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Public Policy Analysis : An Introduction

ISBN: 9780130976390 | 0130976393
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2004

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SummaryTable of Contents
For courses in Policy Analysis. This text is a problem-oriented, integrated, multidisciplinary synthesis of concepts and methods of public policy analysis. The multidisciplinary synthesis is achieved by means of an information processing approach that views policy analysis as a process of problem solving through the effective production, transformation, and critique of policy-relevant information. The text draws from political science, public administration, economics, decision analysis, and social and political theory to achieve the only integrated, multidisciplinary text on policy analysis currently available. This text was written to bridge the gap between academics and policy makers by using theories, concepts, and methods that bridge theory and practice.
Preface to the Third Editionxiii
1 THE PROCESS OF POLICY ANALYSIS1(32)
The Process of Policy Inquiry
2(1)
Multidisciplinary Policy Ana... MORE
3(5)
Policy-Relevant Information
3(2)
Policy-Informational Transformations
5(1)
Policy-Analytic Methods
6(2)
Three Cases of Policy Analysis
8(2)
Forms of Policy Analysis
10(6)
Retrospective and Prospective Analysis
10(4)
Descriptive and Normative Analysis
14(1)
Problem Finding and Problem Solving
14(1)
Segmented and Integrative Analysis
15(1)
The Practice of Policy Analysis
16(3)
Reconstructed Logic versus Logic-in-Use
16(1)
Methodological Opportunity Costs
17(2)
Critical Thinking and Public Policy
19(4)
The Structure of Policy Arguments
20(2)
Dynamics of Argumentation, Public Discourse, and Debate
22(1)
Chapter Summary
23(1)
Learning Objectives
23(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
23(1)
Review Questions
24(1)
Demonstration Exercise
24(1)
References
25(1)
Case 1. Multidisciplinary Policy Analysis Benefits, Costs, and Consequences of Highway Safety
25(8)
2 POLICY ANALYSIS IN THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS33(38)
Some Historical Background
34(9)
Early Origins
34(3)
The Nineteenth-Century Transformation
37(2)
The Twentieth Century-And Beyond
39(4)
The Policy-Making Process
43(1)
Models of Policy Change
44(11)
Comprehensive Economic Rationality
47(1)
Second-Best Rationality
48(2)
Disjointed Incrementalism
50(1)
Bounded Rationality
51(1)
Mixed Scanning
52(1)
Erotetic Rationality
53(1)
Critical Convergence
53(1)
Punctuated Equilibrium
54(1)
Policy Analysis in the Policy Process
55(6)
Potential Uses of Analysis
55(3)
Uses of Analysis in Practice
58(3)
Chapter Summary
61(1)
Learning Objectives
61(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
61(1)
Review Questions
62(1)
Demonstration Exercise
62(2)
References
64(1)
Case 2. Are Policy Analysts Technocrats?
64(7)
3 STRUCTURING POLICY PROBLEMS71(58)
Nature of Policy Problems
72(9)
Beyond Problem Solving
72(3)
Characteristics of Problems
75(2)
Problems verses Issues
77(2)
Three Classes of Policy Problems
79(2)
Problem Structuring in Policy Analysis
81(5)
Creativity in Problem Structuring
82(1)
Phases of Problem Structuring
82(3)
Errors of the Third Type (EIII)
85(1)
Types of Policy Models
86(10)
Descriptive Models
87(1)
Normative Models
88(1)
Verbal Models
88(1)
Symbolic Models
89(2)
Procedural Models
91(1)
Models as Surrogates and Perspectives
91(5)
Methods of Problem Structuring
96(21)
Boundary Analysis
96(3)
Classificational Analysis
99(4)
Hierarchy Analysis
103(3)
Synectics
106(2)
Brainstorming
108(2)
Multiple Perspective Analysis
110(2)
Assumptional Analysis
112(3)
Argumentation Mapping
115(2)
Chapter Summary
117(1)
Learning Objectives
117(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
117(1)
Review Questions
118(1)
Demonstration Exercise
119(1)
References
120(2)
Case 3. Problem Structuring in Mine Safety and Health, Traffic Safety, and Job Training
122(7)
4 FORECASTING EXPECTED POLICY OUTCOMES129(86)
Forecasting in Policy Analysis
130(4)
Aims of Forecasting
132(1)
Limitations of Forecasting
132(2)
Types of Futures
134(3)
Goals and Objectives of Normative Futures
135(1)
Sources of Goals, Objectives, and Alternatives
136(1)
Approaches to Forecasting
137(5)
Objects
138(1)
Bases
138(4)
Choosing Methods and Techniques
142(1)
Extrapolative Forecasting
142(20)
Classical Time-Series Analysis
143(2)
Linear Trend Estimation
145(5)
Nonlinear Time Series
150(6)
Exponential Weighting
156(1)
Data Transformation
157(2)
Catastrophe Methodology
159(3)
Theoretical Forecasting
162(18)
Theory Mapping
163(4)
Theoretical Modeling
167(1)
Causal Modeling
168(2)
Regression Analysis
170(6)
Point and Interval Estimation
176(2)
Correlational Analysis
178(2)
Judgmental Forecasting
180(17)
The Delphi Technique
181(7)
Cross-Impact Analysis
188(5)
Feasibility Assessment
193(4)
Chapter Summary
197(1)
Learning Objectives
197(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
198(1)
Review Questions
198(1)
Demonstration Exercise
198(2)
References
200(1)
Case 4. Political Consequences of Forecasting: Environmental justice and Urban Mass Rapid Transit
201(14)
5 RECOMMENDING PREFERRED POLICIES215(61)
