David Chou is a technical architect at Microsoft and is based in Los Angeles. His focus is on collaborating with enterprises and organizations in such areas as cloud computing, SOA, Web, distributed systems, and security. His involvement supports decision makers in helping them to define the appropriate evolutionary strategies in their architecture development. Drawing from his extensive experience at previously held positions with Sun Microsystems and Accenture, David enjoys helping his clients and customers create value by using objective and pragmatic approaches to create definitive IT strategies, roadmaps, and solution architectures. Find David and his blog at blogs.msdn.com/dachou.

John deVadoss

John deVadoss leads the Patterns & Practices team at Microsoft and is based in Redmond, WA. Patterns & Practices is the trusted source for guidance on the Microsoft platform; John and his team are chartered with creating, collating, and disseminating proven practices to enable productive, predictable development on the Microsoft .NET platform. John’s experience spans 15 years in the software industry. 10+ years have been with Microsoft--all of it in the enterprise space as a consultant, a program manager in the distributed applications platform division, an architect working with some of Microsoft’s key partners, a director of architecture strategy and, most recently, as the leading technical strategist for the all-up application platform. Prior to Microsoft, John spent a number of years as a technology consultant in Silicon Valley working on largescale middleware and distributed systems design and development. His areas of interest are broadly in distributed application architectures, data and metadata, systems management and currently on edge architectures (both service/cloud and experience), but most of all in creating business value from technology investments. John holds a BE in Computer Engineering, and an MS in Computer Science. Both degrees were awarded by the University of Massachusetts at Amherst where he also did graduate work towards a PhD in Computer Science.

Thomas Erl

Thomas Erl is the world’s top-selling SOA author, series editor of the Prentice Hall Service-Oriented Computing Series from Thomas Erl (www.soabooks.com), and editor of the SOA Magazine (www.soamag.com). With more than 120,000 copies in print worldwide, his books have become international bestsellers and have been formally endorsed by senior members of major software organizations, such as IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, Sun, Intel, SAP, CISCO, and HP. Two of his five books, SOA Design Patterns and SOA Principles of Service Design, were authored in collaboration with the IT community and have contributed to the definition of the service-oriented architectural model and service orientation as a distinct paradigm. In cooperation with SOASchool.com, Thomas has helped develop the curriculum for the internationally recognized SOA Certified Professional accreditation program (www.soaschool.com), which has established a series of formal, vendor-neutral certifications in the areas of service-oriented computing. Thomas is also the founder of SOA Systems Inc. (www.soasystems.com), the founding member of the SOA Manifesto Working Group (www.soa-manifesto.org), a member of the SOA Education Committee (www.soacommittee.org), and oversees the SOAPatterns.org initiative, a community site dedicated to the on-going development of a master pattern catalog for SOA. Thomas has toured more than 20 countries as a speaker and instructor for public and private events, and regularly participates in events, such as the SOA Symposium (www.soasymposium.com) and Gartner conferences. More than 100 articles and interviews by Thomas have been published in numerous publications, including the Wall Street Journal and CIO Magazine. For more information, visit www.thomaserl.com.

Nitin Gandhi

Nitin Gandhi is an enterprise architect and an independent software consultant, based in Vancouver, BC. His extensive background in service-oriented architecture (SOA), SOA Governance, Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), and message-oriented middleware (MOM) has seen him work on server products and technologies including, .NET, Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), Microsoft BizTalk Server, SQL Server,Workflow Foundation (WF), Service Virtualization technologies, J2EE/JMS, Oracle, and TIBCO products. He has completed several large projects in insurance, utilities, financial-services, government and healthcare. Nitin is an author, book reviewer and member of several architecture groups. He holds a Bachelor’s of Engineering in Electronics (with honors) and a Post Graduate diploma in Management. Find Nitin at ngandhi@shaw.ca.

