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Sources of Twentieth-Century Global History

ISBN: 9780395904077 | 0395904072
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 9/10/2001

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SummaryTable of Contents
This primary source reader, designed to supplement twentieth-century world history courses, contains both textual and visual sources from around the world. Strong pedagogical learning aids ensure that students are equipped with the information they need to understand and appreciate each document. The book contains a general introduction, as well as part, chapter, section, and source introductions.
Prefacexi
Prologue: Primary Sources and How To Read Themxv
PART ONE The World in an Era of Transformation and Western Dominance, 1880--1914
1(68)
... MORE
5(32)
Imperialism: Western Justifications
7(6)
A Defense of French Imperialism
8(1)
Jules Ferry, Speech Before the French Chamber of Deputies, 1883
8(2)
Imperialism and the Life of Manly Courage
10(1)
Theodore Roosevelt, The Strenuous Life
10(3)
The Economics of Imperialism
13(8)
Cotton Growing and Rebellion in German East Africa
14(1)
Records of the Maji-Maji Uprising
14(3)
Indian Railroads and the People's Welfare
17(1)
G.V. Joshi, The Economic Results of Free Trade and Railway Extension
17(4)
Responses to Western Domination
21(9)
China and the Foreign Devils
22(1)
Two Proclamations of The Boxer Rebellion
22(2)
``Freedom is My Birthright''
24(1)
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Speech to the Indian National Congress, 1907
24(3)
A Blueprint for Japanese Military Modernization
27(1)
Yamagata Aritomo, Opinion on Military Affairs and Conscription
27(3)
Migrants and Their Experiences
30(7)
Indian Merchants in South Africa and Their Problems
31(1)
Abdool Rehman, Memorandum to Lord Selborne, High Commissioner of Transvaal, October 1905
31(3)
``The Gates Should No Longer Be Left Unguarded''
34(1)
Henry Cabot Lodge, Speech to the United States Senate, March 16, 1896
34(3)
Seeds of Change: Politics, Society, and Culture
37(32)
Revolutionaries and Revolutions in the Early 1900s
38(12)
A Revolutionary Formula for China's Revival
39(1)
Sun Yat-Sen, The Three People's Principles and The Future of the Chinese People
39(4)
A Marxist Blueprint for Russia
43(1)
Platform of the Russian Social Democratic Party, 1903
43(4)
Agrarian Reform and Revolution in Mexico
47(1)
The Plan of Ayala
47(3)
The New Voice of Women in the Early Twentieth Century
50(10)
An Early Voice of Arab Feminism
52(1)
Bahithat al-Badiya, A Lecture in the Club of the Umma Party, 1909
52(3)
``Race Decadence'' and the U.S. Women's Movement
55(1)
Anna Howard Shaw, Presidential Addresses at the Conventions of National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1905, 1906
55(3)
An Attack on Foot-binding in China
58(1)
Qiu Jin, An Address to Two Hundred Million Fellow Countrywomen
58(2)
New Trends in Western Culture and Thought
60(9)
``God Is Dead. . .We Have Killed Him''
62(1)
Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science and On The Genealogy of Morals
62(3)
Aesthetics for the Machine Age
65(1)
Excerpts from Futurist Manifestos, 1909--1914
65(4)
PART TWO Decades of War, Economic Upheaval, and Revolution, 1914--1939
69(166)
World War I and Its Global Significance
73(36)
The Trauma of the Trenches
74(10)
The Romance of War
75(1)
Popular Art and Poster Art from Germany, England, Australia, and France
75(4)
The Reality of War in Verse
79(1)
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est and Disabled
79(2)
The Reality of War in Art
81(1)
Christopher Nevinson, The Harvest of Battle; Otto Dix, Storm Troop Advancing Under Gas
81(3)
The Century's First Genocide
84(7)
Caravans of Death
85(1)
Mary L. Graffam, Letter from Turkey, Summer 1915
85(3)
An Official Version of the Deportations
88(1)
Talaat Pasha, Posthumous Memoirs
88(3)
The Russian Revolution and the Beginnings of the Soviet State
91(7)
