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| Preface | p. xi |
| The Nature of Perspective | p. 1 |
| New Perspectives Mean New Realities | p. 6 |
| Perspectives Are Socially Created | p. 8 |
| Is There a Best Perspective? | p. 9 |
| Summary | p. 10 |
| Some Examples of Perspectives: Informal and Formal Perspectives | p. 10 |
| References | p. 12 |
| The Perspective of Social Science | p. 13 |
| Social Sci... MORE | p. 15 |
| Sociology As a Perspective | p. 17 |
| Psychology As a Perspective | p. 19 |
| Commonalities and Differences between Sociology and Psychology | p. 20 |
| The Perspective of Social Psychology in Psychology | p. 21 |
| The Perspective of Social Psychology in Sociology | p. 23 |
| Summary | p. 25 |
| References | p. 26 |
| Symbolic Interactionism As a Perspective | p. 27 |
| Introduction: Five Central Ideas | p. 27 |
| General Historical Background of Symbolic Interactionism | p. 28 |
| Mead and Pragmatism | p. 29 |
| Mead and Darwin | p. 31 |
| Mead and Behaviorism | p. 33 |
| A Contrast With Other Perspectives: Warriner | p. 33 |
| Shibutani: Reference Groups As Perspectives | p. 35 |
| Attitudes Versus Perspectives | p. 37 |
| Summary | p. 39 |
| References | p. 40 |
| The Meaning of the Symbol | p. 41 |
| The Nature of Reality | p. 42 |
| Importance of a Social Defined Reality | p. 43 |
| Objects As "Social Objects" | p. 44 |
| Symbols--A Class of Social Objects | p. 46 |
| Symbols Are Social, Meaningful, and Significant | p. 47 |
| Language | p. 51 |
| Words As Categories | p. 52 |
| Symbols, Perspectives, and Interaction | p. 53 |
| Humans and "Infrahumans" | p. 54 |
| How Animals Approach Environment | p. 55 |
| Symbols versus Signs | p. 56 |
| Summary | p. 57 |
| References | p. 58 |
| The Importance of the Symbol | p. 60 |
| Symbols and Social Reality | p. 60 |
| Symbols and Human Social Life | p. 61 |
| Symbols and the Individual | p. 64 |
| Naming, Memory, Categorizing | p. 64 |
| Perception | p. 65 |
| Thinking | p. 65 |
| Deliberation and Problem Solving | p. 66 |
| Transcendence of Space and Time | p. 66 |
| Transcendence of One's Own Person | p. 67 |
| Abstract Reality | p. 67 |
| Creativity | p. 68 |
| Self-Direction | p. 69 |
| The Importance of Symbols: A Summary | p. 69 |
| References | p. 71 |
| The Nature of the Self | p. 72 |
| Self As a Social Object | p. 72 |
| Self As Social: Four Social Stages of Self-Development | p. 74 |
| The Preparatory Stage | p. 75 |
| The Play Stage | p. 75 |
| The Game Stage | p. 76 |
| The Reference Group Stage | p. 77 |
| Selves as Ever-Changing Social Objects | p. 78 |
| Self As Object | p. 79 |
| Action Toward Self: Self-Communication | p. 80 |
| Action Toward Self: Self-Perception | p. 81 |
| Self-Perception: Assessment of Our Own Action | p. 81 |
| Self-Perception: The Development of Self-Concept | p. 82 |
| Self-Perception: Self-Judgment, One Aspect of Self-Concept | p. 82 |
| Self-Perception: Identity, One Aspect of Self-Concept | p. 86 |
| Action Toward Self: Self-Control | p. 88 |
| Central Ideas About the Self | p. 90 |
| The Self and the Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | p. 91 |
| The "I" and the "Me" | p. 92 |
| Summary | p. 94 |
| References | p. 94 |
| The Human Mind | p. 97 |
| The Meaning of Mind: Symbolic Interaction Toward Self | p. 97 |
| Mind Action: Making Indications Toward Self | p. 99 |
| Mind Action: The Ability to Control Overt Action | p. 100 |
| Mind Action: The Ability to Problem Solve | p. 102 |
| Mind Action Is Part of All Social Interaction | p. 104 |
| Summary | p. 106 |
| References | p. 107 |
| Taking the Role of the Other | p. 109 |
| Description of the Concept | p. 109 |
| Role Taking's Relationship to Self, Mind, and Symbols | p. 111 |
| Self | p. 112 |
| Mind | p. 112 |
| Symbols | p. 113 |
| Role Taking | p. 113 |
| The Importance of Role Taking | p. 114 |
| Its Central Place in All Social Interaction | p. 114 |
| Nine Ways Role Taking Is Central to All Human Life | p. 115 |
