3.1 Gravity Loads 7

3.2 Lateral Loads 7

3.3 Dynamic Loads 10

3.4 Impact Loads 12

3.5 Load Paths 12

4.1 Tension 17

4.2 Compression 17

4.3 Shear 18

4.4 Torsion 19

4.5 Bending 19

5.1 Applied and Reactive Forces 23

5.2 Translational Movement 23

5.3 Rotational Movement 24

5.4 Levers 24

5.5 Moment 25

6.1 Introduction 27

6.2 Translational Equilibrium 27

6.3 Rotational Equilibrium 28

6.4 Sign Conventions 29

6.5 The Equilibrium Equations 29

6.6 Free-Body Diagrams and Familiar Examples of Equilibrium 30

6.7 Introduction to Bending in Beams 39

7.1 Forces, Vectors, and Lines of Action 41

7.2 Combining and Resolving Concurrent Forces 44

7.3 Familiar Examples of Concurrent Forces 49

8.1 Roller and Frictionless-Surface Supports 55

8.2 Pinned Supports 56

8.3 Fixed Supports 58

8.4 Hanger Supports 60

8.5 Familiar Examples of Support Conditions 61

8.6 Stable or Unstable? 74

9.1 Point Loads 79

9.2 Distributed Loads 80

9.3 Equivalent Point Loads 81

9.4 Uniformly Distributed Loads 82

9.5 Non-Uniformly Distributed Loads 85

10.1 Beam Types 87

10.2 Predicting Deformation, Deflection, and Beam Behavior 88

10.3 Statically Determinate and Statically Indeterminate Beams 90

10.4 Other Considerations for Beams 94

11.1 One-Way Systems 99

11.2 Two-Way Slab and Beam Systems 103

11.3 Two-Way Slab/Two-Way Joist Systems 106

12.1 Sign Conventions 109

12.2 Typical Shear and Moment Diagrams 110

12.3 Creating Shear and Moment Diagrams 114

12.4 Comparing V and M for Uniformly Distributed Versus Concentrated Loading 120

12.5 Summary of Deformation, Shear, and Moment Relationships 123

13.1 Stress 125

13.2 Strain 126

13.3 Stress versus Strain 127

13.4 Properties of Materials 129

13.5 Stress Distribution Diagrams 130

14.1 Columns, Compression, and Bending 131

14.2 Column Loading 131

14.3 Column Compression 134

14.4 Column Bending 135

14.5 Leonhard Euler and Column Buckling 139

15.1 Triangular Frames 141

15.2 Rectangular Frames 141

15.3 Making Rectangular Frames Rigid 142

15.4 Lateral Resistance Systems 145

16.1 Introduction 151

16.2 Trusses as Beams 152

16.3 Types of Trusses 154

16.4 Design Considerations 155

16.5 Truss Joints 157

16.6 Truss Loading 158

16.7 Truss Analysis 159

17.1 Loads and Deformational Stresses 172

17.2 Stresses and Wall Construction 173

17.3 Retaining Walls 175

18.1 The Earth’s Interior 183

18.2 The Earth’s Crust 183

18.3 Natural Soils 186

18.4 Groundwater 186

18.5 Engineered Fill 187

18.6 Foundation Settlement 187

18.7 Soil-Bearing Capacity and Subsurface Conditions 187

19.1 Shallow Foundations 189

19.2 Deep Foundations 197

A2.1 Composition and Manufacture 211

A2.2 Characteristics and Properties 211

A2.3 The American Institute of Steel Construction 212

A2.4 Grades of Structural Steel 212

A2.5 Shapes and Forms 212

A2.6 Joining Steel 214

A2.7 Decking 223

A2.8 The Design/Fabrication/Erection Process 224

A2.9 Related Terms 224

A3.1 Composition and Manufacture 229

A3.2 Curing 230

A3.3 Characteristics and Properties 231

A3.4 Related Terms 231

A4.1 Source and Manufacture 233

A4.2 Products 234

A4.3 Characteristics and Properties 236

A4.4 Structural Considerations 236

A4.5 Related Terms 237

A5.1 Center of Gravity and Centroids 239

A5.2 Moment of Inertia 242

A5.3 Section Modulus 247

A5.4 Radius of Gyration 250

A6.1 Basic Trigonometric Functions of a Right Triangle 257

A6.2 Basic Trigonometric Values of Frequently Used Angles 257

A6.3 Proportions of Special Right Triangles 258

A6.4 The Pythagorean Theorem 258

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