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Psychology Applied to Modern Life : Adjustment in the 21st Century

ISBN: 9780534608590 | 0534608590
Edition: 8th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 6/27/2005

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SummaryTable of Contents
Filled with comprehensive, balanced coverage of classic and contemporary research, relevant examples, and engaging applications, Weiten and Lloyd's text shows students how psychology helps them understand themselves and the world, and uses psychological principles to illuminate the variety of opportunities they have in their lives and their future careers. While professors cite this best-selling book for its academic credibility and the authors' ability to stay current with 'hot topics, ' students say it's one text they just don't want to stop ... MORE
PART ONE The Dynamics of Adjustment
Adjusting to Modern Life
1(31)
The Paradox of Progress
2... MORE
The Search for Direction
5(6)
Self-Help Books
The Approach of This Textbook
The Psychology of Adjustment
11(1)
What Is Psychology?
What Is Adjustment?
The Scientific Approach to Behavior
12(7)
The Commitment to Empiricism
Advantages of the Scientific Approach
Experimental Research: Looking for Causes
Correlational Research: Looking for Links
The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis
19(5)
What Isn't Very Important?
What Is Somewhat Important?
What Is Very Important?
Conclusions
Application: Improving Academic Performance
24(6)
Developing Sound Study Habits
Improving Your Reading
Getting More Out of Lectures
Applying Memory Principles
Chapter 1 Review
30(1)
Practice Test
31(1)
Theories of Personality
32(38)
The Nature of Personality
34(1)
What Is Personality?
What Are Personality Traits?
Psychodynamic Perspectives
35(9)
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
Jung's Analytical Psychology
Adler's Individual Psychology
Evaluating Psychodynamic Perspectives
Behavioral Perspectives
44(7)
Pavlov's Classical Conditioning
Skinner's Operant Conditioning
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
Evaluating Behavioral Perspectives
Humanistic Perspectives
51(4)
Rogers's Person-Centered Theory
Maslow's Theory of Self-Actualization
Evaluating Humanistic Perspectives
Biological Perspectives
55(4)
Eysenck's Theory
Recent Research in Behavioral Genetics
The Evolutionary Approach to Personality
Evaluating Biological Perspectives
A Contemporary Empirical Approach: Terror Management Theory
59(3)
Essentials of Terror Management Theory
Applications of Terror Management Theory
An Epilogue on Theoretical Diversity
62(2)
Application: Assessing Your Personality
64(4)
Key Concepts in Psychological Testing
Self-Report Inventories
Projective Tests
Chapter 2 Review
68(1)
Practice Test
69(1)
Stress and Its Effects
70(34)
The Nature of Stress
72(3)
Stress Is an Everyday Event
Stress Lies in the Eye of the Beholder
Stress May Be Embedded in the Environment
Stress May Be Self-Imposed
Stress Is Influenced by Culture
Major Types of Stress
75(6)
Frustration
Conflict
Change
Pressure
Responding to Stress
81(8)
Emotional Responses
Physiological Responses
Behavioral Responses
The Potential Effects of Stress
89(5)
Impaired Task Performance
Disruption of Cognitive Functioning
Burnout
Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
Psychological Problems and Disorders
Physical Illness
Positive Effects
Factors Influencing Stress Tolerance
94(3)
Social Support
Hardiness
Optimism
Application: Monitoring Your Stress
97(5)
Problems with the SRRS
The Life Experiences Survey
A Cautionary Note
