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Religions of the World

ISBN: 9780136279280 | 0136279287
Edition: 7th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/1998

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Table of Contents
PREFACEXV
INTRODUCTION1(12)
Overview1(12)
A Definition of Religion4(2)
The Universality of Religion6(1)
Theories of the Or... MORE6(5)
Animistic Theories7(1)
The Nature-Worship Theory8(1)
The Theory of Original Monotheism8(1)
The Magic Theory9(1)
Theories of Religion as Projections of Human Needs9(2)
Types of Religions11(1)
Basic Religions11(1)
Religions Originating in India11(1)
Religions Originating in China and Japan11(1)
Religions Originating in the Middle East12(1)
Study Questions12(1)
BASIC RELIGIONS13(63)
1 Characteristics of Basic Religions
14(17)
Sources of Information Concerning Basic Religions
15(1)
Prehistoric Beginnings of Basic Religions
16(4)
Neanderthal Religion
16(1)
Cro-Magnon Religion
16(2)
Neolithic Religion
18(2)
Common Features of Basic Religions
20(9)
Animism
21(1)
Magic
22(1)
Divination
23(1)
Taboo
24(1)
Totems
25(1)
Sacrifice
26(1)
Myth
27(1)
Rituals
27(1)
Rites of Passage
28(1)
Ancestor Veneration
29(1)
Study Questions
29(1)
Suggested Reading
30(1)
2 Native American Religions
31(23)
The Spirit World
33(1)
Animism
33(3)
Contacts with the Spirit World
36(9)
Sacrifice
37(1)
Taboos
37(1)
Ceremonies and Rituals
38(2)
The Vision Quest
40(1)
Religious Leadership
41(2)
Other Means of Contact with the Spirit World
43(2)
Death and Life After Death
45(2)
Native American Religions Today
47(1)
Study Questions
48(1)
Suggested Reading
49(1)
Source Material
49(5)
Native American Myths
49(1)
Sioux Legend of the Buffalo Maiden
49(2)
Wooing Wohpe
51(3)
3 African Religions
54(22)
Native Religions
55(15)
The High God
56(2)
The Lesser Spirits
58(2)
Ancestors
60(1)
Sacrifice
61(2)
Rites of Passage
63(4)
Religious Leaders
67(3)
Nonnative African Religions
70(1)
African Religions Today
70(1)
Study Questions
71(1)
Suggested Reading
72(1)
Source Material
72(4)
An African Divine King
72(3)
An African Creation Story
75(1)
RELIGIONS ORIGINATING IN INDIA76(105)
4 Hinduism
77(47)
The Origins of Hinduism
80(4)
Pre-Aryan India
80(1)
The Coming of the Aryans
81(1)
Aryan Religion
82(2)
The Vedic Era
84(14)
The Vedas
84(4)
The Upanishads
88(3)
The Law of Manu
91(4)
Jainism and Buddhism
95(1)
Bhagavad Gita
95(3)
Postclassical Hinduism
98(11)
Devotion to Three Major Gods
99(5)
Devotion to Knowledge
104(3)
Muslim Influences in India
107(2)
Modern Hinduism
109(4)
Hindu Holy Days
113(1)
Holi
113(1)
Divali
114(1)
Dasehra
114(1)
Hinduism Today
114(1)
Study Questions
115(1)
Suggested Reading
115(1)
Source Material
116(8)
Selections from the Rig-Veda
116(1)
"What God Shall We Adore with our Oblation?"
