Readings in Ancient History: Thought and Experience from Gilgamesh to St. Augustine
ISBN: 9780495913030 | 0495913030
Edition: 7th Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 4/29/2011
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This primary source reader covers the entire span of ancient history, providing helpful editorial material and carefully selected sources. The selections in this text encourage critical thinking through an examination of parallel developments across ancient civilizations during the same historical periods.
| Near Eastern Civilizations | |
| Foundation Epics | |
| The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Sumerian Heroic Age | |
| The Quest of Gilgamesh: ôwho is most splendid among the heroes?ö | |
| The Epic of the Flood: The Babylonian Noah | |
| Hebrew Bible: Earliest Relations Between Humans and God | |
| Early Society, Justice and Moral Order | |
| The Shamash Hymns: Moral Religion and Social Justice | ... MORE |
| The Laws of Hammurabi: ôTo further the welfare of the people.ö | |
| The Instruction of Ptah-hotep: Early Material Values in Egypt | |
| Social and Work Life | |
| Work Songs from Ancient Egypt: Voices of Ordinary Men and Women | |
| School Days in Sumer: ôall the fine points of the scribal art.ö | |
| Divine Worship, Kingship and Nation | |
| Unas Pyramid Incantations: The Afterlife of a Pharaoh | |
| Hymn to the Aton: Religious Reform and Monotheism | |
| God and the Early Hebrews | |
| The Patriarchs | |
| Bondage and Deliverance; C The Sinai Covenant | |
| The People Demand a King: ôTo govern us like all the nationsö | |
| The United Kingdom of Israel: ôA great name, like the name of the great ones of the earthö | |
| Jeremiah: Prophet of the New Covenant | |
| War and International Diplomacy | |
| Amarna Letters: a Brotherhood of Kings | |
| An Egyptian-Hittite Treaty: Imperialism and International Diplomacy | |
| Sea PeoplesÆ Inscriptions: Egypt and Its Neighbors Under Ramses III | |
| Ramses III Issuing Equipment to His Troops for the Campaign Against the Sea Peoples | |
| Ramses III on the March to Zahi Against the Sea Peoples | |
| Ramses III in Battle with the Land Forces of the Sea Peoples | |
| Prism of Sennacherib: An Assyrian KingÆs Wars | |
| Persia: the Last Ancient Near Eastern Empire | |
| A Conquering Messiah: Cyrus the Great and the Persian Empire | |
| CyrusÆ Cylinder: The Chosen of Marduk | |
| Cyrus as the Messiah: Return of the Jews and the Rebuilding of Jerusalem | |
| GREEK CIVILIZATION: ANCIENT GREECE | |
| Foundation Stories: Gods, Heroes and the Individual | |
| Homer: The Greek Heroic Age | |
| Hesiod: Changing Times and the Moral Order | |
| Early Greek Lyric Poetry: Individualism Emergent | |
| Sappho | |
| Theognis | |
| PindarÆs Odes to Athletic Victors: The Heroic Ideal | |
| Archaic Greek City-States, Colonization and Tyranny | |
| Herodotus: The Foundation of Cyrene in Libya | |
| Lycurgus: The Spartan Military Machine | |
| Solon: Economic and Political Reforms at Athens | |
| Pisistratus: The Rise of Tyranny at Athens | |
| War and Peace in the Classical Age | |
| Herodotus: Greece Saved from Persian Conquest | |
| PericlesÆ Funeral Oration: An Idealized View of | |
| Democracy and Its Empire | |
| The Old Oligarch: A Critical View of Athenian Democracy and Its Empire | |
| Thucydides, History: The StatesmanÆs Handbook | |
| The Revolt of Mitylene: ôDemocracy is incapable of empireö | |
| The Corcyrean Revolution: The Psychology of Civil War | |
| The Melian Dialogue: ôThe strong do what they can and the weak submitö | |
| The Sicilian Expedition: ôMost glorious to the victors, most calamitous to the conquered.ö | |
| Society, Culture and Intellectual Life | |
| Lysias, The Murder of Eratosthenes: An Athenian WomanÆs Life: ô...I began to trust her....ö | |
| Euripides, Medea: Greek Tragic Vision of Women and the City | |
| Socrates: Philosophy Shifts from Nature to Man | |
| The Socratic Method: ôThe unexamined life is not worth livingö | |
| Aristophanes, Clouds: Socrates as Troublemaker: ôYou will now believe in no god but those we believe in...ö | |
| The Apology of Socrates: ôI am that gadfly which God has attached to the state.ö | |
| Plato: ôTurning the eye of the soul toward the lightö | |
| The Theory of Ideas: The Allegory of the Cave | |
| The Spiritual Life: Dualism of Body and Soul | |
| Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics: ôThe philosophy of human affairsö | |
