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| Preface | p. viii |
| Essentials for Statistics | p. 1 |
| Effective Strategies for Studying Statistics | p. 2 |
| Effective Strategies for Studying Statistics | p. 4 |
| Overcoming Math Anxiety | p. 7 |
| How to Deal with Math Anxiety | p. 12 |
| Basic Math Review | p. 15 |
| Positive and Negative Numbers | p. 17 |
| Fractions | p. 18 |
| Decimals and Percents | ... MOREp. 21 |
| Exponents and Roots | p. 21 |
| Order of Computation | p. 22 |
| Summation | p. 24 |
| Answers to Example Problems | p. 26 |
| Describing Univariate Data | p. 29 |
| Frequency Distributions | p. 30 |
| Variables | p. 31 |
| Scales of Measurement | p. 31 |
| Frequency Distributions | p. 33 |
| Graphing Data | p. 37 |
| The Normal Curve | p. 39 |
| Problems | p. 40 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 41 |
| Descriptive Statistics | p. 42 |
| Measures of Central Tendency | p. 43 |
| Selecting a Measure of Central Tendency | p. 45 |
| Measures of Variability | p. 48 |
| Problems | p. 55 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 55 |
| The Normal Curve | p. 56 |
| What Is the Normal Curve? | p. 57 |
| Proportions of Scores Under the Normal Curve | p. 58 |
| Problems | p. 61 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 61 |
| Percentiles and Standard Scores | p. 62 |
| Percentiles | p. 64 |
| Standard Scores | p. 65 |
| Other Standard Scores | p. 67 |
| Converting Standard Scores to Percentiles | p. 69 |
| A Word of Caution | p. 75 |
| Problems | p. 76 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 76 |
| Correlation Coefficients and Linear Regression | p. 79 |
| Correlation Coefficients | p. 80 |
| Correlation Coefficients | p. 81 |
| Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient | p. 82 |
| Interpreting Correlation Coefficients | p. 86 |
| Other Methods of Correlation | p. 88 |
| Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient | p. 88 |
| Problems | p. 89 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 89 |
| Linear Regression | p. 90 |
| Regression Equations | p. 91 |
| Standard Error of the Estimate | p. 94 |
| Problems | p. 96 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 96 |
| Inferential Statistics | p. 97 |
| Introduction to Inferential Statistics | p. 98 |
| The Sampling Experiment | p. 100 |
| Sample Values (Statistics) and Population Values (Parameters) | p. 102 |
| The Null Hypothesis | p. 105 |
| Type I and Type II Errors | p. 107 |
| Statistical Significance and Type I Error | p. 108 |
| Problems | p. 110 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 110 |
| The t Test | p. 112 |
| The t Test for Independent Samples | p. 113 |
| Formulas for the t Test for Independent Samples | p. 114 |
| The Critical Value of t: tcrit | p. 116 |
| Requirements for Using the f Test for Independent Samples | p. 118 |
| The t Test for Dependent (Matched) Samples | p. 119 |
| Directional Versus Nondirectional Tests | p. 122 |
| Problems | p. 123 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 124 |
| Analysis of Variance (Anova) | p. 125 |
| Computation Steps | p. 130 |
| Strength of Association | p. 132 |
| Post hoc Analyses | p. 133 |
| The Scheffé Method of Post hoc Analysis | p. 133 |
| Problems | p. 135 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 136 |
| Additional Topics: Nonparametric Statistics and Using Statistical Software Programs | p. 137 |
| Nonparametric Statistics: Chi-Square | p. 138 |
| One-Way Test of Chi-Square | p. 139 |
| Yates' Correction for Continuity | p. 141 |
| A Bit More | p. 142 |
| Problems | p. 142 |
| Answers to Problems | p. 143 |
| How to Use SPSS | p. 144 |
| Starting SPSS | p. 145 |
| Basic Steps in Data Analysis | p. 148 |
| Finding Help in SPSS | p. 156 |
| Postscript | p. 157 |
| Appendices | |
| Proportions of Area Under the Normal Curve | p. 161 |
| Table of Random Numbers | p. 165 |
| Critical Values of t | p. 170 |
| Critical Values of F | p. 172 |
| Critical Values of Chi-Squared | p. 176 |
| Glossary of Formulas | p. 178 |
| Index | p. 182 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |