decision-making skills. This is something we value. And we hope it is something you as future teachers will prize, as well. Good luck!
Section One TRENDS AND REALITIES2(112)
Challenges Facing Today's Schools
4(24)
Systemic Reform
6(4)
... MORE
Developing Learning Communities
7(1)
Outcome Goals
8(1)
Decentralized School Management
8(1)
Redesigned Teacher Responsibility and Compensation Schemes
9(1)
Goals 2000
10(2)
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards
12(1)
School Choice
13(5)
Voucher Plans
14(1)
Open Enrollment Plans
15(1)
Magnet Schools
15(1)
Charter Schools
16(2)
School-Business Partnership Programs
18(3)
Full-Service Schools
21(2)
Challenges and Prospective Teachers
23(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
23(2)
Review and Discussion Questions
25(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
26(1)
References
27(1)
Teaching in an Age of Change
28(22)
Why There Is No Consensus about What Schools Should Do
29(2)
Changes in Society
31(1)
Debates about How to Make Schools Better
31(2)
Examples of Changes that Have Been Implemented
33(1)
Debates about Responses to a Changed Learner Population
34(3)
Changes in Theories of Teaching and Learning
37(2)
Constructivism
37(1)
Multiple Intelligences
38(1)
Change and Prospective Teachers
39(1)
What Is Teaching Really Like?
40(3)
Multidimensionality
40(1)
Simultaneity
41(1)
Immediacy
41(1)
Unpredictability
41(1)
Publicness
42(1)
History
42(1)
A Day in the Life of a Teacher
43(4)
Nonteaching Responsibilities
43(1)
J.D. Smith's Day at School
44(2)
Teachers' Very Full Days
46(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
47(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
48(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects, and Enrichment
48(1)
References
49(1)
Classroom Management and Discipline
50(25)
Dimensions of Classroom Management
52(6)
Space Management
52(3)
Time Management
55(3)
Responding to Learner Misbehavior: Contexts for Effective Practice
58(7)
Discipline and Teachers' Use of Power
61(3)
Some Basic Principles of Effective Discipline
64(1)
Responding to Misbehavior: A Range of Alternative Responses
65(7)
Category 1: Responses Supporting Self-Control
66(2)
Category 2: Providing Situational Assistance
68(1)
Category 3: Implementing Consequences
69(1)
Category 4: Involving Others
70(2)
Key Ideas in Summary
72(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
73(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects, and Enrichment
73(1)
References
74(1)
The Curriculum
75(18)
Curricula Based on Needs of Learners
76(3)
Advantages of Curricula Based on Learners' Needs
78(1)
Disadvantages of Curricula Based on Learners' Needs
78(1)
Curricula Based on Academic Subject Matter
79(5)
Advantages of Curricula Organized Around Academic Subject Matter
80(1)
Disadvantages of Curricula Organized Around Academic Subject Matter
81(2)
Broad-Fields Curriculum
83(1)
Curricula Based on the Needs of Society
84(3)
Advantages of Curricula Organized Around the Needs of Society
84(1)
Disadvantages of Curricula Organized Around the Needs of Society
85(2)
Basic Patterns in Elementary and Secondary Schools
87(1)
The Hidden Curriculum
88(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
89(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
90(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
91(1)
References
92(1)
School Organization and Employees
93(21)
How School Districts Are Organized
94(9)
The School Board
95(2)
The Superintendent of Schools
97(1)
The Deputy Superintendents
98(4)
Other Central Office Professional Personnel
102(1)
How Individual Schools Are Organized
103(7)
Organization of Elementary Schools
103(4)
Organization of Secondary Schools
107(3)
Key Ideas in Summary
110(2)
Review and Discussion Questions
112(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
112(1)
References
113(1)
Section Two CONTEXTS FOR TEACHING114(94)
Historical Roots of American Education
116(24)
Legacies from Europe
118(4)
Development of American Education
122(13)
Colonial Period to 1800
123(3)
Education from 1800 to the Civil War
126(2)
Education from the Civil War to 1900
128(1)
Twentieth-Century Education to World War II
129(3)
American Education after World War II
132(3)
Key Ideas in Summary
135(2)
Review and Discussion Questions