Recommendation in Policy Analysis
216(14)
Recommendation and Multiple Advocasy
216(1)
Simple Model of Choice
217(3)
Complex Model of Choice
220(2)
Forms of Rationality
222(1)
Criteria for Policy Recommendation
223(7)
Approaches to Recommendation
230(17)
Public versus Private Choice
231(1)
Supply and Demand
232(2)
Public Choice
234(2)
Cost-Benefit Analysis
236(1)
Types of Costs and Benefits
237(3)
Tasks in Cost-Benefit Analysis
240(4)
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
244(3)
Methods and Techniques for Recommendation
247(20)
Objectives Mapping
248(1)
Value Clarification
248(2)
Value Critique
250(1)
Cost Element Structuring
251(2)
Cost Estimation
253(1)
Shadow Pricing
254(2)
Constraint Mapping
256(1)
Cost Internalization
257(2)
Discounting
259(4)
Sensitivity Analysis
263(1)
A Fortiori Analysis
263(1)
Plausibility Analysis
264(3)
Chapter Summary
267(1)
Learning Objectives
268(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
268(1)
Review Questions
268(2)
Demonstration Exercise
270(1)
References
271(1)
Case 5. Saving Time, Lives, and Gasoline: Benefits and Costs of the National Maximum Speed Limit
271(5)
6 MONITORING OBSERVED POLICY OUTCOMES276(69)
Monitoring in Policy Analysis
277(7)
Sources of Information
278(2)
Types of Policy Outcomes
280(1)
Types of Policy Actions
280(2)
Definitions and Indicators
282(2)
Approaches to Monitoring
284(18)
Social Systems Accounting
287(4)
Social Experimentation
291(4)
Social Auditing
295(2)
Research and Practice Synthesis
297(5)
Techniques for Monitoring
302(33)
Graphic Displays
302(5)
The Gini Index
307(3)
Tabular Displays
310(1)
Index Numbers
311(6)
Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
317(5)
Control-Series Analysis
322(2)
Regression-Discontinuity Analysis
324(11)
Chapter Summary
335(1)
Learning Objectives
335(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
335(1)
Review Questions
335(4)
Demonstration Exercise
339(2)
References
341(1)
Case 6. Rival Explanations of Policy Outcomes: The Political Economy of Traffic Fatalities in Europe and the United States
342(3)
7 EVALUATING POLICY PERFORMANCE345(41)
Ethics and Values in Policy Analysis
346(6)
Thinking about Values
346(3)
Ethics and Metaethics
349(2)
Standards of Conduct
351(1)
Descriptive Ethics, Normative Ethics and Metaethics
352(4)
Descriptive Value Typologies
352(1)
Developmental Value Typologies
353(1)
Normative Theories
354(2)
Metaethical Theories
356(1)
Evaluation in Policy Analysis
356(2)
The Nature of Evaluation
357(1)
Functions of Evaluation
357(1)
Criteria for Policy Evaluation
358(1)
Approaches to Evaluation
358(9)
Pseudo-evaluation
359(1)
Formal Evaluation
360(1)
Varieties of Formal Evaluation
361(2)
Decision-Theoretic Evaluation
363(4)
Methods For Evaluation
367(2)
Chapter Summary
369(1)
Learning Objectives
369(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
369(1)
Review Questions
369(1)
Demonstration Exercise
370(2)
References
372(1)
Case 7. Living Wage Policies in the United States
372(14)
8 DEVELOPING POLICY ARGUMENTS386(44)
The Structure of Policy Arguments
387(7)
Types of Knowledge Claims
387(3)
The Underdetermination of Conclusions by Information
390(1)
Warrants, Backings, and Rebuttals
391(3)
Modes of Policy Argumentation
394(24)
Argumentation from Authority
394(2)
Argumentation from Method
396(4)
Argumentation from Generalization
400(2)
Argumentation from Classification
402(1)
Argumentation from Cause
403(5)
Argumentation from Sign
408(3)
Argumentation from Motivation
411(1)
Argumentation from Intuition
412(3)
Argumentation from Analogy
415(1)
Argumentation from Parallel Case
416(1)
Argumentation from Ethics
416(2)
Evaluating Policy Arguments
418(8)
Some Hermeneutic Guidelines
419(2)
Guidelines from Informal and Formal Logic
421(2)
Systems of Argumentation
423(3)
Chapter Summary
426(1)
Learning Objectives
426(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
426(1)
Review Questions
427(1)
Demonstration Exercises
427(1)
References
428(1)
Case 8. Pros and Cons of Intervention in the Balkans
428(2)
9 COMMUNICATING POLICY ANALYSIS430(44)
The Process of Policy Communication
430(6)
Tasks in Policy Documentation
432(3)
Tasks in Oral Presentations and Briefings
435(1)
The Policy Issue Paper
436(5)
Issues Addressed in the Policy Issue Paper
437(1)
Elements of the Policy Issue Paper
438(1)
The Policy Memorandum
439(1)
The Executive Summary
440(1)
The Letter of Transmittal
440(1)
The Oral Briefing and Visual Displays
441(3)
Policy Analysis in the Policy-Making Process
444(3)
Characteristics of Information
445(1)
Modes of Inquiry
445(1)
Structure of Problems
445(1)
Political and Bureaucratic Structures
446(1)
Interactions among Stakeholders
446(1)
Chapter Summary
447(1)
Learning Objectives
447(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
447(1)
Review Questions
448(1)
Demonstration Exercise
448(1)
References
449(2)
Case 9. Adopting the EPA Lead Standard: Communicating Technical Analyses to Multiple Audiences
451(23)
Appendix 1 The Policy Issue Paper474(7)
Appendix 2 The Executive Summary481(1)
Appendix 3 The Policy Memorandum481(7)
Appendix 4 Planning Oral Briefings488(9)
Author Index497(5)
Subject Index502

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