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Research in Communication Sciences and Disorders Methods-Applications-Evaluations

by: Meline, Timothy

Research in Communication Sciences and Disorders Methods-Applications-Evaluations

by: Meline, Timothy

ISBN 13:
9780131837744
ISBN 10:
0131837745
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 07/07/2005
Publisher: Pearson

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Summary

From one of the best-known authorities in research and research to practice issues comes an important text for teaching research methods and applications. An interactive writing style with technology notes throughout allows instructors to teach content, methods, and evaluation. Application examples and study questions provide many opportunities for formative and summative assessment of student learning.

PART I Foundations of Science and Research in Communication Disorders

(52)

Scientific Inquiry in Communication Disorders Research

(20)

The Scientific Method

(3)

Scientific Observations

(1)

Cause and Effect

(1)

Steps in the Scientific Method

(1)

Types of Research in Communication Disorders

(6)

Basic and Applied Research

(1)

Laboratory and Field Studies

(1)

Experimental and Quasi-experimental Research Types

(3)

Types of Variables in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Operational Definitions in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Research Data in Communication Disorders

(8)

The Reliability of Collected Data

(1)

Internal Validity in Communication Disorders Research

(4)

External Validity in Communication Disorders Research

(2)

Conclusion: Scientific Inquiry in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case Studies: Scientific Inquiry in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case 1.1: Snooping for Unusual Data

(1)

Case 1.2: Nuisance Variables for Professor Ross?

(1)

Case 1.3: Question of Time

(1)

Student Exercises: Scientific Inquiry in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Ethics in Communication Disorders Research

(14)

A Brief History of Research Ethics

(2)

Professional Codes of Ethics and Research

(4)

Ethical Principle One: Respect for Persons

(1)

Ethical Principle Two: Beneficence

(1)

Ethical Principle Three: Justice

(2)

Statements of Ethics in Research

(1)

Issues in Research Ethics

(5)

Research Participants

(1)

Informed Consent

(3)

Privacy and Confidentiality

(1)

Collecting Data, Describing Procedures, and Reporting Results

(1)

Conflicts of Interest in Research

(1)

Honoring Promises and Commitments to Participants

(1)

Evidence-Based Practice and Ethics in Research

(1)

Conclusion: Ethics in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case Studies: Evaluating Ethics in Communication Disorders Research

Case 2.1: Mrs. Toller's Dilemma

(1)

Case 2.2: Authorship for Professor Baker

(1)

Case 2.3: Deception in the Classroom

(1)

Student Exercises: Ethics in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Summarizing Observations in Communication Disorders Research

(16)

Levels of Measurement in Communication Disorders Research

(2)

Nominal Level of Measurement

(1)

Ordinal Level of Measurement

(1)

Interval Level of Measurement

(1)

Ratio Level of Measurement

(1)

Summary Statistics in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Descriptive Statistics in Communication Disorders Research

(6)

Measures of Location

(2)

Measures of Individual Location

(1)

Measures of Variability

(2)

Statistical Graphics in Communication Disorders Research

(4)

Univariate Statistical Graphics

(2)

Bivariate Statistical Graphics

(1)

Comparing Two or More Samples

(1)

Graphing Individual Observations

(1)

Conclusion: Summarizing Observations in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case Studies: Summarizing Observations in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case 3.1: Collaboration and Consultation

(1)

Case 3.2: Challenge for Clinician-Researchers in Schools

(1)

Case 3.3: Controlled Experimentation at General Hospital

(1)

Student Exercises: Summarizing Observations in Communication Disorders Research

(2)

PART II Research Designs for Scientists/Practitioners in Communication Disorders

(62)

Group Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(15)

Sampling Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(2)

Sampling Methods

(1)

Selecting Participants for Research Studies

(1)

The Issue of Representative Samples

(1)

Sample Size and Power

(1)

Evaluating Selection Procedures in Communication Disorders

(2)

Single-Group Research Designs in Communication Disorders

(1)

Shortcomings in Single-Group Designs

(1)

Two-Group Research Designs in Communication Disorders

(3)

Types of Two-Group Research Designs

(1)

The Issue of Group Equivalence

(1)

Basic Two-Group Research Designs

(2)

Complex Research Designs in Communication Disorders

(4)

Multivalent Research Designs

(1)

Factorial Research Designs

(1)

Multiple-Group Research Designs

(1)

Variations of Three-Group Research Designs

(1)

Conclusion: Group Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case Studies: Group Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case 4.1: A Weak or Strong Design?

(1)

Case 4.2: Do Thickened Liquids Work?