117(1)
The Upanishads
118(1)
The Law of Manu
118(2)
Selections from the Bhagavad Gita
120(1)
Shankara on the Nature of the Brahman
120(4)
5 Jainism
124(12)
The Life of Mahavira
124(2)
The Teachings of Jainism
126(4)
Jain Sects
130(1)
Jain Festivals
131(1)
Paijusana
131(1)
Divali
131(1)
Jainism Today
132(1)
Study Questions
132(1)
Suggested Reading
132(1)
Source Material
133(3)
A Jain Parable: The Man in the Well
133(1)
Jain Respect for Life
134(2)
6 Buddhism
136(31)
The Life of Gautama
136(5)
The Teachings of the Buddha
141(2)
The Development of Buddhism
143(1)
Theravada Buddhism
144(2)
Mahayana Buddhism
146(11)
The Principles of Mahayana
146(1)
The Spread of Mahayana Buddhism
147(2)
Mahayanist Sects
149(4)
Tibetan Buddhism
153(4)
Buddhist Festivals and Holy Days
157(1)
New Year
157(1)
Buddha's Birthday
157(1)
The Festival of Souls (Ullambana)
158(1)
The Robe Offering
158(1)
Buddhism Today
158(1)
Study Questions
159(1)
Suggested Reading
160(1)
Source Material
160(7)
Gautama Speaks of His Ascetic Practices
160(3)
The Buddha Explains the Eightfold Path
163(1)
The Infinite Compassion of the Bodhisattva
164(1)
The Importance of Sitting
165(2)
7 Sikhism
167(14)
The Life of Nanak
167(2)
The Teachings of Nanak
169(1)
The Historical Development of Sikhism
170(4)
Divisions Within Sikhism
174(1)
Sikh Religious Life
174(1)
Sikh Holy Days
175(1)
Sikhism Today
175(1)
Study Questions
175(1)
Suggested Reading
176(1)
Source Material
176(5)
The Japji
176(5)
RELIGIONS ORIGINATING IN CHINA AND JAPAN181(56)
8 Chinese Religions
182(36)
Basic Chinese Religious Concepts
184(5)
Recognition of Multiple Gods and Spirits
184(2)
Yin and Yang
186(1)
Filial Piety and Ancestor Worship
186(1)
Divination
187(1)
Development of Belief in the Shang Ti
188(1)
Decline of the Feudal System
189(1)
Taoism
189(9)
The Life of Lao-tzu
189(1)
The Tao Te Ching
190(1)
Teachings of the Early Taoist Philosophers
190(4)
Schools that Rivaled the Early Taoists
194(1)
Later Development of Taoism
195(3)
Confucianism
198(8)
The Life of Confucius
198(2)
The Teachings of Confucius
200(3)
The Development of Confucianism
203(3)
Traditional Chinese Holidays
206(2)
Chinese New Year
207(1)
Pure and Bright Festival
207(1)
The Dragon Boat Festival
207(1)
All Soul's Day
207(1)
Autumn Harvest Festival
207(1)
Winter Holidays
208(1)
Taoism and Confucianism Today
208(1)
Study Questions
209(1)
Suggested Reading
209(1)
Source Material
210(1)
Selections from Sacred Chinese Literature
210(8)
Tao Te Ching
210(2)
The Analects: Book III
212(2)
Book IV
214(2)
The Meaning and Value of Rituals
216(2)
9 Shinto
218(19)
Japanese Mythology
220(1)
The History of Shinto
220(7)
Shinto Prior to 300 CE
220(1)
Chinese Influence on Shinto
221(2)
The Revival of Shinto
223(3)
The Modern Era
226(1)
Three Forms of Shinto
227(4)
State Shinto
227(2)
Sectarian Shinto
229(1)
Domestic Shinto
230(1)
Japanese Festivals
231(1)
New Year (Shogatsu)
231(1)
Buddha's Birthday
231(1)
All Soul's Day (Ullambana)
232(1)
Autumn Festival (Niiname-sai)
232(1)
Shinto Today
232(1)
Study Questions
233(1)
Suggested Reading
233(1)
Source Material
233(1)
Shinto Myths
233(4)
Myths Regarding the Plain of High Heaven
234(3)
RELIGIONS ORIGINATING IN THE MIDDLE EAST237(171)
10 Zoroastrianism
238(22)
Pre-Zoroastrian Persian Religion
238(2)
The Life of Zoroaster
240(2)
The Teachings of Zoroaster
242(8)
The Nature of God
242(1)
The God of Evil
243(1)
The Nature of Humankind
244(1)
The Destiny of Humankind
245(2)
Zoroastrian Ethics
247(1)
Zoroastrian Worship
248(2)
Historical Development of Zoroastrianism
250(3)
Zoroastrian Holy Days
253(1)
The Jasans
253(1)
New Year's Day (No Ruz)
254(1)
Seasonal Feasts (Gahambars)
254(1)
All Souls Day (Muktad)
254(1)
Zoroastrianism Today
254(1)
Study Questions
255(1)
Suggested Reading
255(1)
Source Material
255(1)
Zoroastrian Eschatology
255(5)
Roads to the Netherworld
256(2)
Zoroastrian Dualism
258(2)
11 Judaism
260(41)
Biblical Patriarchs
261(3)
Exodus
264(1)
Sinai and the Law
265(1)
Post Sinai Religious Institutions
266(1)
