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Psychology and the Legal System

ISBN: 9780534340858 | 0534340857
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 8/18/1997

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Table of Contents
1 Psychology and the Law: Impossible Choices
1(28)
The Importance of Laws
3(4)
Different Approaches to the Study of the... MORE
7(2)
Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
9(1)
THE FIRST DILEMMA: RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS VERSUS THE COMMON GOOD
10(4)
THE SECOND DILEMMA: EQUALITY VERSUS DISCRETION
14(5)
THE THIRD DILEMMA: TO DISCOVER THE TRUTH OR TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS
19(4)
THE FOURTH DILEMMA: SCIENCE VERSUS THE LAW AS A SOURCE OF DECISIONS
23(3)
Summary
26(1)
Key Terms
27(2)
2 Psychologists and the Legal System
29(22)
The Place of Values
30(1)
The Psychologist's Relationship to Society
30(4)
The Psychologist's Relationship to the Law
34(8)
Ethical Considerations in Each Role
42(6)
Summary
48(1)
Key Terms
49(2)
3 Legality, Morality, and Justice
51(22)
Legality versus Morality
54(5)
The Development of Conceptions of Morality
59(7)
What Is Justice?
66(1)
Equity Theory: An Attempt to Understand Justice
67(3)
Belief in a "Just World"
70(1)
Summary
71(1)
Key Terms
72(1)
4 Lawyers: Socialization, Training, and Ethics
73(26)
Law Schools and Legal Education
74(1)
The Case Method
75(1)
Skills Training
76(3)
Going to Law School
79(1)
Women in Law School and the Legal Profession
80(5)
Minorities in Law School and the Legal Profession
85(1)
The Decision to Become a Lawyer
85(2)
Lawyers and Ethics
87(3)
Criticisms of Lawyers
90(6)
Too Many Lawyers?
96(1)
Summary
97(1)
Key Terms
97(2)
5 Theories of Crime
99(32)
Theories of Crime as Explanations of Criminal Behavior
102(2)
Sociological Theories of Crime
104(3)
Biological Theories of Crime
107(7)
Psychological Theories of Crime
114(4)
Social-Psychological Theories of Crime
118(6)
Integration of Theories of Crime
124(5)
Summary
129(1)
Key Terms
129(2)
6 The Police and the Criminal Justice System
131(30)
Selection of Police Officers
134(4)
The Validity of Police Screening
138(1)
Fitness-for-Duty Evaluations
139(1)
Training of Police Officers
139(1)
Training in Crisis Intervention
140(6)
The Police Officer's Job
146(1)
Stress and the Police
147(4)
Is There a Police Personality?
151(2)
Police Community Relations
153(5)
Summary
158(1)
Key Terms
159(2)
7 Crime Investigation: Eyewitnesses
161(32)
Examples of Mistaken Identification
163(1)
Points at Which a Mistaken Identification Can Occur
164(3)
Basic Information Processing: Perception and Memory
167(2)
Repressed and Recovered Memories
169(4)
Psychological Tests of Eyewitnesses' Accuracy
173(1)
The Eyewitness in the Courtroom
174(1)
Expert Testimony by Psychologists
175(5)
Use of Hypnosis with Eyewitnesses
180(10)
Summary
190(2)
Key Terms
192(1)
8 Identification and Evaluation of Criminal Suspects
193(28)
Profiling of Criminal Suspects
194(4)
"Lie Detection" through the Use of the Polygraph
198(8)
Use of Confessions
206(1)
The Voluntariness of Confessions
207(8)
Entrapment
215(4)
Summary
219(1)
Key Terms
220(1)
9 The Rights of Victims and the Rights of the Accused
221(26)
Fairness to the Accused: The Warren Court Decisions
222(7)
The Shift in Supreme Court Decisions
229(6)
The Fourth Amendment Today
235(4)
The Rights of Victims and Potential Victims
239(3)
Advantages to the Prosecution and to the Defense in a Criminal Trial
242(1)
The Future of the Dilemma
243(1)
Summary
244(1)
Key Terms
245(2)
10 Between Arrest and Trial
247(30)
Steps between Arrest and Trial
248(7)
The Decision to Set Bail
255(7)
The Role of the Grand Jury
262(1)
Plea Bargaining
263(8)
Effects of Pretrial Publicity
271(4)
Summary
275(1)
Key Terms
276(1)
11 Forensic Assessment I: Competence and Insanity
277(38)
Competence
279(14)
The Insanity Defense
293(19)
Summary
312(1)
Key Terms
313(2)
12 Forensic Assessment II: Civil Issues
315(22)
The Scope of Forensic Psychology
316(1)
Psychological Damages to Civil Plaintiffs
317(5)
Workers' Compensation
322(3)
Civil Competencies
325(2)
Psychological Autopsies
327(2)
Child Custody and Parental Fitness
329(3)
Experts in the Adversarial System
332(2)
Summary
334(1)
Key Terms
335(2)
13 The Trial Process
337(22)
What Is the Purpose of a Trial?
339(2)
Steps in the Trial Process
341(3)
The Adversarial System
344(1)
Judges' Decisions versus Juries' Decisions
345(12)
Summary
357(1)
Key Terms
358(1)
14 Jury Trials I: Jury Representativeness and Selection
359(24)
The O. J. Simpson Criminal Trial as an Illustration of Jury Selection
360(2)
General Problems in Forming a Jury Panel
362(5)
Voir Dire: A Reasonable Process with Unreasonable Outcomes?
367(11)
"Scientific Jury Selection": Does It Work Any Better?
378(1)
Lawyers, Psychologists, and Ethics: Problems with Jury Selection
379(1)
Summary
380(1)
Key Terms
381(2)
15 Jury Trials II: Assumptions and Reforms
383(30)
Assumptions About Jurors and Juries
385(1)
The Assumption of a Tabula Rasa
385(6)
The Assumption of an Evidentiary Focus
391(8)
The Assumption That Jurors Are Accurate and Complete Information Processors
399(5)
The Assumption That Jurors Can Suspend Judgment
404(1)
The Assumption That Jury Deliberations Are Unaffected by Group Pressures or Personal Wishes
405(3)
The Jury: An Institution Long on Tradition But Short on Evaluation
408(3)
Summary
411(1)
Key Terms
412(1)
16 Psychology of Victims
413(28)
The Prevalence of Victims
414(1)
Offenders as Victims
414(2)
Types of Victims
416(1)
Sexual Harassment
416(4)
Battered Women
420(3)
Rape
423(15)
Summary
438(1)
Key Terms
439(2)
17 The Rights of Special Groups
441(28)
Children's Rights in Society
442(4)
Rights of Children in the Legal System
446(12)
Rights of Mental Patients
458(5)
Rights of Prisoners
463(3)
Summary
466(2)
Key Terms
468(1)
18 Punishment and Sentencing
469(26)
Responses to Crime: The Issue of Crime Control
470(1)
Sentencing: Difficult Choices
471(3)
Determinants of Sentencing: Relevant and Irrelevant
474(2)
Disparities in Judges' Sentences
476(1)
Possible Sources of Bias in Judges
477(3)
The Sentencing Process
480(1)
The Death Penalty: The Ultimate Punishment
481(6)
Sentencing by Jury
487(6)
Summary
493(1)
Key Terms
494(1)
GLOSSARY495(10)
REFERENCES505(38)
CREDITS543(2)
NAME INDEX545(14)
SUBJECT INDEX559

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