Hanu Kommalapati

Hanu Kommalapati is a Principal Platform Strategy Advisor for a Microsoft Developer and Platform Evangelism team based in North America. His current focus is working with Microsoft’s top enterprise customers in North America in evangelizing software + services and Cloud Computing. Hanu received his M.S. in Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology--a top engineering school in India--and has 18 years experience in the IT Industry working with PriceWaterHouseCoopers and Microsoft. His career began as a software engineer at Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., a fighter jet manufacturer solely owned by the Indian Defense Department; he also programmed on HP Apollo workstations, Unix mini computers and IBM mainframes. Hanu frequently speaks at customer and industry events, writes articles in technology magazines and has written papers for internal consumption on various industry trends, including Service Oriented Architecture and Cloud Computing.

Brian Loesgen

Brian Loesgen is a Principal SOA Architect with Microsoft, based in San Diego. His extensive experience includes building sophisticated enterprise, ESB and SOA solutions. Brian is a 6-time Microsoft MVP for BizTalk Server, and has been involved with BizTalk since before the release of BizTalk Server 2000 beta; he was a key architect/developer of the “Microsoft ESB Guidance,” initially released by Microsoft in Oct. 2006. A speaker at numerous major technical conferences worldwide, Brian is a co-founder and past-President of the International .NET Association (ineta.org), and past-President of the San Diego .NET user group, where he continues to lead the Connected Systems SIG, and is a member of the Editorial Board for the .NET Developer’s Journal. Brian was also a member of the Microsoft Connected Systems Division Virtual Technical Specialist Team pilot, and is part of Microsoft’s Connected Systems Advisory Board. Brian has authored technical white papers for Intel, Microsoft and others; is a co-author of the SOA Manifesto, as well as the co-author of 7 books, including this one, and is the lead author on the upcoming BizTalk Server 2009 R2 Unleashed title. Find Brian and his blog at: blog.BrianLoesgen.com.

Christoph Schittko

Christoph Schittko is an architect for Microsoft, based in Texas. His focus is to work with customers to build innovative solutions that combine software + services for cutting edge user experiences and the leveraging of service-oriented architecture (SOA) solutions. Prior to joining Microsoft, Christoph assisted companies with the adoption of service orientation and the delivering of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solutions. Christoph holds an advanced degree in Electrical Engineering from the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg. His extensive experience in developing and architecting software solutions in a wide variety of industries allows him to write and to speak at various conferences on Web services and XML.

Herbjörn Wilhelmsen

Herbjörn Wilhelmsen is a consultant at Forefront Consulting Group, based in Stockholm, Sweden. His main areas of focus are Service-Oriented Architecture, Cloud Computing and Business Architecture. Herbjörn has many years of industry experience working as a developer, development manager, architect and teacher and has worked with customers in several fields of operations such as telecommunications, marketing, payment industry, healthcare and public services. Herbjörn is the acting chair of the SOA Patterns Review Committee (www.soapatterns.org) and also leads the Business 2 IT group within the Swedish chapter of the IASA.

Mickey Williams

Mickey Williams leads the Technology Platform Group at Neudesic, based in Laguna Hills, CA. As a member of that team, he oversees technical leadership, strategy, and enablement across all of Neudesic’s practice areas, and manages a team of architects that have a national role at Neudesic. Mickey has extensive experience building missioncritical applications on a wide variety of platforms, ranging from large telecommunication networks to desktop clients, and his work with .NET extends back to the earliest public release. Mickey’s academic interests revolve around ensuring the reliability of high-performance distributed systems. Mickey is a Microsoft MVP, has written numerous books on Windows development, and is a frequent speaker at conferences and other events.

Scott Golightly

Scott Golightly is currently an Enterprise Solution Strategist with Advaiya, Inc; he is also a Microsoft Regional Director with more than 15 years of experience helping clients to create solutions to business problems with various technologies. Scott is an experienced speaker and trainer. He has taught classes around the globe on various technical and business related topics. Scott has presented at numerous code camps, Tech Ed break out sessions, and Tech Ready. Scott holds many certifications, including: Certified Power-Builder Developer, Certified Sybase Instructor, MCP, MCSD, and MCT.

