9780073207254

This is a low-cost, paperback, condensed version of Sociology: A Brief Introduction, Sixth Edition. The conciseness, readability, and highly focused coverage of Sociology Matters are designed to appeal to instructors who rely on several texts rather than on a single comprehensive textbook. Its design and pedagogy are both straightforward and streamlined. Sociology Matters features newly written chapter introductions and a unifying theme--answering the question "How does sociology matter?"

"After more than 30 years of teaching sociology to students in colleges, adult education programs, nursing programs, an overseas program based in London, and even a maximum-security prison, I am firmly convinced that the discipline can play a valuable role in teaching critical thinking skills. Sociology can help students to better understand the workings of their own lives as well as of their society and other cultures." –-Richard T. Schaefer

BRIEF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: The Sociological View
Chapter 2: Culture and Socialization
Chapter 3: Social Structure, Groups, and Organizations
Chapter 4: Deviance and Social Control
Chapter 5: Stratification in the United States and Worldwide
Chapter 6: Inequality by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Chapter 7: Inequality of Gender
Chapter 8: Family and Religion
Chapter 9: Education, Government, and the Economy
Chapter 10: Population, Community, Health, and the Environment
Chapter 11: Social Movements, Social Change, and Technology
DETAILED CONTENTS
Preface
Chapter 1: The Sociological View
What Is Sociology?; The Sociological Imagination; Sociology and the Social Sciences; Sociology and Common Sense
What Is Sociological Theory?
The Development of Sociology; Early Thinkers; mile Durkheim; Max Weber; Karl Marx; Modern Developments:Charles Horton Cooley /Jane Addams / Robert Merton
Major Theoretical Perspectives; Functionalist Perspective: Manifest and Latent Functions; Conflict Perspective: The Marxist View / A Different Voice: W. E. B Du Bois; Interactionist Perspective; Feminist Perspective
What is the Scientific Method?; Defining the Problem; Reviewing the Literature; Formulating the Hypothesis; Collecting and Analyzing Data; Selecting the Sample: Ensuring Validity and Reliability; Developing the Conclusion: Supporting Hypotheses /Controlling the Other Factors /In Summary: The Scientific Method
Major Research Designs; Surveys; Observation; Experiments; Use of Existing Sources
Ethics of Research
Applied and Clinical Sociology
Summary
Chapter 2: Culture and Socialization
Culture and Society
Development of Culture Around the World; Cultural Universals; Innovation; Globalization, Diffusion, and Technology
Elements of Culture; Language; Norms: Types of Norms / Acceptance of Norms; Sanctions; Values
Culture and the Dominant Ideology
Cultural Variation; Subcultures; Countercultures; Culture Shock; Ethnocentrism; Cultural Relativism
The Role of Socialization; Environment: The Impact of Isolation: A Girl Called Isabelle / Heredity: the Impact of Biology
The Self and Socialization; Cooley: Looking-Glass Self; Mead: Stages of the Self; Mead: Theory of the Self; Goffman: Presentation of the Self
Socialization and the Life Course; The Life Course; Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization
Agents of Socialization; Family; School; Peer Group; Mass Media and Technology; Workplace; The State
Summary
Chapter 3: Social Structure, Groups, and Organizations
Defining and Reconstructing Reality
Elements of Social Structure; Statuses: Ascribed and Achieved Status / Master Status; Social Roles: What Are Social Roles? / Role Conflict/ Role Strain; Groups: Primary and Secondary Groups / In-Groups and Out-Groups / Reference Groups
Social Networks and Technology; Social Institutions
Social Structure in Global Perspective; Tnniess Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft; Lenskis Sociocultural Evolution Approach: Preindustrial Societies / Industrial Societies /Postindustrial and Postmodern Societies
Understanding Organizations; Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies; Characteristics of a Bureaucracy; Bureaucracy and Organizational Culture; Voluntary Associations
Technology Impact on the Workplace
Summary
Chapter 4: Deviance and Social Control
Social Control; Conformity and Obedience; Informal and Formal Social Control; Law and Society
Deviance; What is Deviance? / Deviance and Social Stigma; Explaining Deviance: Functionalist Perspective /Interactionist Perspective / Labeling Theory /Conflict Theory / Feminist Perspective