Lenin's Call for Revolution
92(1)
Lenin, April Theses
92(2)
Forging the Soviet State
94(1)
Communist Decrees and Legislation, 1917--1918
94(4)
The Peace That Failed
98(11)
The Allies' ``Last Horrible Triumph''
99(1)
Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference on the Conditions of Peace, October 1919
99(4)
The Betrayal of Arab Nationalism
103(1)
General Syrian Congress of Damascus, Resolution of July 2, 1919
103(2)
The Chinese May Fourth Movement and the Versailles Treaty
105(1)
Deng Yingchao, Memoirs
105(4)
Decades of Crisis in the Western World and the Soviet Union
109(34)
Modernism and Mass Culture Between the Wars
111(8)
The Look of Modernity
112(1)
Walter Gropius, Dessau Bauhaus --- Principles of Bauhaus Construction; Examples of Bauhaus Design
112(5)
Perils of Mass Culture: The Threat to Morality
117(1)
Senator Henry L. Myers, U.S. Senate Speech, June 29, 1922
117(2)
The Impact of the Great Depression
119(7)
The Victims of the Depression in Germany
120(1)
H. Hessel Tiltman, Slump! A Study of Stricken Europe Today
120(3)
Government Promises a ``New Deal''
123(1)
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Annual Address to Congress, January 4, 1935
123(3)
Nazism in Theory and Practice
126(9)
The Dreams of the Fuhrer
127(1)
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
127(5)
Motherhood, Duty, and the Nazi Ideal
132(1)
Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, Speech to the National Socialist Women's Association, September, 1935
132(3)
The Stalin Revolution in the Soviet Union
135(8)
The Soviet Model of Economic Planning
135(1)
Joseph Stalin, The Results of the First Five-Year Plan
135(4)
The Abortion Debate Under Stalin
139(1)
Letters to Izvestiya on the Abortion Issue, May-June 1936
139(4)
Latin America in an Era of Economic Challenge and Political Change
143(24)
New Social and Political Currents: Feminism and Indigenismo
145(8)
Costs and Benefits of Latin American Feminism
147(1)
Amanda Labarca, Where is Woman Going?
147(2)
The Indian in Peru: A Marxist Perspective
149(1)
Jose Carlos Mariategui, The Problem of the Indian and the Problem of the Land
149(4)
Political Responses to the Great Depression
153(7)
Economic Nationalism in Mexico
154(1)
Lazaro Cardenas, Speech to the Nation
154(3)
Brazilian Mass Politics and the Estado Novo
157(1)
Getulio Vargas, Excerpts from Speeches and Interviews, 1937--1940
157(3)
The Mexican Muralists and the Revolution in Mexican Art
160(7)
The Beginnings of the Mexican Muralist Movement
161(1)
Jose Clemenre Orozco, Autobiography
161(2)
Political Visions of the Mexican Muralists
163(1)
Jose Clemente Orozco, Hispanic-American Society, and Diego Rivera, Imperialism
163(4)
Africa Under Colonial Rule
167(28)
European Perspectives on Africa's Future
169(7)
Blacks in a White Man's Africa
170(1)
Jan Smuts, Rhodes Memorial Lectures
170(3)
Colonialism as Trusteeship
173(1)
Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg, The Keystone
173(3)
African Society and Identity Under Colonial Rule
176(8)
Eagles into Chickens
177(1)
James Aggrey, Parable of the Eagle
177(1)
The Value of African Religion
178(1)
Kabaka Daudi Chwa, Education, Civilization, and ``Foreignization'' in Buganda
178(3)
White Rule, African Families
181(1)
Charlotte Maxeke, Social Conditions Among Bantu Women and Girls
181(3)
Nationalism, Pan-Africanism, and Anticolonialism
184(11)
Colonialism and West Africa's Educated Elite
185(1)
Resolutions of the National Congress of British West Africa, 1920
185(3)
A Plea to the World for Racial Equality
188(1)
1921 Pan-African Congress, London Manifesto
188(3)
African Militancy in the 1930s
191(1)
Gilbert Coka, The African Liberator, Our Message
191(4)
Asia in an Era of Nationalism and Revolution
195(40)
Political and Religious Currents in the Middle East
197(14)
Secularism and Nationalism in Republican Turkey
198(1)
Mustafa Kemal, Speech to the Congress of the People's Republican Party
198(5)
The Meaning of Zionism
203(1)