Darryl Hogan

Darryl Hogan is an architect with more than 15 years experience in the IT industry. Darryl has gained significant practical experience during his career as a consultant, technical evangelist and architect. During an 11-year tenure with Microsoft, Darryl delivered presentations to many large local Microsoft technology events and internal technical readiness conferences. Darryl currently works as an architect with a major marketing company where he is responsible for product architecture and emerging technology adoption.

Kris Horrocks

As a Senior Technical Product Manager at Microsoft, Kris works with customers, partners, and industry analysts to ensure the next generation of Microsoft technology meets customers’ requirements for building distributed, service-oriented solutions. Currently, that work centers around several middleware technologies including BizTalk Server, Windows Server AppFabric, and Windows Azure AppFabric. Prior to joining Microsoft, Kris was an independent consultant focused on distributed systems development, B2B integration, and web services interoperability.

Jeff King

Jeff King has been working with the Windows Azure platform since its first announcement at PDC 2008 and works with Windows Azure early adopter customers in the Windows Azure TAP. Within the Microsoft community, Jeff is a worldwide Windows Azure subject matter expert who continues to mentor in ongoing Windows Azure training programs. Jeff currently consults for Microsoft Services. He has expert knowledge in designing and implementing large-scale integration and SOA solutions by leveraging Microsoft technologies and products (.NET, WCF, BizTalk Server, ESB Toolkit, etc.). He also helped develop the first publicly available version of the Enterprise Service Bus Toolkit (then, it was called the ESB Guidance), particularly the Exception Management Framework.

Scott Seely

Scott Seely is co-founder of Tech in the Middle, www.techinthemiddle.com, and president of Friseton, LLC, www.friseton.com. He is an active member of the .NET community in the Chicago area, helping organize the Lake County .NET Users’ Group, organize Code Camps, and speaking at user groups throughout the region.

Foreword by David Chappell     xxxiii

Acknowledgments     xxxv

CHAPTER 1: Introduction     1

1.1 About this Book     2

1.2 Objectives of this Book     3

1.3 Who this Book is For     4

1.4 What this Book Does Not Cover     4

1.5 Prerequisite Reading     4

1.6 How this Book is Organized     6

Part I: Fundamentals     7

Chapter 3: SOA Fundamentals     7

Chapter 4: A Brief History of Legacy .NET Distributed Technologies     7

Chapter 5: WCF Services     7

Chapter 6: WCF Extensions     7

Chapter 7: .NET Enterprise Services Technologies     7

Chapter 8: Cloud Services with Windows Azure     8

Part II: Services and Service Composition     8

Chapter 9: Service-Orientation with .NET Part I: Service Contracts and Interoperability     8

Chapter 10: Service-Orientation with .NET Part II: Coupling, Abstraction, and Discoverability     8

Chapter 11: Service-Orientation with .NET Part III: Reusability and Agnostic Service Models     8

Chapter 12: Service-Orientation with .NET Part IV: Service Composition and Orchestration Basics     9