Chapter 3 Review
102(1)
Practice Test
103(1)
Coping Processes
104(34)
The Concept of Coping
106(1)
Common Coping Patterns of Limited Value
107(6)
Giving Up
Striking Out at Others
Indulging Yourself
Blaming Yourself
Using Defensive Coping
The Nature of Constructive Coping
113(2)
Appraisal-Focused Constructive Coping
115(3)
Ellis's Rational Thinking
Humor as a Stress Reducer
Positive Reinterpretation
Problem-Focused Constructive Coping
118(7)
Using Systematic Problem Solving
Seeking Help
Using Time More Effectively
Improving Self-Control
Emotion-Focused Constructive Coping
125(5)
Enhancing Emotional Intelligence
Releasing Pent-Up Emotions
Managing Hostility and Forgiving Others
Meditating
Using Relaxation Procedures
Application: Achieving Self-Control
130(6)
Specifying Your Target Behavior
Gathering Baseline Data
Designing Your Program
Executing and Evaluating Your Program
Ending Your Program
Chapter 4 Review
136(1)
Practice Test
137(1)
PART TWO The Interpersonal Realm
The Self
138(32)
Self-Concept
140(6)
The Nature of the Self-Concept
Self-Discrepancies
Factors Shaping the Self-Concept
Self-Esteem
146(6)
The Importance of Self-Esteem
The Development of Self-Esteem
Ethnicity, Gender, and Self-Esteem
Basic Principles of Self-Perception
152(6)
Cognitive Processes
Self-Attributions
Explanatory Style
Motives Guiding Self-Understanding
Methods of Self-Enhancement
Self-Regulation
158(3)
Self-Efficacy
Self-Defeating Behavior
Self-Presentation
161(4)
Impression Management
Self-Monitoring
Application: Building Self-Esteem
165(3)
Chapter 5 Review
168(1)
Practice Test
169(1)
Social Thinking and Social Influence
170(30)
Forming Impressions of Others
172(9)
Key Sources of Information
Snap Judgments Versus Systematic Judgments
Attributions
Perceiver Expectations
Cognitive Distortions
Key Themes in Person Perception
The Problem of Prejudice
181(4)
``Old-Fashioned'' Versus Modern Discrimination
Causes of Prejudice
Reducing Prejudice
The Power of Persuasion
185(5)
The Elements of the Persuasion Process
The Whys of Persuasion
The Power of Social Pressure
190(5)
Conformity and Compliance Pressures
Pressure from Authority Figures
Culture and Social Influence
Application: Seeing Through Compliance Tactics
195(3)
The Consistency Principle
The Reciprocity Principle
The Scarcity Principle
Chapter 6 Review
198(1)
Practice Test
199(1)
Interpersonal Communication
200(34)
The Process of Interpersonal Communication
202(3)
Components of the Communication Process
Technology and Interpersonal Communication
Communication and Adjustment
Nonverbal Communication
205(8)
General Principles
Elements of Nonverbal Communication
Detecting Deception
The Significance of Nonverbal Communication
Toward More Effective Communication
213(6)
Creating a Positive Interpersonal Climate
Conversational Skills
Self-Disclosure
Effective Listening
Communication Problems
219(2)
Communication Apprehension
Barriers to Effective Communication
Interpersonal Conflict
221(6)
Beliefs About Conflict
Types of Conflict
Styles of Managing Conflict
Dealing Constructively with Conflict
Public Communication in an Adversarial Culture
Application: Developing an Assertive Communication Style
227(5)
The Nature of Assertiveness
Steps in Assertiveness Training
Chapter 7 Review
232(1)
Practice Test
233(1)
Friendship and Love
234(34)
Perspectives on Close Relationships
236(3)
The Ingredients of Close Relationships
Culture and Relationships
The Internet and Relationships
Initial Attraction and Relationship Development
239(9)
Initial Encounters
Getting Acquainted
Established Relationships
Friendship
248(2)
What Makes a Good Friend?
