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Small Group and Team Communication

ISBN: 9780205289899 | 0205289894
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon, Inc.
Pub. Date: 8/1/1998

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SummaryTable of Contents
Praised for its writing style, research base, and range of topics covered, "Small Group and Team Communication" develops issues of diversity, ethics, technology and the organizational use of groups and teams within a systems theory framework. Clearly organized and logically presented, this book provides the opportunity for outstanding discussions of critical issues. Harris and Sherblom effectively integrate real-world examples, hypothetical situations, social science theories, and scholarly research into a unified discussion of small group and team communication. Through extensive examples, case studies, and exercises, "Small Group and Team Communication" engages the reader and guides them from theoretical discussions into application and experience of the concepts presented.
Prefacexiii
1 Small Groups: Power, Definition, and Attraction
1(18)
The Power of Groups
2(1)
... MORE
Defining Small Group Communication
3(2)
Transactional Process
3(1)
Symbolic Behavior
4(1)
Shared Meaning
5(1)
Why Join a Group?
5(2)
Interpersonal Attraction
5(1)
Need for Affiliation
6(1)
Commitment to Group Goals and Activities
7(1)
Assignment by Someone Else
7(1)
Characteristics of Small Groups
7(2)
Interdependence and Interactivity
7(1)
Exponential Number of Interactions
8(1)
Synergy
9(1)
Characteristics of Small Group Communication
9(2)
Complex Transactions
10(1)
Interactive Complexities
10(1)
Types of Small Groups
11(2)
Groups in Organizations
13(2)
Examples from the Automotive Industry
13(1)
Meetings
14(1)
Summary
15(1)
Discussion Questions
16(1)
Discussion Exercise: Inventing the Light Bulb
17(1)
References
18(1)
2 Groups as Systems of Interaction
19(18)
Understanding Small Group Success
20(2)
Communication in Small Groups
22(1)
A Systems Approach to Small Group Communication
23(9)
Systems Theory
23(1)
Open Systems
24(4)
Complex Systems
28(4)
Summary
32(1)
Discussion Questions
33(1)
Discussion Exercise: The Zoo Story
33(3)
The Trainers
34(1)
The Behaviorists
34(1)
The Outcome: Making It Work
34(1)
Systems Principles at the Zoo
35(1)
References
36(1)
3 Norms, Roles, Cohesiveness, and Groupthink
37(15)
Norms
38(3)
The Reason for Norms
38(1)
Types of Norms
39(1)
Violating Norms
40(1)
Roles
41(4)
Types of Roles
41(3)
The Function of Roles
44(1)
Cohesiveness
45(1)
Influences on Cohesiveness
46(1)
Consequences of Cohesiveness
46(1)
Groupthink
46(1)
Summary
47(1)
Discussion Questions
48(1)
Discussion Exercise: The New Truck
48(3)
References
51(1)
4 Four Phases of Group Development: Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing
52(17)
Forming: Hello, Orientation, and Inclusion
54(2)
Storming: Conflict in Groups
56(2)
Norming: Emergence as a Group
58(1)
Performing: Making Decisions and Solving Problems
59(1)
Terminating
60(2)
Usefulness of the Phase Model
62(1)
Modifications
62(1)
Organizational Teams
63(1)
Overriding Influences
63(2)
Formal or Informal Group
64(1)
Task and Social Dynamics
64(1)
Primary and Secondary Tensions
65(1)
Summary
65(1)
Discussion Questions
66(1)
Group Exercise: The Consulting Firm
66(1)
References
67(2)
5 Diversity in Groups: The Strength of Different Perspectives
69(15)
Defining Diversity and Its Place in Small Groups
70(1)
Assumptions and Stereotyping
71(2)
Communication Contexts
73(2)
Language Use
74(1)
Nonverbal Communication
74(1)
Diversity in Small Groups and Teams
75(2)
Group Commitment and Consensus
75(1)
Strength in Diversity
76(1)
Making Diverse Groups Work
77(3)
Conflict Management
77(1)
Hierarchies of Power
78(1)
Pressures for Conformity
79(1)
Summary
80(1)
Discussion Questions
81(1)
Discussion Exercise: Diversity and Living Together
81(2)
References
83(1)
6 Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
84(20)
Functions of Verbal Communication
86(2)
Task Ordering
86(1)
Process Orientation
86(1)
Narratives and Group Fantasies
87(1)
Structures of Meaning in Verbal Communication
88(4)
Denotative and Connotative Meaning
88(1)
Semantics
89(1)
Group Talk
90(2)
Humor
92(1)
Nonverbal Communication
92(7)
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
92(2)
Types of Nonverbal Communication
94(5)
Summary
99(1)
Discussion Questions
99(2)
Discussion Exercise: To Catch a Spy
101(1)
References
102(2)
7 Listening and Feedback: The Other Half of Communication
104(16)
Motivation
107(1)
The Four Components of Listening
107(4)
Sensing (Hearing the Message)
107(2)
Interpreting the Message
109(1)
Evaluating the Message Content
110(1)
Memory: Retaining and Responding to the Message
111(1)
Active Listening
111(4)
Barriers to Active Listening
111(3)
Active Listening Response Methods
114(1)
Feedback: Responding to the Message
115(3)
Providing Constructive Feedback
115(2)
Receiving Feedback
117(1)
Summary
118(1)
Discussion Questions
118(1)
