Ping Li is Professor of Psychology, Linguistics, and Information Sciences and Technology at Pennsylvania State University. His books include The Handbook of East Asian Psycholinguistics: Volume 1, Chinese (co-edited with L-H. Tan, E. Bates, and O. Tzeng, 2006), and The Expression of Time (co-edited with W. Klein, 2009). He is Editor of the journal Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, and is on the Editorial Board of four other prominent journals.

Introduction 1

1 Bilingualism: A Short Introduction 5
François Grosjean

1.1 The Extent of Bilingualism 6

1.2 Describing Bilinguals 7

1.3 The Functions of Languages 11

1.4 Language Mode 14

1.5 Interacting with Bilinguals and Monolinguals 17

1.6 Biculturalism 21

I SPOKEN LANGUAGE PROCESSING 27

2 Speech Perception and Comprehension 29
François Grosjean

2.1 From the Speech Wave to the Mental Representation 30

2.2 Processing Monolingual Speech 33

2.3 Processing Bilingual Speech 39

3 Speech Production 50
François Grosjean

3.1 From Thought to Articulation 51

3.2 Producing Monolingual Speech 52

3.3 Language Production in Bilinguals Is a Dynamic Process 54

3.4 Producing Bilingual Speech 59

II WRITTEN LANGUAGE PROCESSING 71

4 Reading 73
Annette M.B. de Groot

4.1 An Outline of the Reading Process 74

4.2 Word Recognition in Bilinguals 76

4.3 Models of Bilingual Visual Word Recognition 87

4.4 Sentence Processing in Bilinguals 91

5 Writing 100
Rosa M. Manchón

5.1 The Psycholinguistics of Bilingual Writing: Mapping the Terrain 102

5.2 Bilingual Text Production Activity: Processes and Strategies 105

5.3 The Transfer of Knowledge and Skills in Bilingual Writing 111

III LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 117

6 Simultaneous Language Acquisition 119
Virginia Yip

6.1 Theoretical Issues 121

6.2 Methodological Issues 124

6.3 Early Developmental Stages and Language Differentiation 129

6.4 Cross-linguistic Infl uence 130

6.5 Code-mixing 133

6.6 Extensions and Applications 137

7 Successive Language Acquisition 145
Ping Li

7.1 Age Effects in Second Language Acquisition 146

7.2 Speech Learning in Successive Language Acquisition 151

7.3 Dynamic Interaction between First Language and Second Language 155

IV COGNITION AND THE BILINGUAL BRAIN 169

8 Bilingual Memory 171
Annette M.B. de Groot

8.1 The Organization of the Bilingual Mental Lexicon 172

8.2 Bilingual Concepts 181

8.3 Bilingual Autobiographical Memory 186

9 Cognitive Effects 192
Ellen Bialystok and Raluca Barac

9.1 Language and Metalinguistic Abilities 193

9.2 Acquisition of Literacy 198

9.3 Developing Executive Control 202

9.4 Advantages of Bilingualism across the Lifespan 206

10 Neurolinguistic and Neurocomputational Models 214
Ping Li

10.1 Neurolinguistic Traditions and Debates 215

10.2 The Cognitive Neuroscience of Bilingualism 220

10.3 Neurolinguistic Computational Modeling 228

Index 239

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