Gender Differences in Friendship
Romantic Love
250(10)
Sexual Orientation and Love
Gender Differences Regarding Love
Theories of Love
The Course of Romantic Love
Application: Overcoming Loneliness
260(6)
The Nature of Loneliness
Prevalence of Loneliness
The Roots of Loneliness
Correlates of Loneliness
Conquering Loneliness
Chapter 8 Review
266(1)
Practice Test
267(1)
Marriage and Intimate Relationships
268(34)
Challenges to the Traditional Model of Marriage
270(2)
Moving Toward Marriage
272(3)
The Motivation to Marry
Selecting a Mate
Predictors of Marital Success
Marital Adjustment Across the Family Life Cycle
275(4)
Between Families: The Unattached Young Adult
Joining Together: The Newly Married Couple
Family with Young Children
Family with Adolescent Children
Launching Children into the Adult World
The Family in Later Life
Vulnerable Areas in Marital Adjustment
279(6)
Gaps in Role Expectations
Work and Career Issues
Financial Difficulties
Inadequate Communication
Divorce
285(5)
Increasing Rate of Divorce
Deciding on a Divorce
Adjusting to Divorce
Effects of Divorce on Children
Remarriage
Alternatives to Marriage
290(5)
Remaining Single
Cohabitation
Gay Relationships
Application: Understanding Intimate Violence
295(5)
Date Rape
Partner Abuse
Chapter 9 Review
300(1)
Practice Test
301(1)
PART THREE Developmental Transitions
Gender and Behavior
302(34)
Gender Stereotypes
304(2)
Gender Similarities and Differences
306(5)
Cognitive Abilities
Personality Traits and Social Behavior
Psychological Disorders
Putting Gender Differences in Perspective
Biological Origins of Gender Differences
311(2)
Evolutionary Explanations
Brain Organization
Hormonal Influences
Environmental Origins of Gender Differences
313(5)
Processes in Gender-Role Socialization
Sources of Gender-Role Socialization
Gender Roles
318(8)
Role Expectations for Males
Problems with the Male Role
Role Expectations for Females
Problems with the Female Role
Sexism: A Special Problem for Females
Gender in the Past and in the Future
326(3)
Why Are Gender Roles Changing?
Alternatives to Traditional Gender Roles
A Gender-Free Society?
Application: Bridging the Gender Gap in Communication
329(5)
The Clash of Two ``Cultures''
Instrumental and Expressive Styles
Common Mixed-Gender Communication Problems
Toward a ``Shared Language''
Chapter 10 Review
334(1)
Practice Test
335(1)
Development in Adolescence and Adulthood
336(36)
The Transition of Adolescence
338(7)
Physical Changes
Cognitive Changes
Personality Changes
Adolescent Suicide
The Expanse of Adulthood
345(7)
Early Adulthood (From About Age 20 to 40)
Middle Adulthood (From About Age 40 to 65)
Late Adulthood (After Age 65)
Aging: A Gradual Process
352(6)
Physical Changes
Cognitive Changes
Personality Changes
Death and Dying
358(4)
Attitudes About Death
The Process of Dying
Bereavement and Grieving
Application: Becoming an Effective Parent
362(8)
Maternal Behavior and Infant-Mother Attachment
Day Care and Attachment
Dimensions of Childrearing
Correlates of Parenting Styles
Rearing Adolescents
Toward Effective Parenting
Using Punishment Effectively
Chapter 11 Review
370(1)
Practice Test
371(1)
Careers and Work
372(34)
Choosing a Career
374(4)
Examining Personal Characteristics and Family Influences
Researching Job Characteristics
Using Psychological Tests for Career Decisions
Taking Important Considerations into Account
Models of Career Choice and Development
378(4)
Holland's Trait Measurement and Matching Model
Super's Developmental Model
Women's Career Development
The Changing World of Work
382(5)
Workplace Trends
Education and Earnings
The Changing Workforce
Coping with Occupational Hazards
387(8)
Job Stress
Sexual Harassment
Unemployment
Balancing Work and Other Spheres of Life
395(4)
Workaholism
Work and Family Roles
Leisure and Recreation
Application: Getting Ahead in the Job Game
399(5)
Putting Together a Resume
Finding Companies You Want to Work For
Landing an Interview
Polishing Your Interview Technique
Chapter 12 Review
404(1)
Practice Test
405(1)
Development and Expression of Sexuality
406(36)
Becoming a Sexual Person
408(10)
Key Aspects of Sexual Identity
Physiological Influences