Chapter 13: Orchestration Patterns with WF     9

Chapter 14: Orchestration Patterns with BizTalk Server     9

Part III: Infrastructure and Architecture     9

Chapter 15: Enterprise Service Bus with BizTalk Server and Windows Azure     9

Chapter 16: Windows Azure Platform AppFabric Service Bus     10

Chapter 17: SOA Security with .NET and Windows Azure     10

Chapter 18: Service-Oriented Presentation Layers with .NET     10

Chapter 19: Service Performance Optimization     10

Chapter 20: SOA Metrics with BAM     10

Part IV: Appendices     10

Appendix A: Case Study Conclusion     10

Appendix B: Industry Standards Reference     11

Appendix C: Service-Orientation Principles Reference     11

Appendix D: SOA Design Patterns Reference     11

Appendix E: The Annotated SOA Manifesto     11

Appendix F: Additional Resources     11

1.7 How Principles and Patterns are Used in this Book     11

Sources     11

Reference Notation     12

1.8 Symbols, Figures, and Style Conventions     13

Symbol Legend     13

How Color is Used     13

Additional Information     13

Updates, Errata, and Resources (www.soabooks.com)     13

Master Glossary (www.soaglossary.com)     13

Referenced Specifications (www.soaspecs.com)     13

SOASchool.com™ SOA Certified Professional (SOACP)     14

The SOA Magazine (www.soamag.com)     14

Notification Service     14

CHAPTER 2: Case Study Background     15

2.1 How Case Studies Are Used     16

2.2 Case Study Background #1: Standard Mold     16

History     16

Technical Infrastructure     16

Business Goals and Obstacles     17

2.3 Case Study Background #2: Superior Stamping     18

History     18

Technical Infrastructure     18

Business Goals and Obstacles     19

PART I: FUNDAMENTALS

CHAPTER 3: SOA Fundamentals     23

3.1 Basic SOA Terminology     24

Service-Oriented Computing     25

Service-Orientation     25

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)     27

Services     28

Services as Components     29

Services as Web Services     30

Services as REST Services     31

Service Models     31

Agnostic Logic and Non-Agnostic Logic     32

Service Composition     33

Service Inventory     34

Service-Oriented Analysis     34

Service Candidate     35

Service-Oriented Design     35

Service Contract     36

Service-Related Granularity     37

SOA Design Patterns     38

3.2 Service-Oriented Computing Goals     40

Increased Intrinsic Interoperability     40

Increased Federation     40

Increased Vendor Diversification Options     40

Increased Business and Technology Domain Alignment     41

3.3 Further Reading     41

CHAPTER 4: A Brief History of Legacy .NET Distributed Technologies     43

4.1 Distributed Computing 101     44

Client-Server     44

Distributed Architecture     45

Service-Oriented Architecture     47

4.2 .NET Enterprise Services     48

It All Began with COM (and DCOM)     48

COM+ Services     49

.NET Assemblies     51

Distributed Transaction Coordinator     51

.NET Enterprise Services and Service-Orientation     53

4.3 .NET Remoting     54

.NET Remoting Architecture     54

Serializable Classes     56

Remotable Classes     56

Ordinary Classes     56

Hosting .NET Remoting Components     56

Windows Service     56

IIS Hosting Under ASP.NET     57

Hosting a .NET Remoting Component in a Console Application     57

.NET COM+ Services     57

.NET Remoting Configurations     57

Activation Types     58

Message Formats     60

Communication Protocols     60

Object Lifetime Management     61

.NET Remoting and Service-Orientation     61

4.4 Microsoft Messaging Queue (MSMQ)     63

The Queues     64

Sending and Receiving Messages     65

MSMQ and Service-Orientation     66

4.5 System.Transactions     67

Distributed Resource Transactions     67

Explicit and Implicit Programming Models     68

Ambient Transactions     69

4.6 Web Services (ASMX and WSE)     70

XML Web Services (ASMX)     71

The WebService Attribute     71

The WebMethod Attribute     72

Web Service Enhancements (WSE)     73

4.7 REST Service Processing with IHttpHandler     74

CHAPTER 5: WCF Services     75

5.1 Overview     76

5.2 Service Contracts with WCF     78

WCF Terminology     78

WCF Service Contract     78

Interface Contract     78

Operation Contract     78

Data Contract     78

Message Contract     79

Service Endpoint     79

The ServiceContract and OperationContract Attributes     79

Data Models and the DataContract Attribute     82

Messaging and the MessageContract Attribute     83

Service Endpoints and the endpoint Element     86

Address     88

Bindings     89

Contract     92

REST Service Classes and Attributes     92

The WebGet Attribute     93

The WebInvoke Attribute     95

WCF UriTemplate Attribute     96

Faults and the FaultContract Attribute     98

MEX Endpoints     100

Versioning Considerations     102

5.3 Service Implementation with WCF     104

Behaviors     104

Instancing     105

