Preface to the Revised Anniversary Edition xi

Preface to the Second Edition xlviii

Introduction 1

Part I Empire and Aftermath: A.D . 200–500 35

1 “The Laws of Countries”: Prologue and Overview 37

2 Christianity and Empire 54

3 Tempora Christiana : Christian Times 72

4 Virtutes sanctorum . . . strages gentium : “Deeds of Saints . . . Slaughter of Nations” 93

5 On the Frontiers: Noricum, Ireland, and Francia 123

Part II Divergent Legacies: A.D . 500–600 143

6 Reverentia, rusticitas : Caesarius of Arles to Gregory of Tours 145

7 Bishops, City, and Desert: East Rome 166

8 Regimen animarum : Gregory the Great 190

Part III The End of Ancient Christianity: A.D . 600–750 217

9 Powerhouses of Prayer: Monasticism in Western Europe 219

10 The Making of a Sapiens : Religion and Culture in Continental Europe and in Ireland 232

11 Medicamenta paenitentiae : Columbanus 248

12 Christianity in Asia and the Rise of Islam 267

13 “The Changing of the Kingdoms”: Christians under Islam 295

14 Christianities of the North: Ireland 321

15 Christianities of the North: The Saxons of Britain 340

16 Micro-Christendoms 355

Part IV New Christendoms: A.D . 750–1000 381

17 The Crisis of the Image: The Byzantine Iconoclast Controversy 383

18 The Closing of the Frontier: Frisia and Germany 408

19 “To Rule the Christian People”: Charlemagne 434

20 In gçar dagum , “In Days of Yore”: Northern Christendom and its Past 464

Notes 490

Coordinated Chronological Tables 573

Bibliography 578

Primary Sources 578

Secondary Sources 589

Index

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