Psychosocial Influences
Gender Differences in Sexual Socialization
Sexual Orientation
Interaction in Sexual Relationships
418(1)
Motives for Engaging in Sex
Communicating About Sex
The Human Sexual Response
419(3)
The Sexual Response Cycle
Gender Differences in Patterns of Orgasm
Sexual Expression
422(2)
Fantasy
Kissing and Touching
Self-Stimulation
Oral and Anal Sex
Intercourse
Patterns of Sexual Behavior
424(5)
Sex in the Age of AIDS
Early Sexual Experiences
Sex in Committed Relationships
Infidelity in Committed Relationships
Practical Issues in Sexual Activity
429(5)
Contraception
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Application: Enhancing Sexual Relationships
434(6)
General Suggestions
Understanding Sexual Dysfunction
Coping with Specific Problems
Chapter 13 Review
440(1)
Practice Test
441(1)
PART FOUR Mental and Physical Health
Psychology and Physical Health
442(38)
Stress, Personality, and Illness
445(7)
Personality, Emotions, and Heart Disease
Stress and Cancer
Stress and Other Diseases
Stress and Immune Functioning
Conclusions
Habits, Lifestyles, and Health
452(17)
Smoking
Drinking
Overeating
Poor Nutrition
Lack of Exercise
Behavior and AIDS
Reactions to Illness
469(3)
The Decision to Seek Treatment
The Sick Role
Communicating with Health Providers
Adherence to Medical Advice
Application: Understanding the Effects of Drugs
472(6)
Drug-Related Concepts
Narcotics
Sedatives
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Marijuana
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Chapter 14 Review
478(1)
Practice Test
479(1)
Psychological Disorders
480(36)
Abnormal Behavior: Myths and Realities
482(5)
The Medical Model Applied to Abnormal Behavior
Criteria of Abnormal Behavior
Psychodiagnosis: The Classification of Disorders
The Prevalence of Psychological Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
487(4)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Phobic Disorder
Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Etiology of Anxiety Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
491(3)
Somatization Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Hypochondriasis
Etiology of Somatoform Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
494(2)
Dissociative Amnesia and Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Etiology of Dissociative Disorders
Mood Disorders
496(6)
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Etiology of Mood Disorders
Schizophrenic Disorders
502(6)
General Symptoms
Subtypes
Course and Outcome
Etiology of Schizophrenia
Psychological Disorders and the Law
508(1)
Insanity
Involuntary Commitment
Application: Understanding Eating Disorders
509(5)
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
History and Prevalence
Etiology of Eating Disorders
Course and Outcome
Chapter 15 Review
514(1)
Practice Test
515(1)
Psychotherapy
516(37)
The Elements of the Treatment Process
518(4)
Treatments: How Many Types Are There?
Clients: Who Seeks Therapy?
Therapists: Who Provides Professional Treatment?
Insight Therapies
522(10)
Psychoanalysis
Client-Centered Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Group Therapy
Evaluating Insight Therapies
Therapy and the Recovered Memories Controversy
Behavior Therapies
532(4)
General Principles
Systematic Desensitization
Aversion Therapy
Social Skills Training
Evaluating Behavior Therapies
Biomedical Therapies
536(5)
Treatment with Drugs
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Current Trends and Issues in Treatment
541(3)
Grappling with the Constraints of Managed Care
Blending Approaches to Treatment
Increasing Multicultural Sensitivity in Treatment
Application: Looking for a Therapist
544(6)
When Should You Seek Professional Treatment?
Where Do You Find Therapeutic Services?
Is the Therapist's Profession Important?
Is the Therapist's Gender Important?
Is Therapy Always Expensive?
Is the Therapist's Theoretical Approach Important?
What If There Isn't Any Progress?
What Is Therapy Like?
Chapter 16 Review
550(1)
Practice Test
551(2)
Glossary553(6)
References559(52)
Credits611(8)
Name Index619(18)
Subject Index637

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