(1)

Case 4.3: Problem of Matching Participants

(1)

Student Exercises: Group Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Qualitative Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(15)

Foundations of Qualitative Research

(3)

Ethnography

(1)

Phenomenology

(1)

Field Research

(1)

Grounded Theory

(1)

Qualitative Research Designs and Methods

(6)

The Case Study Method

(2)

The Discourse Analysis Method

(1)

The Kinesic Analysis Method

(1)

The Direct Observation Method

(1)

The Participant Observation Method

(1)

The Unstructured In-Depth Interviewing Method

(1)

Credibility and Transferability in Qualitative Research

(1)

Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

(2)

Case Studies: Qualitative Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case 5.1: Career in Speech-Language Pathology?

(1)

Case 5.2: Focus on AAC

(1)

Case 5.3: Email or Not to Email

(1)

Student Exercises: Qualitative Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Single-Case Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(15)

Single-Case Designs vs. Group Designs

(1)

The Baseline Phase in Single-Case Designs

(1)

The A-B-A Single Case Design

(2)

Replication in Single-Case Designs

(1)

An Example of the A-B-A-B Single-Case Design in Communication Disorders

(1)

Visual Inspection Versus Statistical Tests

(2)

The Multiple-Baseline Single-Case Design

(2)

The Changing-Criterion Single-Case Design

(1)

The Simultaneous-Treatment Single-Case Design

(1)

Example of the Simultaneous-Treatment Single-Case Design in Communication Disorders

(2)

Conclusion: Single-Case Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case Studies: Single-Case Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Case 6.1: Problem of Limited Resources

(1)

Case 6.2: Quest for Evidence of Maintenance

(1)

Case 6.3: Balancing Ethics with Scientific Inquiry

(1)

Student Exercises: Single-Case Designs in Communication Disorders Research

(1)

Alternative Designs in Communication Disorders Research

100

(15)

Distinctive Features of Alternative Designs

100

(3)

Case Study and Ethnographic Designs

100

(1)

Historical Research

101

(1)

Correlational Research

101

(1)

Developmental Research

102

(1)

Survey Research

102

(1)

Correlational Research in Communication Disorders

103

(2)

Developmental Research in Communication Disorders

105

(3)

The Longitudinal Research Design

106

(1)

The Cross-sectional Research Design

106

(1)

The Semi-Longitudinal Research Design

107

(1)

The Survey Research Design

108

(2)

Sampling Issues in Survey Research Designs

108

(1)

Types of Survey Research Designs

109

(1)

Replication Designs in Communication Disorders

110

(2)

Conceptual Replication

110

(1)

Systematic Replication

111

(1)

Direct Replication

111

(1)

Case Examples: Replication Designs in Communication Disorders

111

(1)

Conclusion: Alternative Designs in Communication Disorders Research

112

(1)

Case Studies: Alternative Designs in Communicative Disorders Research

112

(1)

Case 7.1: Case of Too Little Too Late

112

(1)

Case 7.2: Case of the Chicken and Egg

112

(1)

Case 7.3: Long and the Short of It

113

(1)

Student Exercises: Alternative Designs in Communication Disorders Research

113

(2)

PART III Testing Hypotheses in Communication Sciences and Disorders

115

(48)

Testing Hypotheses in Communication Disorders Research

117

(17)

The Hypothesis Testing Process

117

(5)

Step One: State the Hypothesis

117

(1)

Step Two: Set an Acceptable Level of Risk (α)

118

(1)

Step Three: Choose the Sample Size

119

(1)

Step Four: Determine the Critical Value

119

(2)

Step Five: Compute the Test Statistic

121

(1)

Step Six: Make a Decision about Ho

122

(1)

The Normal Distribution

122

(1)

The Standard Normal Distribution

123

(5)

Standard Units

124

(2)

Transformed Standard Scores

126

(1)

Shapes of Frequency Distributions

126

(1)

Skewed Distributions

126

(1)

Other Common Shapes for Frequency Distributions

127

(1)

The Distribution of a Sample Statistic

128

(2)

The Distribution of Sample Means

128

(1)

The Standard Error of the Mean

129

(1)

The Central Limit Theorem

130

(1)

Estimating Population Parameters

130

(1)

Point Estimates vs. Interval Estimates

131

(1)

Student's t Distributions

131

(1)

Conclusion: Testing Hypotheses in Communication Disorders Research

132

(1)

Case Studies: Testing Hypotheses in Communication Disorders Research

132

(1)

Case 8.1: Adam's Dilemma

132

(1)

Case 8.2: Clinical Case for Priscilla

132

(1)

