Ch 1  Critical Reading  

Why Read?  

Reading for Best Results  

        Tips for Reading Critically

Critical Reading in Action  

·          Lawrence Downes, “The Shy, Egg-Stealing Neighbor You Didn’t Know You Had” [Annotated professional essay]

Reading as Inquiry

    Strategy Checklist: Reading Critically                    

·          George Orwell, “A Hanging” 

Reading Visual Images 

        Reading a Photograph

        Tips for Reading Photographs

        Reading Advertisements

        Tips for Reading Advertisements

        Reading Graphs, Tables, and Charts

        Tips for Reading Graphs, Tables, and Charts

        Reading Cartoons

        Tips for Reading Cartoons

        Reading Web Sites

        Tips for Reading and Evaluating Web Sites

    Strategy Checklist:  Reading and Evaluating Web Sites

Models of Writing 

·          Christopher Caldwell, “Intimate Shopping: Should Everyone Know What You Bought Today?” 

    Strategy Checklist:  Reading and Interpreting Visuals

Ch 2  Active Writing 

Choosing a Good Topic 

        Setting Limits on a Topic 

        Narrowing a Topic in Stages 

Determining Your Purpose and Audience 

        Prewriting 

    Strategy Checklist: Prewriting 

Organizing Ideas 

Writing Drafts 

        Tips for Writing a Rough Draft 

One Student Writing: First Draft 

·          First Draft: John Fousek, “My Roommate” [Student Essay] 

    Strategy Checklist: Getting Started with Writing 

Collaborative Learning

Ch 3  Finding and Supporting a Thesis 

Understanding the Thesis 

Elements of a Good Thesis 

        Tips for Evaluating a Thesis 

Stating Your Thesis 

        Tips for Developing a Thesis 

        Thesis Statements: Strong or Weak?

Supporting Your Thesis: Details 

        Using Sensory Details 

        Using Data: Statistics, Cases, and Expert Testimony 

Student Writing: Thesis and Details

·          Thomas Healey, “You Must Be Crazy!” [Student essay] 

·          Joseph Anderson, “Getting Juiced” [Student essay] 

Models of Writing 

·          Nicholas D. Kristof, “Love and Race” 

·          Langston Hughes, “Salvation” [Story] 

    Strategy Checklist: Stating and Supporting a Thesis 

Ch 4  Planning a Paper: Outlining 

Why Outline?

Creating a Rough Outline 

Making a Formal Outline 

        Establishing Main Divisions 

        Adding Supporting Details 

        Formatting a Formal Outline  

        Writing a Topic Outline 

Correcting a Formal Outline

One Student Writing: From Prewriting to Essay   

·          Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ozymandias” [Poem] 

·          Prewriting, Rough Outline, Formal Outline, Essay: Alan Benjamin, “Enough Despair to Go Around” [Student essay] 

Preparing Your Formal Outline 

        Tips for Writing a Formal Outline 

    Strategy Checklist: Preparing a Formal Outline   

Ch 5  Writing Your Paper: An Overview   

Writing a Strong Introduction 

        Stating the Thesis 

        Forecasting the Paper 

        Using Different Introductory Strategies 

        Tips for Writing a Strong Introduction 

Writing the Body Paragraphs 

        Writing Topic Sentences 

One Student Writing: Topic Sentences 

·          Hugh Nicholes, “The Mechanics of Backyard Mechanics” [Student essay] 

        Writing Transitions 

        Developing Paragraphs: Unity and Coherence 

        Tips for Achieving Paragraph Unity

        Tips for Achieving Paragraph Coherence 

Writing a Strong Conclusion 

        Tips for Writing a Strong Conclusion 

Ch 6  Revising, Editing, and Proofreading Your Paper   

Revising Your Paper

        Revising to Improve Your Thesis

        Revising for Appropriate Supporting Detail

        Revising for Better Organization

        Revising for Purpose and Audience

        Revising for Suitable Structure: Introduction, Body Paragraphs, Conclusion

Peer Review: Learning from Other Students 

One Student Writing: Revising and Editing 

·          Intermediate Draft: John Fousek, “My Roommate” [Student Essay] 