Crime; Types of Crime: Professional Crime / Organized CrimeWhite-Collar and Technology-Based Crime / Victimless Crime; Crime Statistics:Understanding Crime Statistics /International Crime Rates
Summary
Chapter 5: Stratification in the United States and Worldwide
Understanding Stratification ; Systems of Stratification: Slavery / Castes / Social Classes; Perspectives on Stratification: Karl Marxs View of Class Differentiation / Max Webers View of Stratification; Is Stratification Universal? Functionalist ViewConflict View / Lenskis Viewpoint
Stratification by Social Class; Measuring Social Class: Objective Method / Multiple Measures; Wealth and Income; Poverty: Studying Poverty / Who Are the Poor? /Explaining Poverty; Life Chances
Social Mobility; Open versus Closed Stratification Systems; Types of Social Mobility; Social Mobility in the United States: Occupational Mobility / The Impact of Education / The Impact of Race /The Impact of Gender
Stratification in the World System; Legacy of Colonialism ; Globalization ; Multinational Corporations: Functionalist View / Conflict View; Modernization
Summary
Chapter 6: Inequality by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
The Privileges of the Dominant
Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Groups; Minority Groups; Race; Ethnicity
Immigration and New Ethnic Groups
Explaining Inequality by Race and Ethnicity; The Functionalist View; The Conflict Response; The Interactionist Approach
Prejudice and Discrimination; Discriminatory Behavior; Institutional Discrimination; Measuring Discrimination
Summary
Chapter 7: Inequality of Gender
The Social Construction of Gender; Gender-Role Socialization; Women's and Men's Gender Roles; A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Explaining Inequality by Gender; The Functionalist View; The Conflict Response; The Feminist Perpsective; The Interactionist Approach
Women: The Oppressed Majority; Sexism and Sex Discrimination; Sexual Harrassment; The Status of Women Worldwide; Women in the Workforce of the United States; The Social Consequences of Women's Employment
The Double Jeopardy of Minority Women
Summary
Chapter 8: The Family and Religion
Studying Social Institutions; Functionalist View; Conflict View; Interactionist View
The Family: A Global View; Composition: What is the Family?; Kinship Patterns: To Whom Are We Related?; Authority Patterns: Who Rules?
Religion as a Social Institution; The Integrative Function of Religion; Religion and Social Support; Religion and Social Change; Religion and Social Control: A Conflict View
Chapter 9: Education, Government, and the Economy
Education: Schools as Formal Organizations; Bureaucratization of Schools; Teachers: Employees and Instructors; Student Subcultures
Power and Authority; Types of Authority: Traditional Authority /Legal-Rational Authority / Charismatic Authority
Who Rules in the United States?; Power Elite Models: Mills Model / Domhoffs ModelPluralist Model
The Economy: Today and Tomorrow; Economic Systems: Capitalism / Socialism; Economic Change: The Face of the Workforce /Deindustrialization / E-Commerce /The Contingency Workforce
Summary
Chapter 10: Population, Community, Health, and the Environment
Demography: The Study of Population; Malthuss Thesis and Marxs Response; Studying Population Today; Elements of Demography
How Did Communities Originate?; Early Communities; Preindustrial Cities; Industrial and Postindustrial Cities
Urbanization and Its Consequences; Functionalist View: Urban Ecology; Conflict View: New Urban Sociology
Health and Illness: Sociological Perspectives; Functionalist Approach; Conflict Approach
The Medicalization of Society ; Inequities in Health Care; Interactionist Approach; Labeling Approach
Social Epidemiology; Social Class; Race and Ethnicity; Gender; Age
The Environment and Our Place in It; Environmental Problems: An Overview: Air Pollution /Water Pollution / Contamination of Land; Human Ecology; A Conflict View of Environmental Issues
Environmental Justice
Summary
Chapter 11: Social Movements, Social Change, and Technology
Social Movements; Relative Deprivation; Resource Mobilization; Gender and Social Movements; New Social Movements
Theories of Social Change; Evolutionary Theory; Functionalist Theory; Conflict Theory; Global Social Change
Resistance to Social Change; Economic and Cultural Factors; Resistance to Technology
Technology and the Future; Computer Technology: Telecommuting / The Internet; Biotechnology: Sex Selection / Genetic Engineering /Bioterrorism; Technological Accidents
Technology and Society; Culture and Social Interaction; Social Control; Stratification and Inequality
Summary
Glossary
References
Credits
Index