Hayyin Nahman Bialik, Speech at the Inauguration of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
203(4)
A Call for Islamic Social and Political Action
207(1)
The Muslim Brotherhood, Toward the Light
207(4)
Anticolonialism in India and Southeast Asia
211(10)
Gandhi's Hopes for India
212(1)
Mohandas Gandhi, Indian Home Rule
212(4)
A Muslim's View of India's Future
216(1)
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Speech to the Muslim League, 1940
216(2)
Revolution and Oppression in Vietnam
218(1)
Nguyen Thai Hoc, Letter to the French Chamber of Deputies, 1930
218(3)
Intellectual Ferment and Revolution in China
221(8)
The New Culture Movement and the West
222(1)
Hu Shi, Our Attitude Toward Modern Civilization of the West
222(3)
Basic Tenets of Chinese Communism
225(1)
Mao Zedong, Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan; Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War
225(4)
Nationalism and Militarism in Japan
229(6)
The Agenda of Ultranationalism
230(1)
The Black Dragon Society, Anniversary Statement, 1930
230(3)
Foreign Policy Priorities on the Eve of the China War
233(1)
Fundamental Principles of National Policy, 1936
233(2)
PART THREE From World War II to the Early 1970s: Decades of Conflict, Decolonization, and Economic Recovery
235(136)
World War II and Its Aftermath
239(38)
Appeasement and the Origins of World War II in Europe
241(7)
The Search for ``Peace in our Time''
242(1)
Neville Chamberlain, Excerpts from Correspondence, Diary, and Speeches
242(3)
``A Disaster of the First Magnitude''
245(1)
Winston Churchill, Speech to Parliament, October 5, 1938
245(3)
The Final Solution: Perpetrators and Victims
248(8)
``Fuhrer, You Order, We Obey''
249(1)
Rudolf Hoss, Memoirs
249(4)
Evil
253(1)
``B.F.'', Recollections
253(3)
The Dawn of the Atomic Age
256(10)
Scientists' Warnings
257(1)
The Franck Report
257(3)
``The Face of War Is the Face of Death''
260(1)
Henry L. Stimson, The Decision To Use the Atomic Bomb
260(3)
August 6, 1945
263(1)
Iwao Nakamura and Atsuko Tsujioka, Recollections
263(3)
From World War II to the Cold War
266(11)
The Sources of Soviet Conduct
267(1)
George Kennan, The Long Telegram
267(4)
U.S. Drive for World Supremacy
271(1)
Nikolai Novikov, Telegram, September 27, 1947
271(6)
The Industrialized West in an Era of Economic Growth and Social Change
277(38)
The End of Empires
279(10)
Great Britain Lets Go of India
280(1)
Debate in the House of Commons, March 1947
280(5)
France Lets Go of Algeria
285(1)
Charles de Gaulle, Comments on Algeria, April 11, 1961
285(4)
Discontent in the Midst of Prosperity: The United States in the 1950s and Early 1960s
289(12)
``The Problem That Has No Name''
290(1)
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique
290(3)
A Cry for Racial Justice
293(1)
Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail
293(3)
The Beginnings of Modern Environmentalism
296(1)
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring
296(5)
The Late 1960s: Years of Protest and Polarization
301(14)
From Civil Rights to Black Power
303(1)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, We Want Black Power
303(3)
The Emergence of Militant Feminism
306(1)
Feminist Manifestoes from the Late 1960s
306(4)
Campus Outrage
310(1)
Three Student Pamphlets from the University of Paris
310(5)
Worlds Apart: The USSR, the Soviet Bloc, and China
315(24)
Dissent and Repression in the Soviet Union
317(5)
A Plea for Democratic Reform
318(1)
Andrei Sakharov, Roy Medvedev, and Valentin Turchin, Letter to Comrades Brezhnev, Kosygin, and Podgorny
318(3)
The Dissidents' Adversary
321(1)
Secret KGB Report, December 21, 1970
321(1)
Unrest in Eastern Europe and Soviet Response
322(6)
Socialism with a Human Face
324(1)
Ludvik Vaculik, Two Thousand Words to Workers, Farmers, Scientists, Artists, and Everyone
324(2)
The Brezhnev Doctrine
326(1)
Leonid Brezhnev, Speech to the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers' Party
326(2)