137(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
138(1)
References
139(1)
Practical Influences of Philosophy
140(25)
Metaphysics (or Ontology)
143(1)
Practical Implications
143(1)
Epistemology
144(3)
Practical Implications
145(2)
Axiology
147(2)
Practical Implications
148(1)
Logic
149(1)
Practical Implications
150(1)
Alternative Philosophical Traditions
150(3)
Native American Philosophy
150(1)
African Philosophy
151(1)
Asian Philosophy
152(1)
Educational Applications of Philosophical Ideas
153(6)
Progressivism
153(3)
Essentialism
156(1)
Perennialism
157(1)
Existentialism
158(1)
Reconstructionism
159(1)
Building a Personal Philosophy of Education
159(3)
Key Ideas in Summary
162(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
163(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
163(1)
References
163(2)
How Groups Affect Schools and Learners
165(19)
Three Views of School Programs
167(4)
The Functionalist View
167(1)
The Economic Class Conflict View
168(1)
The Status Group Conflict View
169(2)
Roles of Schools
171(5)
Transmission of the General Culture
171(1)
Dissemination of Knowledge
172(1)
Preparation for the World of Work
173(1)
Promotion of Social and Group Relationships
173(2)
Encouragement of Social Change
175(1)
Learners' Perceptions and Roles
176(4)
Learners as Members of Schools
177(1)
Learners as Members of Families
177(2)
Learners as Members of Ethnic and Cultural Groups
179(1)
Learners as Members of Religious and Social Organizations
180(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
180(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
181(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
182(1)
References
182(2)
Technology's Growing Importance
184(24)
Today's Technological Innovations
186(1)
Examples of Technologies that Affect Teachers and Schools
187(14)
The Internet
187(5)
Major On-line Services
192(1)
Instructional and Managerial Software
193(3)
CD-ROM
196(3)
Electronic Bulletin Board Systems
199(1)
Interactive Distance Learning Systems
199(2)
Electronic Innovations: Some Implications
201(1)
Teachers as Information Guides
201(1)
Learning Outside the Classroom
201(1)
Staying in Touch with Parents and School Patrons
202(1)
Establishing Ties with the National Community of Teachers
202(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
202(3)
Review and Discussion Questions
205(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
205(1)
References
206(2)
Section Three TODAY'S DIVERSE LEARNERS208(64)
Meet Today's Learners
210(20)
Some Characteristics of Today's Learners
212(6)
Families of Learners
212(1)
Poverty and Children
213(1)
Minority-Group Children
213(1)
``Crack Babies'' as School Learners
214(1)
Very Young Children in the Schools
215(1)
Learners with Disabilities
215(1)
Abused and Neglected Children
216(2)
Performance at School and Learners' Attitudes
218(1)
Patterns of Children's Development
218(8)
Characteristics of Preschool and Kindergarten Children
219(1)
Characteristics of Primary Grades Children (Grades 1 to 3)
220(1)
Characteristics of Upper Elementary Children (Grades 4 to 6)
221(2)
Characteristics of Students in Grades 7 to 9
223(2)
Characteristics of Students in Grades 10 to 12
225(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
226(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
227(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
228(1)
References
229(1)
Multiculturalism
230(21)
A Brief History of Attitudes toward Minority-Group Learners
232(1)
Desegregation and Its Influences on Learners
233(5)
Efforts to End Legal Segregation
233(1)
Within-School Segregation
234(2)
Concerns about Achievement Levels
236(2)
The Need for Accurate Information
238(1)
Goals and General Suggestions for Teachers
239(3)
Commitment to the Idea That All Can Learn
240(1)
Modifying Grouping Practices
240(1)
Accommodating Learning Style Differences
240(1)
Becoming Aware of Our Own Perspectives
241(1)
Less Reliance on Standardized Tests
241(1)
Avoiding Favoritism in the Classroom
242(1)
Providing Good Teachers
242(1)
Promising Initiatives
242(3)
The Work of James Comer
243(1)
Features of School That Do a Good Job with Language-Minority Learners
244(1)
Useful Information Sources
245(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
246(2)
Review and Discussion Questions