A Sample Implementation     106

5.4 Service Hosting with WCF     108

Self-Hosted Services     110

Managed Windows Services     112

IIS Process Boundary     113

Windows Activation Services (WAS)     114

Hosting REST Services     115

5.5 Service Consumers with WCF     116

Using the Service Metadata Tool     117

Writing the Proxy Class for a Service     118

Using the ChannelFactory Class     119

CHAPTER 6: WCF Extensions     121

6.1 WCF Security     122

Security Modes     123

Authorization     125

Federated Identity     126

6.2 WCF Transactions     127

Operation Attributes for Transactions     127

TransactionScopeRequired     128

TransactionAutoComplete     128

TransactionFlow     128

Service Attributes for Transactions     129

TransactionIsolationLevel     129

TransactionAutoCompleteOnSessionClose     130

TransactionTimeout     130

Durable Services     131

6.3 WCF Router     132

The RoutingService Class     133

Routing Contracts     134

Routing Configuration     135

Step 1: Define Endpoints     135

Step 2: Configure Service Behavior     136

Step 3: Enumerate Target Endpoints     136

Step 4: Define Message Filters     137

Step 5: Create a Filter Table     138

Fault Tolerance     139

6.4 WCF Discovery     140

Discovery Modes     141

Locating a Service Ad Hoc     143

Sending and Receiving Service Announcements     144

Discovery Proxies for Managed Discovery     146

Discovering from a Discovery Proxy     146

Implicit Service Discovery     147

6.5 WCF Extensibility     148

WCF Layers     149

Layered Extensibility     149

Channel Layer Extensibility     150

6.6 WCF Management Tools     151

Administration     151

Troubleshooting     151

Logging Messages     153

CHAPTER 7: .NET Enterprise Services Technologies     155

7.1 SQL Server     156

Native XML Web Services Support     157

Service Broker (SSB)     160

Query Notification     165

XML Support in SQL Server     165

7.2 Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)     166

WF Architecture     167

Workflows     168

Sequential Workflows     169

State Machine Workflows     169

Workflow Designer     169

Workflow Persistence (with WF)     170

Communicating with the Host Container     171

Activities     172

Workflow Runtime Environment     175

WF Programming Model     176

Passing Parameters into a Workflow Instance     178

Returning Parameters from a Workflow Instance     178

Workflow-Enabled Services     179

Versioning Orchestrations     180

WF Extensibility     180

Business Rules     180

7.3 Application Blocks and Software Factories     181

Application Blocks     182

Software Factories     184

Guidance Toolkits     184

Web Services Software Factory     184

7.4 Windows Server AppFabric     187

Configurable Hosting Environment     188

Workflow Persistence (with AppFabric)     189

In-Memory Application Cache Platform     190

Manageability Extensions     192

Application Server Event Collector     192

7.5 BizTalk Server     193

BizTalk Server Architecture     194

Messaging     196

Pipelines     197

Pipeline Components     198

Ports and Locations     199

Adapters     199

Context Properties     200

Itineraries     201

Unified Exception Management     202

CHAPTER 8: Cloud Services with Windows Azure     205

8.1 Cloud Computing 101     206

Cloud Deployment Models     208

Public Cloud     208

Private Cloud     208

Community Cloud     209

Other Deployment Models     209

The Intercloud (Cloud of Clouds)     209

Deployment Models and Windows Azure     210

Service Delivery Models     210

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)     210

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)     211

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)     211

Other Delivery Models     211

IaaS vs. PaaS     211

8.2 Windows Azure Platform Overview     213

Windows Azure (Application Container)     216

SQL Azure     217

Windows Azure Platform AppFabric     218

8.3 Windows Azure Roles     219

Web Roles and Worker Roles     220

Virtual Machines     220

Input Endpoints     221

Inter-Role Communication     222

8.4 Hello World in Windows Azure     223

1. Create a Cloud Service Project     224

2. Choose an ASP.NET Web Role     224

3. Create the Solution     225

4. Instantiate the Service     226

8.5 A Web Service in Windows Azure     227

1. Create a Host Service and Storage Service     233

2. Create and Deploy a Service Package     233

3. Promote the Service to Production     234

8.6 A REST Service in Windows Azure     235

REST Service Addressing     235

Creating a Windows Azure REST Service     236

8.7 Windows Azure Storage     239

Tables     240

Entities and Properties     240

Data Access     241

Queues     241

Blobs     242

Block BlobsPage Blobs     243

Windows Azure Drive     243

PART II: SERVICES AND SERVICE COMPOSITION

CHAPTER 9: Service-Orientation with .NET Part I: Service Contracts and Interoperability     247