| And If We Don't Role Take--So What? | p. 119 |
| Summary | p. 120 |
| References | p. 122 |
| Human Action | p. 124 |
| The "Stream of Action" | p. 124 |
| The Act | p. 126 |
| Action, Goals, and Social Objects | p. 128 |
| Mead's Four Stages of the Act | p. 130 |
| Impulse | p. 130 |
| Perception | p. 131 |
| Manipulation | p. 131 |
| Consummation | p. 132 |
| A Brief Look at the Four Stages | p. 132 |
| Locating the "Cause" of Human Action | p. 133 |
| The Definition of the Situation | p. 136 |
| Habitual Action | p. 137 |
| The Role of the Past in Human Action | p. 138 |
| The Role of the Future in Human Action | p. 139 |
| Action and Motives | p. 140 |
| Action and Emotions | p. 142 |
| Action and Choice | p. 145 |
| Summary | p. 145 |
| References | p. 146 |
| Social Interaction | p. 149 |
| Social Action | p. 149 |
| The Meaning of Social Interaction | p. 150 |
| Mutual Social Action | p. 150 |
| Social Interaction Is Symbolic | p. 151 |
| Social Interaction Involves Role Taking | p. 153 |
| The General Importance of Social Interaction | p. 153 |
| Social Interaction Forms Our Basic Human Qualities | p. 154 |
| Social Interaction Is an Important Cause of Human Action | p. 155 |
| Social Interaction Shapes Identities | p. 160 |
| We Label One Another in Social Interaction | p. 160 |
| We Attempt to Shape Identities in Social Interaction | p. 161 |
| We Shape Our Own Identities in Social Interaction | p. 164 |
| Social Interaction Creates Society | p. 165 |
| Summary | p. 165 |
| References | p. 166 |
| Society | p. 168 |
| Groups, Organizations, Social Worlds, and Societies | p. 169 |
| Society Is Symbolic Interaction | p. 170 |
| Society Is Symbolic Interaction That Is Characterized by Cooperative Action | p. 171 |
| Society Is Social Interaction That Is Symbolic, That Is Characterized by Cooperation, and That Develops Culture | p. 175 |
| Culture Is a Shared Perspective | p. 175 |
| Culture Is a Generalized Other | p. 175 |
| Culture Maintains Society | p. 176 |
| Culture Is Ever Changing | p. 178 |
| The Individual Exists Within Many Societies | p. 179 |
| The Active Human Being in Society | p. 182 |
| Summary | p. 184 |
| References | p. 185 |
| Erving Goffman | p. 187 |
| Goffman and Symbolic Interactionism | p. 187 |
| Drama in Interaction | p. 188 |
| Impressions and Performance | p. 188 |
| Performance Teams | p. 190 |
| Reaction to Goffman's Dramaturgical View | p. 191 |
| The Self of Social Interaction | p. 192 |
| Goffman's View of Self | p. 192 |
| Social Control and Self | p. 192 |
| Rituals of Interaction | p. 195 |
| The Meaning of Ritual | p. 195 |
| The Importance of Ritual | p. 196 |
| The Environments of Social Interaction | p. 198 |
| Summary | p. 200 |
| References | p. 201 |
| Symbolic Interactionism: A Final Assessment | p. 202 |
| Symbolic Interactionism and Human Freedom: A Review | p. 203 |
| Symbolic Interactionism and Science | p. 206 |
| Symbolic Interactionism: Some Representative Studies | p. 209 |
| A Study of Pregnant Drug Users | p. 209 |
| A Study of Sam's Definition of Pain and Injury | p. 211 |
| A Study of Identity Formation in a Maximum Security Prison | p. 212 |
| A Study of Orthodox Synagogue Life | p. 213 |
| A Study of Little League Baseball | p. 215 |
| A Study of Bachelorhood and Conversion | p. 215 |
| Symbolic Interactionism: Some Examples of Application | p. 216 |
| An Understanding of Society | p. 218 |
| An Understanding of Racism in Society | p. 218 |
| An Understanding of Gender Differences | p. 221 |
| An Understanding of Dating, Marriage, and Family | p. 222 |
| An Understanding of Childhood Socialization | p. 223 |
| Symbolic Interactionism: A View of the College Experience | p. 225 |
| Symbolic Interactionism: A Final Look at Application | p. 226 |
| The Importance of the Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | p. 227 |
| Summary | p. 229 |
| References | p. 230 |
| Index | p. 231 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |