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Research Methodology In The Medical And Biological Sciences

by: Laake; Benestad; Olsen

Research Methodology In The Medical And Biological Sciences

by: Laake; Benestad; Olsen

ISBN 13:
9780123738745
ISBN 10:
0123738741
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 11/05/2007
Publisher: Elsevier Science

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Summary

Providing easy-to-access information, this unique sourcebook covers the wide range of topics that a researcher must be familiar with in order to become a successful experimental scientist. Perfect for aspiring as well as practicing professionals in the medical and biological sciences it discusses a broad range of topics that are common, yet not traditionally considered part of formal curricula. The information presented also facilitates communication across conventional disciplinary boundaries, in line with the increasingly multidisciplinary nature of modern research projects. · Perfect for students with various professional backgrounds providing a broad scientific perspective · Easily accessible, concise material makes learning about diverse methods achievable in today's fast-paced world · Extensive online resources include further reading suggestions, data files, statistical tables, and the StaTable application package

Preface	p. xi
Contributors	p. xv
List of abbreviations and symbols	p. xxiii
Philosophy of Science	p. 1
Philosophy of the natural sciences	p. 1
Philosophy of the social sciences	p. 24
Ethics and Scientific Conduct	p. 33
A brief introduction to ethics	p. 33
Scientific conduct and misconduct	p. 36
Misconduct and why it occurs	p. 38
Fabrication and other forms of misconduct affecting the truth claims of scientific findings	p. 40
Authorship issues	p. 43
Salami, imalas and duplicate publication	p. 46
The investigation and punishment of scientific misconduct	p. 47
	p. 50
Ethics in Human and Animal Studies	p. 53
Introduction	p. 53
Basic principles of human research ethics	p. 54
International regulation	p. 56
The ethics of animal research	p. 70
World (Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects	p. 74
Oviedo Convention (Council of Europe, European Treaty Series 164)	p. 80
Oviedo Convention-Additional Protocol Concerning Biomedical Research, Chapter I-IX (Council of Europe, European Treaty Series 195)	p. 82
Research Methodology: Strategies, Planning and Analysis	p. 93
Introduction	p. 93
Your scientific problem	p. 95
More on scientific problems	p. 97
Literature, methods and techniques	p. 97
Research conditions	p. 100
Data types	p. 103
Techniques	p. 105
Repeatability, reproducibility and reliability	p. 109
Validity, effect measure and choice of statistical test	p. 112
Experimental protocol	p. 116
Experimental routine	p. 122
Literature Search and Personal Reference Databases	p. 125
Information literacy	p. 125
Systematic literature search	p. 127
How to formulate a query: PICO	p. 129
Search technique	p. 133
Methodology filters	p. 136
Quality: critical appraisal	p. 138
Impact factor	p. 140
Principal bibliographic databases	p. 145
Staying up to date	p. 150
Medical and scientific internet search engines	p. 154
Personal reference databases	p. 155
Methods in Molecular Biology	p. 161
Introduction	p. 161
Recombinant DNA technology	p. 163
DNA and RNA: isolation, identification, synthesis and analysis	p. 168
Practical applications of DNA/RNA technology	p. 174
Protein analyses	p. 187
Bioinformatics	p. 195
Strategies and Methods of Basic Medical Research	p. 199
Introduction	p. 199
Long-term goals and specific aims	p. 201
Background and significance	p. 205
Experimental strategies and methods	p. 207
Pilot studies	p. 207
Rules for basic medical research projects	p. 209
Clinical Research	p. 213
Controlled clinical trials	p. 213
Publication bias	p. 227
Estimating sample size	p. 227
'Non-inferiority' studies	p. 234
Generalization	p. 237
Epidemiology: Concepts and Methods	p. 241
Introduction	p. 241
Definitions	p. 242
The role of epidemiology	p. 243
Population and sample	p. 245
Measures of disease occurrence, association, risk and implications	p. 246
Vital statistics	p. 251
Study designs of epidemiological studies	p. 254
Effect measures in epidemiological studies	p. 261
Experimental studies and randomized control trials	p. 268
Measurement error and sources of error	p. 268
Tests and validity	p. 271
Causes of disease	p. 275
Association versus causality	p. 278
Qualitative Research	p. 281
Qualitative versus quantitative research	p. 281
Using qualitative research	p. 283
What qualitative research cannot be used for	p. 284
Samples in qualitative studies	p. 285
Reliability and validity	p. 286
Ethical challenges in qualitative research	p. 287
Qualitative data collection	p. 291
Triangulation	p. 301
Analyses of qualitative data	p. 303
Releasing qualitative data	p. 306
Statistical Issues	p. 311
Introduction	p. 311
Effect measure, hypothesis testing and confidence interval	p. 312
Bernoulli trial	p. 315
Comparing two proportions	p. 318
Measures of association in 2 x 2 tables	p. 323
Normal distribution	p. 329
Comparison of means	p. 332
Non-parametric methods	p. 342
Regression analysis	p. 350
Evidence-Based Practice and Critical Appraisal of Systematic Reviews	p. 365
Introduction	p. 365
Systematic reviews	p. 366
Critical appraisal of a systematic review: one example	p. 368
Summary	p. 380
Scientific Communication	p. 383
Introduction	p. 383
The scientific paper	p. 383
Posters	p. 410
Successful Lecturing	p. 415
Introduction	p. 415
Preparing the lecture	p. 416
Lecture content and form	p. 418
Manuscript	p. 424
Delivering a lecture	p. 427
Guide to Grant Applications	p. 433
Introduction	p. 433
Getting started	p. 435
The postdoctoral fellow and junior scientist	p. 437
What goes into a successful grant application?	p. 443
The investigator-initiated research grant	p. 445
Multiproject grants	p. 448
International research collaborations	p. 451
The European Union's seventh Framework Programme	p. 454
Summary and perspective	p. 456
Index	p. 457
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Research Methodology In The Medical And Biological Sciences

Research Methodology In The Medical And Biological Sciences

9780123738745

0123738741

Summary

Table of Contents

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