9.1 Standardized Service Contract     250

Contract-First     250

1. Create or Reuse Data Contract     251

2. Create Message Contract     251

3. Create Interface Contract     252

Standardized Service Contract and Patterns     252

9.2 Canonical Schema     253

Creating Schemas with Visual Studio     254

Generating .NET Types     258

Using the DataContract Library     264

9.3 Data Model Transformation     267

Object-to-Object     269

LINQ-to-XML     271

XSLT Transformation     272

9.4 Canonical Protocol     274

Web Service     275

REST Service     277

Component     278

Another WCF Option: Named Pipes     279

Dual Protocols with WCF     279

9.5 Canonical Expression     280

Service Naming Conventions     280

Service Capability Naming Conventions     281

CHAPTER 10: Service-Orientation with .NET Part II: Coupling, Abstraction, and Discoverability     283

10.1 Service Loose Coupling     285

Service Loose Coupling and Patterns     286

10.2 Decoupled Contract     288

WSDL-First     289

Generating Service Code Using Svcutil     294

Generating WCF Service Code Using WSCF.blue     297

Generating ASMX Service Code Using WSCF.classic     302

10.3 Service Façade     304

10.4 Concurrent Contracts     307

10.5 Service Loose Coupling and Service Capability Granularity     308

10.6 Service Abstraction     313

10.7 Validation Abstraction     315

10.8 Exception Shielding     319

10.9 Service Discoverability     321

In-line Documentation     322

REST and Hypermedia     323

Service Profiles     323

10.10 Metadata Centralization     325

CHAPTER 11: Service-Orientation with .NET Part III: Reusability and Agnostic Service Models     327

11.1 Service Reusability and the Separation of Concerns     329

Functional Decomposition     330

Service Encapsulation     332

Agnostic Context     332

Agnostic Capability     334

Utility Abstraction     335

Entity Abstraction     336

The Inventory Analysis Cycle     337

Additional Design Considerations     339

11.2 Case Study Example: Utility Abstraction with a .NET Web Service     339

11.3 Case Study Example: Entity Abstraction with a .NET REST Service     351

CHAPTER 12: Service-Orientation with .NET Part IV: Service Composition and Orchestration Basics     369

12.1 Service Composition 101     371

Service-Orientation and Service Composition     371

Service Composability (PSD)     373

Capability Composition and Capability Recomposition     374

Capability Composition     375

Capability Recomposition     375

Composition Roles     377

Service Layers     377

Non-Agnostic Context     379

Process Abstraction and Task Services     380

12.2 Orchestration     382

Process Abstraction, Process Centralization, and Orchestrated Task Services     382