        Tips for Editing Your Paper

Learning from Your Instructor’s Comments 

·          Intermediate Draft with Instructor Comments: John Fousek, “My Roommate” [Student Essay] 

Proofreading 

        Tips for Careful Proofreading  

Putting It All Together 

    Strategy Checklist: Revising and Editing Your Drafts   

One Student Writing: Final Draft 

·          Final Draft: John Fousek, “My Roommate, Jim” [Student Essay] 

A Brief Note on Style 

PART 2  Methods of Development 

Ch 7  Description 

Writing Your Descriptive Paper 

        Tips for Writing a Descriptive Essay 

Assignment: Description

Student Writing: Description 

·          Nick Fiscina, “Dad’s Disappointment” [Student essay] 

·          Thomas Albanese, “High School Practice” [Student essay] 

Description in the World Around You

Readings for Writing

·          Esmeralda Santiago, “A Blanco Navidad for New Yorikans”  [Annotated Professional Essay]

·          Roger Angell, “On the Ball” 

·          Joan Didion, “Marrying Absurd” 

·          Maxine Hong Kingston, "My Mother Has Cooked for Us" 

Reading and Writing About Poetry 

·          Mark Strand, “Black Sea” [Poem] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Descriptive Paper 

Crosscurrents

Collaborative Learning

Ch 8  Narration 

Writing Your Narrative Paper 

        Tips for Writing a Narrative Essay 

Assignment: Narration

Student Writing: Narration 

·          Alycia Hatten, “The Death of Santa Claus” [Student essay] 

·          Jarrett David Lee Jackson, “My Father’s House” [Student essay] 

Narration in the World Around You

Readings for Writing 

·          Carol K. Littlebrandt, “Death Is a Personal Matter” 

·          Tanya Barrientos, “Se Habla Espanõl”

·          Greg Sarris, “‘You Don’t Look Indian’” 

·          Kate Chopin, “The Story of an Hour” [Story] 

Reading and Writing About Poetry 

·          Countee Cullen, “Incident” [Poem] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Narrative Paper 

Crosscurrents

Collaborative Learning

Ch 9  Example 

Writing Your Example Paper 

        Tips for Writing an Example Essay 

        Seeing an Example Paper Plan

Assignment:  Example

Student Writing: Example 

·          Monica Branch, “Keep It Simple” [Student essay] 

Researched Student Writing: Example 

·          Laura Merkner, “Children of Television” [MLA-style essay] 

Example in the World Around You

Critical Reading: Example 

·          Verlyn Klinkenborg, “Inside the Mind’s Eye, a Network of Highways” [Annotated professional essay] 

Readings for Writing 

·          John Updike, “Childhood Transgressions” 

·          Barbara Ehrenreich, “What I’ve Learned from Men” 

·          John Grisham, “Boxers, Briefs and Books”

·          Judy Brady, “I Want a Wife” 

Reading and Writing About Poetry 

·          Edna St. Vincent Millay, “Lament” [Poem] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Example Paper 

Crosscurrents

Collaborative Learning

Ch 10  Process 

Writing Your Process Paper 

        Tips for Writing a Process Essay 

Assignment:  Process

Student Writing: Process 

·          Michael Wollan, “Coffee Time” [Student essay] 

Researched Student Writing: Process

·          Omprakash K. Pansara, “Preparing for he First Day of Classes” [MLA-Style essay] 

Process in the World Around You

Readings for Writing 

·          Mark A. Shiffrin and Avi Silberschatz

·          Mildred Armstrong Kalish, “Wash Day” 

·          Nikki Giovanni, “Campus Racism 101”

·          Susan Douglas, “Remote Control: How to Raise a Media Skeptic” 

Reading and Writing About Poetry 

·          Robert Frost, “Fire and Ice” [Poem] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Process Paper 

Crosscurrents

Collaborative Learning

Ch 11  Comparison and Contrast 

Writing Your Comparison–Contrast Paper   

        Tips for Writing a Comparison–Contrast Essay 

Assignment:  Comparison and Contrast

Student Writing: Comparison­ ­–Contrast 

Subject-by-Subject Pattern 

·          Carey Byer, “In the Swim” [Student outline and essay] 

Point-by-Point Pattern 

·          Benjamin Simonovich, “Two Jobs” [Student outline and essay] 

Comparison and Contrast in the World Around You

Readings for Writing 

·          Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens), “The Professional” 

·          William Zinsser, “Speaking of Writing” 

·          Suzanne Britt, “That Lean and Hungry Look” 

·          David Brooks, “The Medium is the Medium”

·          Shirley Jackson, “Charles” [Story] 

·          Saki (H.H. Munro), “The Open Window” [Story] 

Legalizing Drugs: Two Web Sites for Comparison and Contrast 

·          Office of National Drug Control Policy [Home page] 

·          Marijuana Policy Project [Home page] 

Love, Sweet Love: Two Poems for Comparison and Contrast 

·          William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29, “When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes” [Poem] 

·          William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130, “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun” [Poem] 

·          Julie Olivera, “Two Kinds of Love” [Student essay] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Comparison and Contrast Paper 

Crosscurrents

Collaborative Learning

Ch 12  Classification and Division 

Classification and Division in Action 

Using Division (or Analysis) 

Using Classification 

How Are Division and Classification Different? 

Reviewing Division Strategies 

Writing Your Classification Paper 

        Tips for Writing a Classification Essay 

Assignment:  Classification

Student Writing: Classification 

·          Yvonne C. Younger, “Tomorrow, Tomorrow” [Student essay]   

Classification in the World Around You

Readings for Writing 

·          Jared Sandberg, “A Brief, Handy Guide to Those Odd Birds in the Upper Branches” 

·          John Holt, “Three Kinds of Disciplines” 

·          Amartya Sen, “A World Not Neatly Divided” 

·          Cass R. Sunstein, “How Polarizing Is the Internet?” 

Reading and Writing About Poetry 

·          Robert Frost, “The Rose Family” [Poem] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Classification Paper 

Crosscurrents

Collaborative Learning

Ch 13   Cause and Effect 

Writing Your Cause and Effect Paper 

    Tips for Writing a Cause and Effect Essay 

Assignment: Cause and Effect

Student Writing: Cause and Effect 

·          Richard S. Smith, “Cause for Failure” [Student essay] 

Researched Student Writing: Cause and Effect 

·          Richard Yee, “Banning Same-Sex Marriage: An Attack on an American Institution” [MLA-style essay] 

Cause and Effect in the World Around You

Readings for Writing 

·          Bob Herbert, “Tweet Less, Kiss More”

·          Carll Tucker, “On Splitting” 

·          Mohan Sivanand, “Why I Write Wrong” 

·          Brent Staples, “What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up in Cyberspace” 

·          Mike Twohy, “Reassigned Pending an Investigation” [Cartoon] 

Reading and Writing About Poetry 

·          A. E. Housman, “Is my team ploughing…” [Poem] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Cause and Effect Paper 

Crosscurrents

Ch 14   Definition 

Writing Your Definition Paper 

        Beginning a Formal Definition 

        Tips for Writing One-Sentence Definitions 

        Drafting Your Formal Definition Paper   

        Writing an Informal Definition Paper 

Assignment:  Definition

Student Writing: Formal Definition 

·          Frederick Spense, “Everyone Is Equal in the Grave” [Student essay] 

Student Writing: Informal Definition 

·          Helen Fleming, “The Grinnies” [Student essay] 

Definition in the World Around You

Readings for Writing 

·          David Owen, “The Perfect Job” 

·          Lev Grossman, "Meet Joe Blog"

·          Lorenzo Albacete, “The Struggle with Celibacy”

·          Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., “Harrison Bergeron” [Story] 

