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Surveying, 5th Edition

by: Jack C. McCormac (Clemson University)

Surveying, 5th Edition

by: Jack C. McCormac (Clemson University)

ISBN 13:
9780471237587
ISBN 10:
0471237582
Edition: 5th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 10/01/2003
Publisher: Wiley
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Summary

This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the essential skills necessary in surveying and civil engineering. It covers measurements, distance corrections, leveling, angles, area computation, computer calculations, topographic surveying, electronic distance measuring instruments, and construction surveying. * Includes photos and diagrams, lists of useful addresses and degree programs, surveying tables and formulas. * Updated to include more coverage of GPS and GIS.

Introduction

(15)

Surveying

(1)

Geomatics

(1)

Famous Surveyors

(1)

Early History of Surveying

(3)

Plane Surveys

(1)

Geodetic Surveys

(1)

Types of Surveys

(2)

Modern Surveying Equipment

(2)

Use of Old Surveying Equipment

(1)

Maintenance of Equipment

(1)

Importance of Surveying

(1)

Safety

(1)

Liability Insurance

(1)

Opportunities In Surveying

(2)

Problems

(2)

Introduction to Measurements

(20)

Measurement

(1)

Necessity for Accurate Surveys

(1)

Accuracy and Precision

(1)

Errors and Mistakes

(1)

Sources of Errors

(1)

Systematic and Accidental or Random Errors

(1)

Discussion of Accidental or Random Errors

(1)

Occurrence of Accidental or Random Errors

(2)

Probability Curve

(2)

Propagation of Accidental or Random Errors

(4)

Significant Figures

(1)

Field Notes

(2)

Electronically Recorded Notes

(2)

Office Work and Digital Computers

(1)

Planning

(3)

Problems

(3)

Distance Measurement

(30)

Introduction

(2)

Pacing

(1)

Odometers and Measuring Wheels

(1)

Tachymetry

(3)

Taping or Chaining

(1)

Electronic Distance Measurements

(1)

Global Positioning System

(1)

Summary of Measurement Methods

(1)

Equipment Required for Taping

(4)

Taping Over Level Ground

(2)

Taping Along Sloping Ground or Over Underbrush

(5)

Review of Some Trigonometry

(9)

Problems

(4)

Distance Corrections

(20)

Introduction

(1)

Types of Corrections

(1)

Incorrect Tape Length or Standardization Error

(3)

Temperature Variations

(1)

Slope Corrections

(3)

Sag and Tension Corrections

(2)

Combined Taping Corrections

(1)

Common Mistakes Made In Taping

(1)

Errors In Taping

(2)

Magnitude of Errors

(1)

Suggestions for Good Taping

(1)

Taping Precision

(5)

Problems

(5)

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs)

(18)

Introduction

(1)

Basic Terms

(1)

Types of EDMs

(2)

Timed-Pulse Instruments

(1)

Setting up, Leveling, and Centering EDMs

(2)

Necessary Steps for Measuring Distances With EDMs

(1)

Errors In EDM Measurements

(2)

Calibration of EDM Equipment

(2)

Accuracies of EDMs

(1)

Computation of Horizontal Distances From Slope Distances

(1)

Training of Personnel

(1)

Summary Comments On EDMs

100

(3)

Problems

100

(3)

Introduction to Leveling

103

(20)

Importance of Leveling

103

(1)

Basic Definitions

103

(1)

Reference Elevations or Datums

104

(1)

First-, Second-, and Third-Order Surveys

105

(2)

Methods of Leveling

107

(1)

The Level

108

(1)

Types of Levels

109

(6)

Level Rods

115

(2)

Setting up the Level

117

(1)

Sensitivity of Bubble Tubes

118

(1)

Care of Equipment

119

(4)

Problems

121

(2)

Differential Leveling

123

(22)

Theory of Spirit Leveling

123

(1)

Definitions

124

(1)

Differential Leveling Described

125

(1)

Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction

126

(2)

Verniers

128

(2)

Level Rod Targets

130

(1)

Common Leveling Mistakes

131

(1)

Leveling Errors

132

(3)

Suggestions for Good Leveling

135

(1)

Comments On Telescope Readings

136

(1)

Precision of Differential Leveling

136

(1)

Hand Signals

137

(8)

Problems

138

(7)

Leveling, Continued

145

(16)

Adjustments of Level Circuits

145

(4)

Precise Leveling

149

(3)

Profile Leveling

152

(1)

Profiles

153

(1)

Cross Sections

154

(2)

Mistakes In Nonclosed Leveling Routes

156

(5)

Problems

157

(4)

Angles and Directions

161

(20)

Meridians

161

(1)

Units for Measuring Angles

162

(1)