Process Centralization and Tools     384

Process Abstraction and WS-BPEL     385

State Repository and Compensating Service Transaction     385

State Repository with .NET     386

Compensating Service Transaction     387

Other Patterns     388

Microsoft Orchestration Platforms: WF and BizTalk Server     388

CHAPTER 13: Orchestration Patterns with WF     393

13.1 Process Abstraction and Orchestrated Task Services     397

A Brief History of WF Service Contract Support     397

Publishing WF Workflows as Web Services and Activities     399

Workflows Published as ASMX Services     399

Workflows Published via WCF 3.5 Activities     408

Workflows Published via WCF 4.0 Activities     410

Workflows Published via ExternalDataExchange Services     413

WS-I BasicProfile Support     417

Publishing WF Workflows as REST Services     419

JSON Encoding     421

Send and Receive Activity Configuration     422

Orchestrated Task Services with REST and WF 4.0     423

13.2 Process Centralization     425

Centralized Process Maintenance     425

WS-BPEL Support     426

13.3 State Repository     426

SQL Persistence Service and Scaling Out in WF 3.0     429

SQL Persistence Service and Scaling Out in WF 4     431

13.4 Compensating Service Transaction     434

Creating Compensations     434

Triggering Compensations     435

13.5 Case Study Example     436

CHAPTER 14: Orchestration Patterns with BizTalk Server     441

14.1 Process Abstraction and Orchestrated Task Services     443

Orchestrated Task Service Contracts     445

WS-* Support     447

Case Study Example     448

14.2 Process Centralization     450

Centralized Process Maintenance     450

WS-BPEL Support     451

Exporting BizTalk Orchestrations to WS-BPEL     451

Importing WS-BPEL Processes into BizTalk     454

14.3 State Repository     455

14.4 Compensating Service Transaction     456

Case Study Example     459

PART III: INFRASTRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURE

CHAPTER 15: Enterprise Service Bus with BizTalk Server and Windows Azure     465

15.1 Microsoft and the ESB     466

15.2 Integration with BizTalk     467

Application Integration 101     467

The BizTalk Hub-Bus Model     469

15.3 The ESB Toolkit     470

Itineraries     472

Itineraries Types     474

The Itinerary Lifecycle     475

Resolvers     476

Adapter Providers     478

WCF-Custom and REST Services     479

15.4 Distributed and Scalable ESB Architecture     480

Configuring for High-Availability     480

Techniques for Scaling     481

Distributed ESBs     482

15.5 Cloud-Enabling the ESB with Windows Azure     483

Receiving Messages from Azure’s AppFabric Service Bus     484

Sending Messages to Azure’s AppFabric Service Bus     485

15.6 Governance Considerations     487

SLA Enforcement     488

Monitoring     488

Preparing Project Teams     489

15.7 Mapping the Microsoft Platform to the Enterprise Service Bus Pattern     490

CHAPTER 16: Windows Azure Platform AppFabric Service Bus     493

16.1 Introducing the Service Bus     494

Connectivity Fabric     494

Message Buffers     496

Service Registry     497

16.2 Service Bus and REST     498

REST-Based Service Design     498

REST-Based Service Consumer Design     499

Message Buffers and REST     499

16.3 Service Bus Connectivity Models     499

Eventing     500

Service Remoting     501

Tunneling     501

16.4 Working with Windows Azure Platform AppFabric Service Bus     503

Setting up the AppFabric Service Bus     504

Defining a REST-Based Service Bus Contract     513

Creating the Service Bus Message Buffer     514

CHAPTER 17: SOA Security with .NET and Windows Azure     517

17.1 Authentication and Authorization with WCF     518

Direct and Brokered Authentication     518

Direct Authentication     518

Brokered Authentication     519

Authentication Patterns in WCF     520

Role-Based Authorization     520

Authorization Roles in WCF     521

Authorizing Operations with Roles     523

Claims-Based Authorization     524

Claims Processing in WCF     526

Implementing Claims-Based Authorization     527

Access Control in Windows Azure     528

Designing Custom Claims     529

Case Study Example     530

17.2 Windows Identity Foundation (WIF)     533

Digital Identity     534

The Identity Metasystem     534

Windows Cardspace     536

Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)     539

WIF Programming Model     540

WCF Integration     540

Programming Windows Cardspace     540

Developing a Relying Party     541

Developing an Identity Provider     542

17.3 Windows Azure Security     543

Cloud Computing Security 101     543

Cross-Domain Access Control     544

Hybrid Cloud Security     545

Inter-Organization Service Composition Security     545

External Identity Providers     546

Claims-Based Access Control, As-A-Service     546

Windows Azure Platform AppFabric Access Control Overview     548

Access Control Step-by-Step     550

Access Control and REST     552

Access Control Service Authorization Scenarios     553

Hybrid Cloud Authorization Model     553

Public Cloud Authorization Model     554

Cloud-to-Cloud Authorization Model     554

Case Study Example     555

CHAPTER 18: Service-Oriented Presentation Layers with .NET     557

18.1 Windows Presentation Foundation and the Prism Library     559

Shell     561

Views     562

View Discovery versus View Injection     563

Regions     563

Modules     565

Shared Services     566

18.2 Design Patterns for Presentation Logic     567

User Interface Patterns     567

Composite View [CJP]     568

Command [DP]     568

UI Mediator     568

Separated Presentation     568

Modularity Patterns     569

Separated Interface [PEA]     570

Plug-In [PEA]     570

Event Aggregator [PEA]     570

Inversion of Control [DP]     570

Dependency Injection [PEA]     570

Service Locator [CJP]     571

18.3 A Simple Service-Oriented User Interface     571

Creating the Project     571

Dynamically Loading Modules     579

CHAPTER 19: Service Performance Optimization     583

19.1 Overview     584

Optimization Areas     585

Service Implementation Processing     585

Service Framework Processing     586

Wire Transmission Processing     586

19.2 Service Performance Optimization Techniques     586

Caching to Avoid Costly Processing     587

Intermediary     589

Service Container     589

Service Proxy     590

Caching Utility Service     590

Comparing Caching Techniques     591

Cache Implementation Technologies     592

Computing Cache Keys     593

Case Study Example     594

Method 1     597

Method 2     598

Caching REST Responses     599

Monitoring Cache Efficiency     601

Reducing Resource Contention     603

Request Throttling     604

Throttling With WCF     605

Case Study Example     606

Request Throttling with BizTalk Server     607

Coarse-Grained Service Contracts     608

Case Study Example     609

Selecting Application Containers     610

Performance Policies     612

Case Study Example     620

REST Service Message Sizes     621

Hardware Encryption      622

Transport Encryption     622

Message Encryption     623

Custom Encryption Solution     623

High Performance Transport     625

Case Study Example     626

MTOM Encoding     627

Case Study Example     628

Performance Considerations for Service Contract Design     630

Case Study Example     631

Impact on Service-Orientation Principles     633

19.3 Service Composition Performance Optimization Techniques     637

Transformation Avoidance and Caching     637

Asynchronous Interactions     639

Parallelize Where Possible     641

Parallel Activity in WF     641

Parallel Execution in BizTalk Server     643

Replicator Activity in WF     644

Consider Co-Hosting When Necessary     645

Compose High Performance Services     648

Impact on Service-Orientation Principles     648

CHAPTER 20: SOA Metrics with BAM     653

20.1 SOA Metric Types     654

20.2 Introducing BizTalk BAM     655

BizTalk and BAM     655

BAM Solution Architecture     656

The BAM Management Utility     659

The Tracking Profile Editor (TPE)     659

Real-Time vs Scheduled Aggregations     660

20.3 Activities and Views     661

Roles-based Views for Service Governance     662

Creating Views     663

20.4 BAM APIs     665

Event Streams     665

DirectEventStream (DES)     665

BufferedEventStream (BES)     665

OrchestrationEventStream (OES)     666

IPipelineContext Interface     666

Abstracted APIs for Service Metrics     666

Metrics for Service Compositions     669

WCF and WF Interceptors     670

Notifications     670

Rapid Prototyping     671

20.5 Managing BAM     672

Database Outages     672

Security     672

Scripting Deployment     673

Reporting     676

Case Study Example     677

PART IV: APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: Case Study Conclusion     685

APPENDIX B: Industry Standards Reference     687

APPENDIX C: Service-Orientation Principles Reference     691

APPENDIX D: SOA Design Patterns Reference     707

APPENDIX E: The Annotated SOA Manifesto     795

The Annotated SOA Manifesto     796

APPENDIX F: Additional Resources     809

Consuming Services with WCF     811

Introduction     811

Cleaning Up Resources     812

The Proper Disposal and Closing of an ICommunicationObject     812

The ICommunicationObject.Close() Method     812

The ICommunicationObject.Abort() Method     814

Abort() versus Close()     814

IDisposable for Cleaning Up Resources     814

IDisposable and Its Relation to ClientBase and ChannelFactory     815

Cleaning Up Resources with the Using Block     816

Cleaning Up Resources with the Try-Catch-Finally-Abort Pattern     817

Handling Exceptions and Cleaning Up Resources with the Try-Close-Catch-Abort Pattern     818

Cleaning Up Resources in a Convenient Way     819

How to Handle Connections when Consuming Services Using WCF     822

Conclusion     823

About the Authors     825

About the Contributors     829

About the Foreword Contributors     831

Index     833

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