Reading and Writing About Poetry 

·          Langston Hughes, “Dreams” [Poem] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Definition Paper 

Crosscurrents

Collaborative Learning

Ch 15  Argumentation 

Using Logic 

        Induction 

        Deduction 

        Using Induction and Deduction 

        Avoiding Logical Fallacies

        Making Appeals 

Writing Your Argumentation Paper 

        Writing a Formal Argument 

        Tips for Writing a Formal Argument 

        Developing a Debatable Position 

Assignment: Argumentation

Student Writing: Argumentation 

·          Sandra Travis-Edwards, “The Right Not to Vote” [Student essay] 

Argumentation: Perspectives on Immigrants in America 

·          US Immigration Support, “Illegal Immigration”

·          “Report an Illegal Alien”

·          J. B. Handlesman, “Undocumented Aliens” [Cartoon]

·          “The Utah Compact”

·          Nick Milano, “Citizenship for Christmas” [Student essay] 

·          Quynh Nguyen, “Being a Recent American” [Student essay] 

Argumentation:  Perspectives on the Death Penalty   

·          Lauren Heist, “Capital Punishment: An Example for Criminals” [Student essay] 

·          Alex Shalom, “Abolish the Death Penalty” [Student essay] 

·          Mark Essig, “Continuing the Search for Kinder Executions” 

·          Robert Mankoff, “Good News” [Cartoon] 

Argumentation in the World Around You

Readings for Writing 

·          Stephanie Coontz, “Till Children Do Us Part”

·          James Q. Wilson, “Just Take Away Their Guns” 

·          Meg Greenfield, “In Defense of the Animals” 

Reading and Writing About Poetry 

·          Thomas Hardy, “The Man He Killed” [Poem] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Argument Paper 

Crosscurrents

Collaborative Learning

Ch 16  Mixing Methods of Development 

Developing Your Paper through Mixed Modes   

        Tips for Developing a Mixed Modes Essay 

        Mixing Methods: Looking at Possibilities 

Assignment: Mixed Methods of Development

Student Writing: Mixing Methods in Developing Your Essay 

·          Brian Jarvis, “Against the Great Divide” [Student essay] 

Critical Reading: Mixed Methods of Development 

·          Timothy K. Beal, “Bibles du Jour” [Annotated professional essay] 

Readings for Writing 

·          Herbert J. Gans, “Fitting the Poor Into the Economy”   

·          Reshma Memon Yaqub, “You People Did This”   

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Mixed Modes Paper 

Crosscurrents

Collaborative Learning

PART 3   Special Writing 

Ch 17  Literary Analysis 

Writing Your Analysis of Literature 

        Reading Literature for Analysis 

        Tips for Reading Literature for Analysis 

        Interpreting Symbols 

        Tips for Avoiding Traps Involving Symbols 

        Watching for Metaphors and Similes 

        Avoiding Common Pitfalls in Literary Analysis 

        Tips for Avoiding Common Pitfalls in Literary Analysis 

Student Writing: Literary Analysis 

·          Harriett McKay, “The Beginning of the End” [Student essay] 

Readings for Writing 

·          Jamaica Kincaid, “Girl” [Story] 

·          Ann Petry, “Doby’s Gone” [Story] 

·          Edgar Allan Poe, “TheTell-Tale Heart” [Story] 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Literary Analysis Paper 

Ch 18  Writing Essay Exams 

Preparing for the Exam 

Evaluating the Question 

Planning and Writing Your Essay 

        Tips for Planning and Writing Your Essay 

    Strategy Checklist: Taking an Essay Exam 

Ch 19  Business Writing: An Overview 

Writing Inquiry and Complaint Letters 

        Letter of Inquiry 

        Letter of Complaint 

        Letter Format 

        Tips for Writing and Formatting a Letter 

Online Job Search

        Tips for Online Job Hunters

Writing a Letter to Apply for a Job 

Writing Your Résumé 

        Tips for Preparing a Resume 

        Electronic (Digital) Résumés 

Writing Memorandums and E-mail 

PART 4  Research 

Ch 20  Doing Research 

Choosing Your Subject 

Doing Preliminary Reading 

        Searching the World Wide Web 

        “Googling” Your Subject 

        Evaluating On-line Sources

        Tips for Evaluating Web Sties Used in Your Research

        Using General Encyclopedias 

        Using Specialized Reference Works 

Preparing Your Preliminary Outline 

Why Libraries?