Azimuths

163

(1)

Bearings

163

(1)

The Compass

164

(1)

Variations In Magnetic Declination

165

(2)

Direction Arrow Convention

167

(1)

Local Attraction

167

(1)

Reading Bearings With a Compass

167

(3)

Detecting Local Attraction

170

(1)

Traverse Angle Definitions

170

(1)

Traverse Computations

171

(3)

Magnetic Declination Problems

174

(7)

Problems

175

(6)

Measuring Angle and Directions With Total Stations

181

(18)

Transits and Theodolites (Obsolete)

181

(1)

Introduction to Total Stations

182

(1)

Types of Total Stations

183

(3)

Disadvantages of Total Stations

186

(1)

Parts of Total Stations

186

(1)

Surveying With Total Stations

187

(1)

Setting Up the Total Station

188

(1)

Pointing the Instrument

189

(1)

Measuring Horizontal Angles

190

(1)

Closing the Horizon

191

(1)

Measuring Angles By Repetition

191

(3)

Direction Method for Measuring Horizontal Angles

194

(1)

Measuring Zenith Angles

195

(1)

Robotic Total Stations

196

(1)

Use of Data Collectors With Total Stations

197

(1)

Care of Instruments

197

(2)

Problems

198

(1)

Miscellaneous Angle Discussion

199

(14)

Common Errors In Angle Measurement

199

(2)

Common Mistakes In Measuring Angles

201

(1)

Angle-Distance Relationships

201

(1)

Traversing

202

(1)

Older Methods of Traversing

203

(1)

Modern Traversing With Total Stations

204

(3)

Intersection of Two Lines

207

(1)

Measuring An Angle Where The Instrument Cannot Be Set Up

208

(1)

Prolonging a Straight Line By Double Centering

209

(1)

Establishing Points On a Straight Line Between Two Given Points

210

(1)

Cleaning Surveying Equipment

211

(2)

Problems

211

(2)

Traverse Adjustment and Area Computation

213

(28)

Introduction

213

(1)

Computations

213

(1)

Methods of Calculating Areas

213

(2)

Balancing Angles

215

(1)

Latitudes and Departures

216

(1)

Error of Closure

217

(2)

Balancing Latitudes and Departures

219

(2)

Double Meridian Distances

221

(2)

Double Parallel Distances

223

(1)

Rectangular Coordinates

223

(3)

Areas Computed By Coordinates

226

(1)

Alternative Coordinate Method

227

(1)

Areas Within Irregular Boundaries

228

(13)

Problems

234

(7)

Computer Calculations and Omitted Measurements

241

(16)

Computers

241

(1)

Programs

241

(1)

Application of the Computer Program SURVEY

242

(1)

Computer Example

243

(1)

A Potential Warning: Danger In Computer Use

244

(1)

Omitted Measurements

245

(1)

Length and Bearing Of One Side Missing

246

(1)

Using Survey to Determine the Length and Bearing of a Missing Side

247

(1)

Example Radiation Problem

248

(3)

Computer Solution for Radiation Problem

251

(1)

Resection

251

(6)

Problems

252

(5)

Topographic Surveying

257

(20)

Introduction

257

(1)

Contours

258

(3)

Plotting of Topographic Maps

261

(3)

Summary of Contour Characteristics

264

(1)

Map Symbols

264

(1)

Completing the Map

265

(1)

Specifications for Topographic Maps

266

(1)

Methods of Obtaining Topography

266

(1)

Transit-Stadia Method of Mapping

267

(4)

Plane Table Surveys

271

(1)

Topographic Details Obtained With Total Stations

272

(1)

Selection of Points for Topographic Mapping

273

(1)

Profiles From Contour Maps

274

(1)

Checklist of Items to Be Included On a Topographic Map

274

(3)

Problems

275

(2)

The Global Positioning System (GPS)

277

(16)

Introduction

277

(1)

Monitoring Stations

278

(1)

Uses of GPS

279

(2)

Basic Theory

281

(2)

How Can the Travel Time of a Satellite Signal Be Measured?

283

(2)

Clock Bias

285

(1)

GPS Errors In Detail

286

(1)

Minimizing Errors

287

(1)

Point Positioning and Relative Positioning

288

(1)

Receivers

289

(1)

HARN

290

(1)

CORS

290

(1)

GPS Signals

291

(1)

GPS On the World Wide Web

291

(2)

Problems

291

(2)

GPS Field Applications

293

(12)

Geoid and Ellipsoid

293

(1)

Field Applications

294

(1)

Static GPS Surveys

295

(1)

Kinematic Surveying

296

(1)

Dilution of Precision (DOP)

296

(2)

Planning

298

(1)

Example Problem

299

(3)

Differencing

302

(3)

Problems

304

(1)

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

305

(14)

Definition of Geographic Information Systems

305

(2)

Why GIS?