Religion in the Time of the Hebrew Monarchy
266(2)
The Temple
267(1)
The Prophetic Movement
267(1)
Exile and Return
268(2)
Diaspora
270(5)
The Synagogue
270(3)
The Mishnah
273(1)
The Talmud
274(1)
Medieval Judaism
275(4)
Judaism and Islam
275(1)
Judaism in Spain
276(1)
Judaism in Other European Nations
277(1)
The Crusades
277(1)
The Cabala
278(1)
Judaism and the Modern World
279(2)
Responses to Modernity
281(9)
Shabbatai Zevi
281(1)
Mendelssohn
281(1)
Baal Shem Tov
282(1)
Reform Judaism
283(1)
Zionism
283(1)
The Holocaust
284(3)
The State of Israel
287(1)
Current Variations in Judaism
288(2)
Jewish Festivals and Holy Days
290(3)
Sabbath (Shabbat)
290(1)
Passover (Pesach)
291(1)
The Feast of Weeks (Shavuot)
291(1)
New Year (Rosh Hashanah)
291(1)
The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
291(1)
The Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot)
292(1)
The Feast of Dedication (Chanukah)
292(1)
The Feast of Lots (Purim)
292(1)
The Son of the Commandment (Bar Mitzvah)
292(1)
Judaism Today
293(1)
Study Questions
294(1)
Suggested Reading
295(1)
Source Material
295(1)
Selections from Hebrew Scriptures and the Mishnah
295(6)
Deuteronomy
296(2)
The Psalms
298(1)
Micah
298(1)
The Mishnah: Pesahim (The Feast of Passover)
299(2)
12 Christianity
301(55)
The World of the First Century CE
301(3)
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
304(7)
Early Christianity
311(9)
The Jerusalem Church
311(2)
The Life of Paul
313(1)
The Worship of the Early Church
314(1)
Leadership in the Early Church
315(2)
The Production of the New Testament
317(1)
Early Theological Controversies
318(2)
Growth of the Church of Rome
320(4)
Emergence of Christianity as the Religion of the Roman Empire
320(2)
Augustine
322(1)
The Monastic Movement
323(1)
Medieval Christianity
324(3)
Division Between Eastern and Western Christianity
324(1)
The Medieval Papacy
325(1)
Thomas Aquinas
326(1)
The Protestant Reformation
327(6)
Early Reform Movements
327(1)
Martin Luther
328(2)
Ulrich Zwingli
330(1)
John Calvin
331(1)
Other Reformation Leaders and Movements
331(2)
Modern Christianity
333(4)
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
333(3)
Catholic Dogmas Since the Counter-Reformation
336(1)
Vatican II
336(1)
Modern Movements
337(3)
Modern Protestant Movements
337(1)
The Missionary Movement
338(1)
The Ecumenical Movement
339(1)
The Christian Calendar and Holy Days
340(2)
Sunday
340(1)
Advent, Christmas, and Epiphany
340(1)
Easter
341(1)
Pentecost
341(1)
Christianity Today
342(1)
Study Questions
343(1)
Suggested Reading
344(1)
Source Material
344(1)
Selections from the New Testament
344(8)
Sermon on the Mount
345(3)
Romans
348(1)
I Corinthians
349(3)
Revelation
352(1)
The Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas
352(4)
13 Islam
356(40)
Pre-Islamic Arab Religion
356(3)
The Life of Muhammad
359(4)
The Qur'an
363(4)
The Nature of God
364(2)
Predestination
366(1)
Eschatology
367(1)
Religious Institutions
367(8)
The Mosque
367(1)
The Five Pillars
368(5)
Islam and Women
373(1)
Islamic Taboos
373(1)
Jihad
374(1)
The Spread of Islam
375(1)
The Caliphate
376(1)
Variations Within Islam
377(4)
The Sunnis
377(1)
The Shi'ites
378(1)
The Mystical Element
379(2)
Islam in the Modern World
381(3)
Muslim Calendar and Holy Days
384(1)
Feast of Fast-breaking (`Id al-Fitr)
384(1)
Feast of Sacrifice (`Id al-Adha)
384(1)
New Year
385(1)
Birthday of the Prophet Muhammad (Mawlid an-Nabi)
385(1)
Islam Today
385(2)
Study Questions
387(1)
Suggested Reading
387(1)
Source Material
387(9)
The Muslim Vision of Allah
387(4)
Muhammad Proclaims the Prescriptions of Islam
391(3)
On the Day of Judgement
394(2)
14 Baha'i
396(12)
Origin and Development of Baha'i
396(2)
The Teachings of Baha'i
398(4)
Baha'i Practices
402(1)
Baha'i Calendar and Holy Days
403(1)
Baha'i Today
404(1)
Study Questions
405(1)
Suggested Reading
405(1)
Source Material
405(1)
Selections from the Writings of Bahaullah
405(3)
Glossary408(11)
Credits419(2)
Index421

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