| The Subject of the Nicomachean Ethics: ôThe good for manö | |
| The Definition of Happiness | |
| Intellectual and Moral Virtue | |
| Aristotle, Politics: ôA state exists for the sake of the good lifeö | |
| Nature, Origin, and Purpose of the State | |
| Good and Bad Constitutions | |
| The Ideal State: Its True Object | |
| The Ideal State: Education | |
| The Practicable State: The Best Constitution | |
| The Practicable State: Causes of Revolution | |
| The Practicable State: Preserving Constitutions | |
| Late Classical Greece | |
| Demosthenes Versus Isocrates: ôNationalismö Versus ôInternationalismö | |
| Demosthenes, First Philippic: ôAthenians, when will you act as becomes you!ö | |
| Isocrates, Address to Philip: ôA champion powerful in action.ö | |
| Hellenistic Civilization | |
| From Warrior Kings to Divine Rulers | |
| Arrian, History of Alexander the Great: Conqueror and Reformer: ôWe are free men, and they are slavesà.ö | |
| Demetrius: A God Among Men | |
| Plutarch, Life of Demetrius | |
| Athenaeus, The Learned Banquet: Ithylphallic Hymn in Honor of Demetrius | |
| Euhemerus of Messene, Sacred History: How Men Became Gods | |
| Hellenistic Rulers and Their Subjects | |
| Antigonus the One-Eyed and Scepsis: ôthat Antigonus may receive honours worthy of his achievementsàö | |
| Letter of Antigonus to Scepsis | |
| ScepsisÆ Response to AntigonusÆ Letter | |
| Athenaeus, The Learned Banquet: Hellenistic Pomp and Circumstance: ôWhat monarchy à has ever been so rich in gold?ö | |
| Hellenistic Culture, Economy and Thought | |
| Rosetta Stone Inscription: ôPtolemy the everliving, beloved of Ptah.ö | |
| Papyri on Greek and Non-Greek Interactions: ôI do not know how to speak Greek.ö | |
| Oil Monopoly of Ptolemy II Philadelphus: Toward a Command Economy: ôàexact payment from themà.ö | |
| Hellenistic Philosophy: Greek Thought in a Wider World | |
| The Cynic Counterculture: ômay I consider the universe my houseö | |
| Stoics and their Worldview: ôthe wise man does all things well.ö | |
| Hellenistic Science: Archimedes | |
| The Limits of Hellenism | |
| Polybius, Histories: Rome and the Hellenistic Kings: ôhe drew a circle round Antiochusà.ö | |
| First and Second Maccabees: Jewish Responses to Hellenization | |
| First Maccabees: Jewish Welcome Roman Power: ôthey were very strong àö | |
| Second Maccabees: ôThe altar was covered with abominable offeringsà.ö | |
| Plutarch, The Life of Antony: The Portrait of Queen Cleopatra: ôà putting her greatest confidence in herself à.ö | |
| The Roman Republic | |
| Traditions on Early Rome | |
| Livy: The Early Romans: ôThe kind of lives our ancestors livedö | |
| Preface: ôThe greatest nation in the worldö | |
| The Rape of Lucretia: Monarchy Abolished | |
| Horatius at the Bridge: ôA noble piece of work.ö | |
| Rome as a Rising Power | |
| Livy: The Foreign Policy of the Roman Republic: ôOne people in the world which would fight for othersÆ liberties.ö | |
| Polybius: The Constitution of the Roman Republic: ôit is impossible to find a better.ö | |
| Cato the Elder: Traditional Standards in a New Age | |
| Pseudo-Cicero: How to Get Elected to Public Office in Rome: ôYou must take pains to solicit the votes of all these men à.ö | |
| Crises and Transformations | |
| Tiberius Gracchus: The Republic at the Crossroads | |
| Gaius Gracchus: The Republic at the Crossroads, Continued | |
| The Social War: RomeÆs Italian Allies in Revolt: ôthey considered it no longer tolerable.ö | |
| The Revolt of Spartacus: The Dangers of a Slave Society: ôà the slaves leaped and began to fightà.ö | |
| The Conspiracy of Catiline: The Roman Republic in Decay | |
| Intellectual Life and Culture | |
| Lucretius: Epicurean Philosophy at Rome | |
| Cicero: Advocate of Property Rights, Greek Philosophy, and the Status Quo | |
| Late Republic and the Rise of Autocracy | |
| Appian: First Roman Civil War and Proscriptions: ôà destruction, death, confiscation, and wholesale extermination.ö | |
| Julius Caesar: The Man and the Statesman: ôHe doth bestride the narrow world like a colossus.ö | |
| Cicero as Champion of Liberty: The Second Philippic: ôAn eloquent man who loved his country well.ö | |
| The Roman Empire | |
| Foundations of the Principate | |
| Augustus: The Achievements of the Deified Augustus: ôà. attained supreme power by universal consent.ö | |
| AugustusÆ Reconstruction of the Roman World: Contrasting Estimates | |