248(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
248(1)
References
249(2)
Learners' Rights and Responsibilities
251(21)
The Relationship between Law and Education
252(2)
Sources of Law Relating to Education
253(1)
Learners' Responsibilities
254(2)
Attendance
254(1)
Behavior
255(1)
Learners' Rights
256(12)
In Loco Parentis
256(1)
Education as a Privilege or a Right
257(1)
Due Process
258(2)
Freedom of Expression
260(1)
Freedom of Conscience
261(2)
Search and Seizure
263(2)
Personal Appearance and Dress Codes
265(1)
Marriage and Pregnancy
266(1)
Family Rights and Privacy
267(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
268(2)
Review and Discussion Questions
270(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
270(1)
References
271(1)
Section Four TEACHERS AND THEIR WORK272(89)
Effective Teaching
274(26)
Active Teaching
275(7)
Program Planning
276(1)
Lesson Presentation
277(3)
Teacher Clarity
280(2)
Productive Use of Class Time
282(2)
Allocated Time
283(1)
Engaged Time
283(1)
Academic Learning Time
283(1)
Teacher Expectations
284(1)
Teachers' Questions
284(4)
When to Use Lower-Level and Higher-Level Questions
285(2)
Learner-Initiated Questions
287(1)
Clarity of Questions
287(1)
Checking on Learner Responses
287(1)
Wait Time
288(1)
Homework and Learning
288(1)
Observing in the Classroom
289(7)
Narrative Approaches
289(2)
Frequency Counts
291(1)
Coding Systems
292(1)
Seating-Chart Systems
293(3)
Key Ideas in Summary
296(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
297(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
297(1)
References
298(2)
Teachers as Researchers
300(20)
Barriers to Research by Teachers
302(1)
Teacher Research
302(1)
Benefits to Teachers
303(4)
Research Traditions
307(2)
How to Begin
309(2)
Conducting Research: The Steps
311(5)
The Focus
311(2)
The Design
313(1)
The Data
313(1)
The Report
314(2)
Key Ideas in Summary
316(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
317(1)
Ideas for Field Experience, Projects and Enrichment
318(1)
References
318(2)
Legal Concerns of Teachers
320(21)
Conditions of Employment
321(5)
Teachers' Certification
321(2)
The Hiring Process
323(1)
Teachers' Contracts
323(1)
Testing for AIDS and Substance Abuse
324(1)
Tenure and Continuing Employment
324(2)
Professional Rights and Responsibilities
326(7)
Curriculum and Instruction
326(1)
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
327(2)
Teachers' Tort Liability
329(4)
Teachers' Civil Rights
333(4)
Freedom of Association
334(1)
Personal Appearance
335(1)
Lifestyle Issues
335(1)
Immoral Conduct
336(1)
Criminal Conduct
336(1)
Freedom of Conscience
336(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
337(2)
Review and Discussion Questions
339(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
339(1)
References
340(1)
Professional Groups
341(20)
Why Become Involved?
342(1)
Networking
342(1)
Sharing Information
342(1)
General Organizations
342(6)
The National Education Association (NEA)
343(3)
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT)
346(1)
The NEA and AFT: Prospects
347(1)
The Specialty Organizations
348(8)
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD)
350(1)
American Vocational Association (AVA)
351(1)
Association for Childhood Education International (ACEI)
351(1)
Business Professionals of America (BPA)
351(1)
Council on Exceptional Children (CEC)
352(1)
International Council for Computers in Education (ICCE)
352(1)
International Reading Association (IRA)
352(1)
Music Teachers National Association (MTNA)
353(1)
National Art Education Association (NAEA)
353(1)
National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC)
353(1)
National Business Education Association (NBEA)
354(1)
National Conference on Parent Involvement (NCPI)
354(1)
National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS)
354(1)
National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE)
355(1)
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM)
355(1)
National Science Teachers Association (NSTA)
355(1)
Key Ideas in Summary
356(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
357(1)
Ideas for Field Experiences, Projects and Enrichment
358(1)
References
359(2)
Author Index361(4)
Subject Index365

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