307

(1)

Evolution of GIS

308

(1)

Thematic Layering

309

(2)

Levels of Use of a GIS

311

(1)

Uses of Geographic Information Systems

311

(1)

Objectives of a GIS

312

(1)

Advantages of a GIS

312

(2)

Land Information Systems (LIS)

314

(1)

Accuracy in a GIS

315

(1)

Control Surveying

316

(1)

Legal Concerns With GIS

316

(3)

Problems

317

(2)

GIS, Continued

319

(14)

Essential Elements of a GIS

319

(1)

Data Acquisition

319

(1)

Preprocessing

320

(1)

Data Management

320

(1)

Manipulation and Analysis

321

(1)

Product Generation

322

(1)

Putting Data Into the Computer

322

(1)

Spatial Data Models

322

(5)

Geographical Data

327

(1)

Coordinates and Map Projections

328

(1)

Conclusion to GIS Discussion

329

(4)

Problems

331

(2)

Construction Surveying

333

(14)

Introduction

333

(1)

Work of the Construction Surveyor

333

(2)

Trade Unions

335

(1)

Property Survey from the Contractor's Viewpoint

335

(1)

Preliminary Surveys

336

(1)

Grade Stakes

337

(1)

Referencing Points for Construction

337

(2)

Building Layout

339

(1)

Base Lines (Layout Performed By Surveyors)

340

(2)

Radial Staking Methods

342

(1)

Batter Boards

342

(2)

Building Layout: Contractor Method

344

(1)

As-Built Surveys

345

(2)

Problems

345

(2)

Volumes

347

(18)

Introduction

347

(1)

Slopes and Slope Stakes

347

(2)

Borrow Pits

349

(2)

Cross Sections

351

(1)

Areas of Cross Sections

352

(2)

Computation of Earthwork Volumes

354

(4)

Mass Diagram

358

(1)

Volumes From Contour Maps

359

(1)

Volume Formulas for Geometric Shapes

360

(5)

Problems

361

(4)

Land Surveying or Property Surveying

365

(18)

Introduction

365

(1)

Title Transfer and Land Records

365

(1)

Common Law

366

(1)

Monuments

367

(1)

Blazing Trees

368

(1)

The Land Surveyor: A Specialist

368

(1)

Monuments, Bearings, Distances, and Areas

369

(1)

Miscellaneous Terms Relating to Land Surveying

370

(3)

Resurveys

373

(1)

Metes and Bounds

374

(2)

The U.S. Public Lands Survey System

376

(1)

Early Days of the System

377

(1)

Outline of the System

378

(3)

Meander Lines

381

(1)

Witness Corners

381

(1)

Deed Descriptions of Land

381

(2)

Problems

381

(2)

Horizontal Curves

383

(24)

Introduction

383

(2)

Degree of Curvature and Radius of Curvature

385

(1)

Curve Equations

386

(2)

Deflection Angles

388

(1)

Selection and Staking Out of Curves

389

(2)

Computer Example

391

(1)

Field Procedure for Staking Out Curves

392

(3)

Circular Curves Using the SI System

395

(1)

Horizontal Curves Passing Through Certain Points

396

(2)

Spiral Curves

398

(9)

Problems

404

(3)

Vertical Curves

407

(16)

Introduction

407

(1)

Vertical Curve Calculations

408

(3)

Miscellaneous Items Relating to Vertical Curves

411

(1)

Unequal-Tangent Vertical Curves

412

(3)

Vertical Curve Passing Through a Certain Point

415

(1)

Parabolic Equation

416

(1)

Computer Example

417

(1)

Crowns

418

(1)

Superelevation

418

(5)

Problems

420

(3)

Surveying---the Profession

423

(6)

Surveying Licenses

423

(1)

Registration Requirements

423

(1)

Penalties for Practicing Surveying Without a License

424

(1)

Reasons for Becoming Registered

425

(1)

A Profession

425

(1)

Code of Ethics

426

(2)

To Be Classed as a Professional

428

(1)

Conclusion

428

(1)

Problems

428

(1)

Appendix A Some Useful Addresses

429

(2)

Appendix B Baccalaureate Degree Programs in Surveying

431

(2)

Appendix C Some Useful Formulas

433

(2)

Appendix D Transits and Theodolites

435

(10)

Glossary

445

(6)

Index

451

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Surveying, 5th Edition

Surveying, 5th Edition

9780471237587

0471237582

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Surveying, 5th Edition

Surveying, 5th Edition

9780471237587

0471237582

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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