| Dio Cassius: The ôTrue Democracyö of the Roman Empire | |
| Tacitus, Annals: ôIt was really from a lust for powerö | |
| Vergil, Aeneid: A Roman National Epic: ôbehold this nation.ö | |
| Romans and Non-Romans in the Pax Romana | |
| The Pax Romana: Divergent Views | |
| Tacitus, Histories: ôBy the prosperity and order of eight hundred years has this fabric of empire been consolidatedö | |
| Tacitus, Agricola: ôThey create a desert and call it peaceö | |
| Aelius Aristides, Oration on Rome: ôHow is this form of government not beyond every democracy?ö | |
| Tacitus: The Early Germans | |
| ClaudiusÆ Letter to the Alexandrians: Greeks, Jews and Romans: ôa solicitude of very long standing for the city.ö | |
| Rebels Against Rome | |
| Tacitus, Annals: The Rebellion of Boudicca in Britain: ôThis is what I, a woman, plan to do!ö | |
| Josephus, History of the Jewish War: Resistance is Futile: ôSo there is no refuge left except to make God your ally.ö | |
| PlinyÆs Correspondence with Trajan: Rome as Benevolent Ruler: ôworthy of à the splendor of your reign.ö | |
| Women, Family, and Roman Slave Society | |
| The Legal Status of Roman Women | |
| Juvenal, Satires: The Emancipated Women of the Early Empire | |
| Aspects of Roman Slavery | |
| Varro, On Agriculture: Setting Up a Slave Plantation: ôSlaves should be neither cowed nor high-spiritedö | |
| Columella, On Agriculture: Masters and Slaves: ôTheir unending toil was lightened by such friendliness àö | |
| Seneca, Moral Epistle: ô...see in him a freeborn man...ö | |
| Petronius, Satyricon: Banquet of Trimalchio, Ex-Slave and Self-Made Millionaire | |
| Philosophy and Religion | |
| Marcus Aurelius, Meditations: ôEither atoms or Providence.ö | |
| Apuleius, Golden Ass: The Cult of Isis and Religious Syncretism | |
| Early Christianity and Late Antiquity | |
| Christian Origins | |
| The New Testament: The Beginnings of Christianity | |
| The Teachings of Jesus: ôTurn away from your sins! The Kingdom of heaven is near!ö | |
| John the Baptist and the Sermon on the Mount | |
| Parables of the Kingdom | |
| JesusÆ Instructions to His Disciples | |
| The Work of Paul: ôJews and Gentiles...are all one in union with Christ Jesus.ö | |
| PaulÆs Mission: Failure at Athens, Success at Corinth | |
| PaulÆs Epistles to Christian Communities | |
| Christianity and Its Reception in the Roman World | |
| Christianity and Greco-Roman Thought: ôWhatever has been uttered aright by any men in any place belongs to us Christiansö | |
| Justin Martyr, Apology: ôThose who lived according to reason are Christiansö | |
| Tatian, Address to the Greeks: ôdo not resolve your gods and myths into allegoriesö | |
| Tertullian, Against Heretics: ôWhat is there in common between Athens and Jerusalem?ö | |
| Christians and Their Persecutors: ôAmid the ruins of a falling age, our spirit remains erectö | |
| Pliny, Letters on Christians: TrajanÆs Enlightened Policy | |
| Martyrdom of Polycarp of Smyrna: ôI am a Christianö | |
| Tertullian, Apology: A Christian View of the Persecutions | |
| A New Roman Empire | |
| The Reforms of Diocletian: ô...by whose virtue and foreseeing care all is being reshaped for the betterö | |
| Administrative Reorganization: ôThis man...overturned the Roman Empireö | |
| Edict of Maximum Prices: Fighting Inflation in the Late Roman Empire | |
| DiocletianÆs Edict of Persecution Against Christians: ôThere are profane persons here....ö | |
| Lactantius, On the Deaths of the Persecutors: ôThis man à overturned the Roman Empire.ö | |
| Eusebius of Caesarea, Life of the Emperor Constantine: ôServing God à with his every action.ö | |
| Athanasius, Life of Anthony: Ascetic as Holy Man and Celebrity: ôàthey saw that even demons feared Antony.ö | |
| John Chrysostom, On the Priesthood: Ascetic as Bishop: ôà the exceeding sanctity of this office à.ö | |
| The Theodosian Code: Legislating a Christian Roman Empire | |
| New Crises and ôFall of the Roman Empire.ö | |
| Jerome, Letter: Lament on Rome: ôThe world sinks into ruin à.ö | |
| Augustine, City of God: The Unimportance of the Earthly City: ôThe fire which makes gold shine makes chaff smoke.ö | |
| Augustine, Confessions: ôHow did I burn to fly from earthly things to You.ö | |
| Salvian of Marseille, On the Governance of God: ôWhere or in whom are evils so great, except among the Romans?ö | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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