9780130983404

Statistics for the Terrified, 3/E, is a user-friendly introduction to elementary statistics, intended primarily for the reluctant, math anxious/avoidant person. Written in a personal and informal style, with healthy doses of humor and encouragement, the aim of the book is to help readers make the leap from apprehension to comprehension of elementary statistics.The book presents state-of-the-art, empirically supported self-help strategies (based on the cognitive behavioral techniques of rational emotive therapy) that help readers manage their math anxiety so they can relax and build confidence while still learning statistics.For those who need to learn statistics to further their career.

Preface

ix

SECTION I Essentials for Statistics

1

(32)

Effective Strategies for Studying Statistics

3

(5)

Self-assessment

4

(1)

Assumptions about the Reader

4

(1)

Effective Strategies for Studying Statistics

5

(3)

Overcoming Math Anxiety

8

(9)

What Causes Math Anxiety?

9

(1)

Overview of Rational Emotive Therapy

9

(1)

Irrational Beliefs

10

(2)

Self-Talk

12

(1)

How to Deal with Math Anxiety

13

(4)

Basic Math Review

17

(16)

Basic Math Rules

19

(1)

Positive and Negative Numbers

19

(2)

Fractions

21

(2)

Decimals and Percents

23

(1)

Exponents and Roots

24

(1)

Order of Computation

25

(1)

Summation

26

(3)

Problems

29

(1)

Answers to Problems

30

(3)

SECTION II Describing Univariate Data

33

(58)

Frequency Distributions

35

(14)

What Are Statistics?

35

(1)

Variables

36

(1)

Scales of Measurement

37

(1)

Frequency Distributions

38

(4)

Graphing Data

42

(2)

The Normal Curve

44

(2)

Problems

46

(2)

Answers to Problems

48

(1)

Descriptive Statistics

49

(17)

Measures of Central Tendency

50

(2)

Selecting a Measure of Central Tendency

52

(3)

Measures of Variability

55

(8)

Problems

63

(1)

Answers to Problems

64

(2)

The Normal Curve

66

(6)

What Is the Normal Curve?

66

(4)

Problems

70

(1)

Answers to Problems

71

(1)

Percentiles and Standard Scores

72

(19)

Percentiles

74

(1)

Standard Scores

74

(3)

Other Standard Scores

77

(3)

Converting Standard Scores to Percentiles

80

(7)

A Word of Warning

87

(1)

Problems

87

(1)

Answers to Problems

88

(3)

SECTION III Correlation and Regression

91

(22)

Correlation Coefficients

93

(11)

Correlation Coefficients

94

(1)

Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient

95

(4)

Interpreting Correlation Coefficients

99

(2)

Other Methods of Correlation

101

(1)

Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

101

(1)

Problems

102

(1)

Answers to Problems

103

(1)

Linear Regression

104

(9)

Regression Equations

104

(3)

Standard Error of the Estimate

107

(3)

Problems

110

(1)

Answers to Problems

111

(2)

SECTION IV Inferential Statistics

113

(80)

Introduction to Inferential Statistics

115

(15)

Probability

116

(2)

The Sampling Experiment

118

(2)

Sample Values (Statistics) and Population Values (Parameters)

120

(3)

The Null Hypothesis

123

(2)

Type I and Type II Errors

125

(1)

Statistical Significance and Type I Error

126

(1)

Problems

127

(1)

Answers to Problems

128

(2)

The t Test

130

(15)

The t Test for Independent Samples

131

(1)

Formulas for the t Test for Independent Samples

132

(2)

The Critical Value of t

134

(3)

Requirements for Using the t Test for Independent Samples

137

(1)

The t Test for Dependent (Matched) Samples

137

(4)

Directional versus Nondirectional Tests

141

(1)

Problems

142

(2)

Answers to Problems

144

(1)

Analysts of Variance (ANOVA)

145

(15)

Computation Steps

151

(3)

Strength of Association

154

(1)

Post hoc Analyses

154

(1)

The Scheffe Method of Post hoc Analysis

155

(2)

Problems

157

(1)

Answers to Problems

158

(2)

Nonparametric Statistics: Chi-square

160

(6)

One-Way Test of Chi-square

161

(2)

Yates's Correction for Continuity

163

(1)

A Bit More

164

(1)

Problems

164

(1)

Answers to Problems

165

(1)

Postscript

166

(27)

APPENDICES

A Proportions of Area under the Normal Curve

169

(4)

B Table of Random Numbers

173

(6)

C Critical Values of t

179

(2)

D Critical Values of F

181

(4)

E Critical Values of Chi-square

185

(2)

F Glossary of Formulas

187

(6)

Index

193

What is included with this book?

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The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

Statistics for the Terrified(3d ed.) is a user-friendly introduction to elementary statistics, intended primarily for the reluctant, math anxious/avoidant person. Written in a personal and informal style, the aim of this book is to help readers make the leap from apprehension to comprehension of elementary statistics.Statistics for the Terrifiedis intended as a supplemental text for courses in statistics and research methods; as a refresher for students who have already taken a statistics course; or as a primer for new students of elementary statistics. Millions of people have math anxiety--yet this is rarely taken into consideration in textbooks on statistics. This book presents state-of-the-art, empirically supported self-help strategies (based on the cognitive behavioral techniques of rational emotive therapy) that help people manage their math anxiety so they can relax and build confidence while learning statistics.Statistics for the Terrifiedmakes statistics accessible to people first by helping them manage their emotions and then by presenting them with other essential material for learning statistics before jumping into statistics. After covering these prerequisites, the remainder of the book presents an introduction to elementary statistics in a personal and informal manner with a great deal of encouragement, step-by-step assistance, and numerous concrete examples, without lengthy theoretical discussions. ORGANIZATION This book is divided into four sections. Section I--Essentials for Statistics--consists of three chapters. The first chapter introduces the text and presents effective strategies for studying statistics; the second discusses effective self-help strategies for overcoming math anxiety; and the third reviews basic math concepts. Section II--Describing Univariate Data--contains chapters on frequency distributions, descriptive statistics, the normal curve, and percentiles and standard scores. Section III--Correlation and Regression--consists of chapters on correlation coefficients and linear regression. Section IV--Inferential Statistics--contains four chapters on understanding inferential statistics, the t Test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi square. The final chapter summarizes the text and congratulates the reader on a job well done. CHANGES FROM THE SECOND EDITION The first change that readers of the first two editions will notice is the organization of the book. The third edition is organized into sections to clearly demarcate the different topic areas. The first section reflects the biggest change. Section I was created to directly address the needs of the audience for whom the book is primarily intended, prior to covering statistics. The first chapter consists of a revised introduction, along with the addition of effective strategies for studying statistics. Chapters 2 and 3, which address how to manage math anxiety and basic math review, were tucked away in the back of the second edition in the appendix. In addition to these changes, in Section II frequency distributions and graphing data are now covered before descriptive statistics. A new chapter on the normal curve was added. In Section III, the chapter on correlation coefficients now includes discussion of both the Pearson product-moment correlation and the Spearman correlation for ranked data. Although the order of the coverage of topics in statistics in the remaining chapters remained the same in this edition, almost every chapter was revised. Many of the advanced topics that were introduced in previous editions (e.g., multiple regression, partial regression, two-way ANOVA, and the Mann-Whitney U), but not discussed in detail due to space limitations, were eliminated to make room for more in-depth discussion of basic statistical concepts and techniques. New topics covered in this edition include levels of measurement,

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Statistics for the Terrified

Statistics for the Terrified

0130983403

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