Discussion Exercise: The Nondebate
119(1)
References
119(1)
8 Group Evolution: Teams
120(16)
The Scope of Employee Involvement Programs
122(1)
Teams
123(8)
Quality Circles
124(3)
Self-Managing Work Teams
127(4)
Summary
131(1)
Discussion Questions
131(1)
Discussion Exercise: The Research Team
132(1)
Skills Selection Form
132(2)
References
134(2)
9 Decision Making and Problem Solving
136(20)
Decision Making and Problem Solving
137(2)
The Stages of Decision Making and Problem Solving
139(6)
Defining the Problem
139(1)
Constraints in the Context of Goals
140(1)
Searching Out Alternatives
141(2)
Making the Decision
143(1)
Implementing the Decision
144(1)
Evaluating the Decision
144(1)
Patterns of Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Groups
145(2)
Group Composition
146(1)
Group Process
146(1)
The Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Process
147(5)
Problem Identification and Information Gathering
147(2)
Refining Goals
149(1)
Refining Alternatives
150(1)
Making the Choice
150(1)
Implementing the Decision
151(1)
Summary
152(1)
Discussion Questions
153(1)
Discussion Exercise: Critical and Creative Steps in Decision Making
154(1)
References
155(1)
10 Creativity in the Small Group Process
156(18)
What Is Creativity?
157(1)
Creativity Means a New Way of Looking
158(1)
Barriers to Creativity
159(5)
Perceptual Barriers
160(2)
Cultural Barriers
162(1)
Emotional Barriers
163(1)
Techniques for Encouraging Creativity
164(3)
Idea Needlers
164(1)
Manipulative Verbs
164(2)
Association and Metaphors
166(1)
Analogy
166(1)
Solving Problems Creatively
167(1)
A Creative Group Climate
168(3)
Openness
168(1)
Sharing
168(1)
Gibb's Communication Climate Comparisons
168(3)
Summary
171(1)
Discussion Questions
171(1)
Discussion Exercise: Competitive Team Creativity
172(1)
References
173(1)
11 Group Process and Presentation Techniques
174(20)
Brainstorming
175(1)
Creative Decision-Making Techniques
176(6)
Focus Groups
177(1)
Nominal Group Technique
177(2)
Delphi Technique
179(1)
Synectics
179(1)
Buzz Sessions
180(1)
Idea Writing
181(1)
Role Playing
181(1)
Listening Teams
181(1)
Problem-Solving Tools
182(5)
Flowcharts
182(1)
Fishbone Diagrams
182(3)
Pareto's Principle
185(2)
The RISK Procedure
187(1)
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
187(1)
Small Group Presentational Formats
188(2)
The Forum
188(1)
The Panel
189(1)
The Colloquium
189(1)
The Symposium
190(1)
Summary
190(1)
Discussion Questions
190(2)
Discussion Exercise: Practicing Technique
192(1)
References
193(1)
12 Productive Conflict Management
194(21)
Defining Conflict within a Communication Context
196(3)
Conflict within Systems
196(1)
Conflict within Small Groups
197(1)
The Substance of Conflict
198(1)
Patterns of Conflict Resolution
199(6)
Collaboration (and Consensus)
200(1)
Negotiation
201(1)
Accommodation
202(1)
Compromise
203(1)
Competition
203(2)
Avoidance
205(1)
Power in Group Conflict
205(4)
Expert Power
206(1)
Interpersonal Linkage Power
206(1)
Reward and Punishment Power
207(1)
Positional (Legitimate) Power
207(1)
Referent Power
207(1)
Charismatic (or Personal) Power
208(1)
Avoidance Power
208(1)
Power in Context
209(1)
Summary
210(1)
Discussion Questions
211(1)
Discussion Exercise: Mediating Disputes
212(2)
References
214(1)
13 Leadership in Small Groups
215(22)
Recognizing Leaders
216(1)
Leadership as a Function in a System
217(1)
Theories of Leadership
218(6)
Managerial Leadership Grid Theory
219(3)
Transactional and Transformational Theories
222(1)
Leadership by Adaptation
222(1)
Leaderless Groups
223(1)
Three Characteristics of Leaders
224(2)
Vision
224(1)
Credibility
224(1)
Communication Competence
225(1)
Choosing a Leader
226(3)
Appointed Leaders
226(1)
Elected Leaders
227(1)
Emergent Leaders
227(1)
Shared (Facilitative) Leadership
228(1)
Tasks of Group Leaders
229(1)
Facilitating Meetings
229(1)
Empowering Group Members
229(1)
Managing Conflict
230(1)
Influences on Group Leadership
230(2)
External Context
230(1)
Nature of Task
231(1)
Interdependence of Group Members
231(1)
Leadership Styles
232(2)
Leader-as-Technician
232(1)
Leader-as-Conductor
233(1)
Leader-as-Coach
233(1)
Summary
234(1)
Discussion Questions
234(1)
Discussion Exercises: Leadership Roles
235(1)
References
236(1)
14 Observing and Evaluating a Small Group
237(18)
Systematic Feedback
238(1)
Success and Failure
239(1)
Observer-Members Scales
239(8)
Rating Scales
240(1)
Postmeeting Reaction Forms
241(6)
Observer Feedback Guidelines
247(4)
Individual Role Behavior
251(1)
Verbal Interaction and Content Analyses
251(2)
Summary
253(1)
Discussion Questions
253(1)
Discussion Exercise: Evaluating Ourselves
253(1)
References
254(1)
Epilogue: The Next Ten Years255(2)
Discussion Question256(1)
References256(1)
Appendix: Gathering, Organizing, Processing, and Presenting Information as a Team257(6)
I. Choose a Topic257(1)
II. Gather Information257(1)
III. Process the Information258(2)
IV. Organize the Information for Presentation260(2)
V. Practice262(1)
Index263

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