Utopian Dreams in Mao's China
328(11)
Industrial Heroism in the Great Leap Forward
329(1)
Tan Manni, Lushan's Pig-Iron ``Sputnik''
329(3)
Creating a New China in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
332(1)
One Hundred Items for Destroying the Old and Establishing the New
332(3)
Visualizing the New China
335(1)
Poster Art from The Cultural Revolution
335(4)
The Emergence of a Third World
339(32)
New Sources of Conflict in the Middle East
341(6)
Palestine as an Arab Homeland
342(1)
The Palestine National Charter
342(3)
Palestine as a Jewish Homeland
345(1)
Chaim Herzog, Speech to the United Nations General Assembly
345(2)
Revolution and Reaction in Latin America
347(9)
``Create Two, Three, Many Vietnams''
349(1)
Ernesto ``Che'' Guevara, Message to the Tricontinental Conference
349(2)
The Fall of Allende and the CIA
351(1)
Church Committee Report on Covert Actions in Chile, 1963--1973
351(5)
Racism and Ethnic Conflict in Independent Africa
356(8)
The Onset of Military Rule in Uganda
357(1)
Statements from General Idi Amin and the Ugandan Army
357(3)
Apartheid's Bitter Fruits
360(1)
Nelson Mandela, The Rivonia Trial Speech to the Court
360(4)
South and Southeast Asia After Colonialism
364(7)
Nehru's Blueprint for India
365(1)
Jawaharlal Nehru, Speeches and Writings, 1952--1955
365(3)
Two Perspectives on the War in Vietnam
368(1)
Ho Chi Minh-Johnson Correspondence, February 1967
368(3)
PART FOUR Century's Close: From Cold War to Globalization
371(82)
The 1970s and 1980s: Years of Challenge and Change
373(50)
New Forces in the International Economy
375(8)
Middle Eastern Politics and the Price of Oil
376(1)
Mana Saeed al-Otaiba, The Arab Oil Weapon
376(3)
Japan's Economic Miracle
379(1)
Akio Morita, Made in Japan
379(4)
Environmentalism, Economic Development, and Social Justice
383(10)
Saving the Rain Forest in Brazil
385(1)
Chico Mendes, Fight for the Forest
385(4)
Yangzi! Yangzi!
389(1)
Li Boning and Hou Xueyu, Views of China's Three Gorges Project
389(4)
Religion and Politics in the 1970s and 1980s
393(10)
Latin American Catholicism and the Theology of Liberation
394(1)
Final Document of the Third General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate
394(3)
A Platform for the Religious Right in the United States
397(1)
Jerry Falwell, An Agenda for the 1980s
397(3)
The Place of Hinduism in Modern India
400(1)
Girilal Jain, Editorials
400(3)
Third World Women Between Tradition and Change
403(8)
Women and Iran's Islamic Revolution
404(1)
Zand Dokht, The Revolution that Failed Women
404(2)
An African Perspective on Female Circumcision
406(1)
Association of African Women for Research and Development, A Statement on Genital Mutilation
406(3)
The Impact of the Indian Dowry System
409(1)
Editorial Against Dowry
409(2)
Communism's Reform, Communism's Retreat
411(12)
China's New Course
412(1)
Deng Xiaoping, Speeches and Writings
412(4)
Visualizing China in the Modernization Era
416(1)
Chinese Poster Art from the 1980s
416(2)
A Plan to Save Communism in the Soviet Union
418(1)
Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika
418(5)
The Century's Last Decade
423(30)
The Debate on Free Trade and Economic Globalization
425(7)
The Dangers of NAFTA, GATT and Free Trade
426(1)
Ralph Nader, Free Trade and the Decline of Democracy
426(3)
Formulas for Economic Success and Failure
429(1)
David R. Henderson, Economic Miracles
429(3)
The New Immigration and Its Critics
432(8)
The Failure of Multiculturalism
433(1)
Jorg Haider, The Freedom 1 Mean
433(4)
Too Many Immigrants
437(1)
Roy H. Beck, The Case Against Immigration
437(3)
Ethnic Hatreds and Racial Reconciliation
440(13)
Serbs, Bosnians, and Ethnic Cleansing
441(1)
T.D. Allman, Serbia's Blood War
441(4)
Genocide in Rwanda: 1994
445(1)
Fergal Keane, Season of Blood
445(4)
Let There Be Justice and Peace for All
449(1)
Nelson Mandela, Presidential Inauguration Speech, May 10, 1994
449(4)
Sources453

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