Case 8.3: Question of Parameters

132

(1)

Student Exercises: Testing Hypotheses in Communication Disorders Research

132

(2)

Quantitative Analysis in Communication Disorders Research

134

(14)

Tests for Differences Between Two Groups or Conditions

136

(4)

Tests for Unrelated Samples

136

(4)

Tests for Related Samples

140

(1)

Tests for Differences Between Multiple Groups or Conditions

140

(5)

Simple Analysis of Variance Procedures

141

(1)

Complex Analysis of Variance Procedures

142

(3)

Tests for Analyzing Categorical (Nominal) Data

145

(1)

Case Studies: Quantitative Analysis in Communication Disorders Research

146

(1)

Case 9.1: A Quandary for Klein and Brown

146

(1)

Case 9.2: Inequality Dilemma for the Chavez School Research Team

147

(1)

Case 9.3: Student Researchers Maria and Stephen Seek Advice

147

(1)

Student Exercises: Quantitative Analysis in Communication Disorders Research

147

(1)

Synthesizing Research in Communication Disorders

148

(15)

A Model for Clinical-Outcome Research

149

(1)

Phase I Clinical-Outcome Research

149

(1)

Phase II Clinical-Outcome Research

149

(1)

Phase III Clinical-Outcome Research

149

(1)

Phase IV Clinical-Outcome Research

150

(1)

Phase V Clinical-Outcome Research

150

(1)

Synthesizing Outcomes by Narrative Review

150

(1)

Synthesizing Outcomes by Quantitative Review

151

(9)

Modern Meta-analysis

151

(2)

Step One: Develop a Research Hypothesis and Eligibility Criteria

153

(1)

Step Two: Develop a Search Strategy and Select Studies for Inclusion

154

(2)

Step Three: Convert Study Statistics to a Common Effect-Size Metric

156

(2)

Step Four: Compute a Cumulative Effect and Interpret It

158

(1)

Statistical Models

159

(1)

Case Studies: Synthesizing Research in Communication Disorders

160

(1)

Case 10.1: Database Dilemmas

160

(1)

Case 10.2: More or Less for Professor Moore and Associates

160

(1)

Case 10.3: A Problem of Incompatibility

161

(1)

Student Exercises: Synthesizing Research in Communication Disorders

161

(2)

PART IV Applied Research for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists

163

(32)

Evaluating Research for Practice in Communication Disorders

165

(16)

What Is the Report About?

167

(2)

How Does the Study Fit into What Is Already Known?

169

(1)

How Was the Study Done?

170

(3)

Description of Participants or Subjects

170

(1)

Description of Apparatus and Material

171

(1)

Description of the Procedure

172

(1)

What Was Found?

173

(3)

Do the Results Address Practical Significance and Clinical Importance?

174

(2)

What Do the Results Mean?

176

(2)

Conclusion: Evaluating Research for Practice in Communication Disorders

178

(1)

Case Studies: Evaluating Research for Practice in Communication Disorders

178

(2)

Case 11.1: Professor Matlin's Dilemma

178

(1)

Case 11.2: Collaborating for Reading Fluency

178

(2)

Case 11.3: Implications for Evidence-Based Practice?

180

(1)

Student Exercises: Evaluating Research for Practice in Communication Disorders

180

(1)

Writing for Research in Communication Disorders

181

(14)

The Prewriting/Planning Stage

183

(1)

The Writing/Drafting Stage

184

(6)

Writing the Introduction

185

(1)

Writing the Research Method

186

(1)

Writing the Research Results

186

(1)

Writing the Discussion

187

(1)

Writing the Title and Abstract

188

(1)

Writing the References and Appendix

189

(1)

The Rewriting/Revision Stage

190

(1)

The Editing Stage

190

(1)

The Publication/Presentation Stage

191

(1)

Case Studies: Writing for Research in Communication Disorders

192

(1)

Case 12.1: Plan for Collaborative Writing?

192

(1)

Case 12.2: Will Julie and Eddie Avoid Plagiarism?

192

(1)

Case 12.3: Ana and Jose Need Advice

193

(1)

Student Exercises: Writing for Research in Communication Disorders

193

(2)

Appendix Evidence-Based Practice in Schools: Evaluating Research and Reducing Barriers

195

(20)

Bibliography

215

(12)

Author Index

227

(4)

Subject Index

231

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Research in Communication Sciences and Disorders Methods-Applications-Evaluations

Research in Communication Sciences and Disorders Methods-Applications-Evaluations

9780131837744

0131837745

Summary

Table of Contents

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