Limiting Your Research Topic

Determining a Research Question

Finding Sources and Developing a Working Reference List 

        Finding Articles

        Finding Books: The Online Catalog 

        Keeping Records for Your Reference List   

Taking Notes 

        Note-taking Options: Pencils or Keyboards?

        Evaluating Sources

        Tips for Evaluating Your Sources

        Recording Quotations 

        Summarizing and Paraphrasing in Your Notes 

        Disagreements: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions 

Developing Your Thesis

Preparing Your Formal Outline 

        Making a Slug Outline 

        Writing a Formal Outline 

    Strategy Checklist: Doing Research 

Ch 21  Writing Your Research Paper 

Writing Your Research Paper: An Overview 

        The First Draft 

        Subsequent Drafts 

        Using Explanatory Notes

        Toward the Final Copy 

Quoting and Paraphrasing Your Sources 

        Quoting an Original Source  

        Paraphrasing an Original Source  

        Direct Quotations: How Many? 

Avoiding Plagiarism 

Documenting Sources in the Humanities: MLA Style 

        Parenthetical Citations 

        A List of Works Cited 

        Preparing the Works Cited List 

        Tips for Preparing the Works Cited List 

Documenting Sources in the Social Sciences: APA Style 

        Parenthetical Citations 

        A List of APA References 

        Preparing Your References List 

        Tips for Preparing an APA References List 

Preparing Your Manuscript 

        Tips for Preparing the Final Copy 

    Strategy Checklist: Writing Your Research Paper 

Frequently Asked Questions about Writing Research Papers 

Sample MLA-Style Research Paper 

·          Elizabeth Kessler, “The Banning of the Polygraph” [MLA-style essay] 

PART 5  Style 

Ch 22  Proper Words in Proper Places 

Denotation and Connotation 

        The Importance of Connotation    

        Word Sensitivity   

Abstract Writing and Concrete Writing 

        Using Specific Details 

        Using Specific Words and Phrases 

        Using Comparisons 

Ch 23  Effective Sentences 

Wordiness and Economy 

        Cutting Deadwood 

        Avoiding Pointless Repetition of Meaning 

        Cutting Unnecessary Clauses 

        Avoiding Delay of Subject 

Passive and Active Verbs 

Faulty Parallelism 

        What Is Parallelism? 

        Avoiding Faulty Parallelism 

Faulty Subordination and Sentence Combining 

Sentence Monotony and Variety 

        Varying Sentence Length 

        Varying Sentence Structure 

Ch 24     Additional Style Problems and Solutions 

Triteness 

Euphemisms 

Repetition, Good and Bad 

        Repetition for Clarity 

        Repetition for Impact 

        Undesirable Repetition of Meaning 

        Undesirable Repetition of the Same Word 

        Undesirable Repetition of Sounds 

Slang 

Fancy Writing 

Sexist Language 

        Tips for Avoiding Sexist Language 

Miscellaneous Do’s and Don’ts 

        Tips for Writing in an Academic Style 

PART 6  Handbook,  Glossary, and ESL Pointers 

Handbook 

Glossary of Problem Words 

ESL Pointers:Tips for Non-Native Writers 

Verbs and Helping Verbs, Including Modals 

        Summary Checklist: Principal Parts and Auxiliaries for Three Sample Verbs 

        Using Helping Verbs and Modals with Principal Parts of Verbs 

Phrasal Verbs 

        Tips and Pointers for Phrasal Verbs 

Nouns:Countable and Uncountable 

    Examples of Nouns You Cannot Count 

        The articles a, and, and the 

Prepositions 

          Using in, at, and on 

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