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Summary

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: The Sociological View

Chapter 2: Culture and Socialization

Chapter 3: Social Structure, Groups, and Organizations

Chapter 4: Deviance and Social Control

Chapter 5: Stratification in the United States and Worldwide

Chapter 6: Inequality by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

Chapter 7: Inequality of Gender

Chapter 8: Family and Religion

Chapter 9: Education, Government, and the Economy

Chapter 10: Population, Community, Health, and the Environment

Chapter 11: Social Movements, Social Change, and Technology

DETAILED CONTENTS

Preface

Chapter 1: The Sociological View

What Is Sociology?; The Sociological Imagination; Sociology and the Social Sciences; Sociology and Common Sense

What Is Sociological Theory?

The Development of Sociology; Early Thinkers; mile Durkheim; Max Weber; Karl Marx; Modern Developments:Charles Horton Cooley /Jane Addams / Robert Merton

Major Theoretical Perspectives; Functionalist Perspective: Manifest and Latent Functions; Conflict Perspective: The Marxist View / A Different Voice: W. E. B Du Bois; Interactionist Perspective; Feminist Perspective

Major Research Designs; Surveys; Observation; Experiments; Use of Existing Sources

Ethics of Research

Applied and Clinical Sociology

Summary

Chapter 2: Culture and Socialization

Culture and Society

Development of Culture Around the World; Cultural Universals; Innovation; Globalization, Diffusion, and Technology

Elements of Culture; Language; Norms: Types of Norms / Acceptance of Norms; Sanctions; Values

Culture and the Dominant Ideology

Cultural Variation; Subcultures; Countercultures; Culture Shock; Ethnocentrism; Cultural Relativism

The Role of Socialization; Environment: The Impact of Isolation: A Girl Called Isabelle / Heredity: the Impact of Biology

The Self and Socialization; Cooley: Looking-Glass Self; Mead: Stages of the Self; Mead: Theory of the Self; Goffman: Presentation of the Self

Socialization and the Life Course; The Life Course; Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization

Agents of Socialization; Family; School; Peer Group; Mass Media and Technology; Workplace; The State

Summary

Chapter 3: Social Structure, Groups, and Organizations

Defining and Reconstructing Reality

Elements of Social Structure; Statuses: Ascribed and Achieved Status / Master Status; Social Roles: What Are Social Roles? / Role Conflict/ Role Strain; Groups: Primary and Secondary Groups / In-Groups and Out-Groups / Reference Groups

Social Networks and Technology; Social Institutions

Social Structure in Global Perspective; Tnniess Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft; Lenskis Sociocultural Evolution Approach: Preindustrial Societies / Industrial Societies /Postindustrial and Postmodern Societies

Understanding Organizations; Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies; Characteristics of a Bureaucracy; Bureaucracy and Organizational Culture; Voluntary Associations

Technology Impact on the Workplace

Summary

Chapter 4: Deviance and Social Control

Social Control; Conformity and Obedience; Informal and Formal Social Control; Law and Society

Deviance; What is Deviance? / Deviance and Social Stigma; Explaining Deviance: Functionalist Perspective /Interactionist Perspective / Labeling Theory /Conflict Theory / Feminist Perspective

Crime; Types of Crime: Professional Crime / Organized CrimeWhite-Collar and Technology-Based Crime / Victimless Crime; Crime Statistics:Understanding Crime Statistics /International Crime Rates

Summary

Chapter 5: Stratification in the United States and Worldwide

Understanding Stratification ; Systems of Stratification: Slavery / Castes / Social Classes; Perspectives on Stratification: Karl Marxs View of Class Differentiation / Max Webers View of Stratification; Is Stratification Universal? Functionalist ViewConflict View / Lenskis Viewpoint

Stratification by Social Class; Measuring Social Class: Objective Method / Multiple Measures; Wealth and Income; Poverty: Studying Poverty / Who Are the Poor? /Explaining Poverty; Life Chances

Social Mobility; Open versus Closed Stratification Systems; Types of Social Mobility; Social Mobility in the United States: Occupational Mobility / The Impact of Education / The Impact of Race /The Impact of Gender

Stratification in the World System; Legacy of Colonialism ; Globalization ; Multinational Corporations: Functionalist View / Conflict View; Modernization

Summary

Chapter 6: Inequality by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

The Privileges of the Dominant

Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Groups; Minority Groups; Race; Ethnicity

Immigration and New Ethnic Groups

Explaining Inequality by Race and Ethnicity; The Functionalist View; The Conflict Response; The Interactionist Approach

Prejudice and Discrimination; Discriminatory Behavior; Institutional Discrimination; Measuring Discrimination

Summary

Chapter 7: Inequality of Gender

The Social Construction of Gender; Gender-Role Socialization; Women's and Men's Gender Roles; A Cross-Cultural Perspective

Explaining Inequality by Gender; The Functionalist View; The Conflict Response; The Feminist Perpsective; The Interactionist Approach

Women: The Oppressed Majority; Sexism and Sex Discrimination; Sexual Harrassment; The Status of Women Worldwide; Women in the Workforce of the United States; The Social Consequences of Women's Employment

The Double Jeopardy of Minority Women

Summary

Chapter 8: The Family and Religion

Studying Social Institutions; Functionalist View; Conflict View; Interactionist View

The Family: A Global View; Composition: What is the Family?; Kinship Patterns: To Whom Are We Related?; Authority Patterns: Who Rules?

Religion as a Social Institution; The Integrative Function of Religion; Religion and Social Support; Religion and Social Change; Religion and Social Control: A Conflict View

Chapter 9: Education, Government, and the Economy

Education: Schools as Formal Organizations; Bureaucratization of Schools; Teachers: Employees and Instructors; Student Subcultures

Power and Authority; Types of Authority: Traditional Authority /Legal-Rational Authority / Charismatic Authority

Who Rules in the United States?; Power Elite Models: Mills Model / Domhoffs ModelPluralist Model