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| Preparing for research | |
| Owning your research | |
| Understand the benefits | |
| Tap personal and professional interests | |
| Develop an interest inventory | |
| Find space in the assignment | |
| Make room in your schedule | |
| Read for discovery | |
| Raise questions | |
| Develop confidence: What do you already know? | |
| ... MORE | |
| Discuss potential topics with friends and classmates | |
| Reading sources | |
| Reading to comprehend | |
| Reading to reflect | |
| Reading to write | |
| Exploring and sharpening your topic | |
| Exploring research topics | |
| Focusing a topic | |
| Developing a research question | |
| Writing a research proposal | |
| The typical components of a research proposal | |
| Analyzing the rhetorical situation | |
| Drafting research questions and hypotheses | |
| Providing a rationale | |
| Establishing methods | |
| Setting a schedule | |
| Choosing research sources strategically | |
| Building a working bibliography | |
| Annotating a working bibliography | |
| Developing a literature review | |
| Formatting the project proposal Sample project proposal | |
| Finding and processing information | |
| Gathering information | |
| Choosing research sources strategically | |
| Finding periodicals using databases and indexes | |
| Finding reference works | |
| Finding books | |
| Finding government publications and other documents | |
| Finding sources in special collections: Rare books, manuscripts, and archives | |
| Finding multimedia sources | |
| Meeting the challenges of online research | |
| Web and database searches: Developing search strategies | |
| Finding other electronic sources | |
| Finding multimedia sources online | |
| Evaluating information | |
| Evaluating for relevance | |
| Evaluating for credibility | |
| Evaluating for reliability | |
| Evaluating logic | |
| Evaluating online texts | |
| Evaluating visual sources | |
| Evaluating oral presentations | |
| Taking notes and keeping records | |
| Choosing an organizer to fit your work style | |
| Keeping the trail: your search notes | |
| What to include in research notes | |
| Taking content notes | |
| aking notes to avoid plagiarizing and patchwriting | |
| Citing your sources and avoiding plagiarism | |
| What are a writer’s responsibilities? | |
| What does acknowledging sources involve? | |
| What you do have to cite | |
| What you do not have to cite | |
| Why are there so many ways to cite? | |
| Drafting to avoid plagiarizing and patchwriting | |
| Getting permissions | |
| Collaboration and source use | |
| Writing an annotated bibliography | |
| What is an annotated bibliography and why write one? | |
| The citation | |
| The annotation | |
| Formatting the annotated bibliography | |
| Sample student annotated bibliography | |
| Developing new information | |
| Archives and primary documents | |
| Interviews | |
| Observation | |
| Surveys | |
| Getting organized | |
| Writing and refining the thesis | |
| Predrafting a hypothesis | |
| Placing the hypothesis in dialogue with sources | |
| Drafting a thesis statement | |
| Refining the thesis | |
| Organizing your research | |
| Organize your materials and notes | |
| Arrange your ideas into logical groupings | |
| Consider the project's overall shape and genre | |
| Choose an organizational strategy | |
| Spatial order | |
| Chronological (or time) order | |
| General to specific or specific to general order | |
| Problem to solution or solution to problem | |
| Familiar to unfamiliar or unfamiliar to familiar | |
| Climactic, journalists', or Nestorian order | |
| Outlining | |
| Informal | |
| Formal | |
| Check for unity and coherence | |
| Outlining exercise | |
| For the visual thinker | |
| Clusters and maps | |
| Arrange your ideas from general to specific: Trees | |
| Storyboards (for multimedia presentations of research) | |
| Site maps (for websites) | |
| Writing your project | |
| Drafting your project | |
| Writing a first draft | |
| Getting ready: Allocating time and finding the right place | |
| Starting to write | |
| Overcoming writer's block | |
| Working on paragraphs | |
| Writing relevant paragraphs | |
| Writing unified paragraphs | |
| Focus the paragraph on a central idea and delete irrelevant details. | |
| Place the topic sentence appropriately. | |
| Leave the main idea unstated | |
| Writing coherent paragraphs | |
| Organize your paragraphs logically, spatially, or chronologically | |
| Use transitions within paragraphs. | |
| Repeat words, phrases, and sentence structures | |
| Use pronouns and synonyms to refer to words used earlier. | |
| Combine techniques | |
| Writing fully developed paragraphs | |
| Support general statements with specific details: Reasons, facts, statistics, examples. | |
| Use rhetorical patterns to develop paragraphs | |
| Writing introductory paragraphs | |
| Writing concluding paragraphs | |
| Connecting paragraphs | |
| Making a visual appeal: Rational, ethical, emotional | |
| Sample student draft | |
| Creating a website | |
| Publishing and maintaining a website | |
| Drafting collaboratively | |
| Supporting your claims and entering conversations | |
| Explaining and supporting your ideas: reasons and evidence | |
| Offering reasons to support your thesis | |
| Providing evidence to defend your claims | |
| Incorporating the counterevidence to your claims | |
| Using visuals as support | |
| Incorporating like an expert | |
| Evaluation | |
| Analysis | |
| Synthesizing ideas and information | |
| Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing | |
| Signaling sources | |
| Integrating quotations | |
| Acknowledging sources | |
| Creating transparent, elegant citations | |
| Revising globally and locally | |
| Revising globally: Learning to re-see | |
| Gain distance | |
| Reread your draft | |
| Revise for focus | |
| Revise for audience | |
| Revise for organization | |
| Revise for development | |
| Reconsider your title | |
| Revising locally: Words and sentences | |
| Choose words with care | |
| denotation | |
| connotation | |
| levels of formality and appropriate usage | |
| general and specific language | |
| Craft grammatically correct, clear, varied, and concise sentences | |
| clear and correct sentences | |
| sentence variety and conciseness | |
| Make a personalized editing checklist | |
| Quick reference: revising globally and locally | |
| Revising visuals | |
| Avoid visual clutter | |
| Keep visuals clear and accurate | |
| Avoid distorting omissions | |
| Don't manipulate | |
| Check placement | |
| Revising with others | |
| The writer's role | |
| The reader's role | |
| Working with a tutor or instructor | |
| Revising and editing a website | |
| Proofreading your text | |
| Designing and presenting your project (10 single spaced pages) | |
| Image matters | |
| Image matters to meaning | |
| Image matters to readability | |
| Image matters to ethos | |
| Making design decisions: purpose, audience, context, and genre | |
| Purpose | |
| Audience | |
| Context | |
| Genre | |
| Looking at models | |
| Understanding the principles: CRAP (contrast, repetition, alignment, proximity) | |
| Applying the principles | |
| Creating an overall impression | |
| Planning the layout | |
| Formatting the document | |
| Designing a website | |
| Adding visuals | |
| planning for visuals | |
| multimedia illustrations | |
| Getting It Across: Storyboarding | |
| Deciding whether to copy visuals or to create them | |
| Obtaining permissions and fair use | |
| Incorporating sound and video into multimedia research projects | |
| Ten steps for presenting (about 3 pages on presenting), + slide samples | |
| Documenting research | |
| Conducting research in the disciplines (7 pp single spaced) | |
| Comparing the Disciplines | |
| Humanities | |
| Social Sciences | |
| Sciences | |
| MLA | |
| In-text citations | |
| Works cited list | |
| APA | |
| In-text citations | |
| Works cited list | |
| Chicago | |
| In-text citations | |
| Works cited list | |
| CSE | |
| In-text citations | |
| Works cited list | |
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