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Prose Models

by:
ISBN: 9780155021679 | 0155021672
Edition: 10th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 8/15/1995

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Table of Contents
Prefaceiii
To the Student: How to Use this Bookvi
Contents by Themexxi
PART 1 ORGANIZING THE ESSAY1(100)
... MORE
Introduction: The Essay and the Paragraph
3(4)
Topic Sentence, Thesis, and Unity
7(29)
Topic Sentence and Unity in the Paragraph
7(1)
The Shape of the River
8(3)
Mark Twain
A cub pilot learns to navigate a riverboat on the Mississippi
Loma Vista Drive
11(2)
James Stevenson
A steep suburban Los Angeles road has ``a runaway vehicle escape lane''
Thesis and Unity in the Essay
13(1)
Shooting an Elephant
14(10)
George Orwell
A British police inspector in Burma makes a discovery about colonial governments
A Well in India
24(5)
Peggy
Pierre Streit
A woman challenges tradition in a rural Indian village
Velva, North Dakota
29(7)
Erick Sevareid
The author discovers that life in his midwestern hometown has changed
Main and Subordinate Ideas
36(14)
The Paragraph
36(1)
Queen Victoria at the End of Her Life
37(3)
Lytton Strachey
Queen Victoria mourned her dead husband in unusual ways
The Essay
40(1)
The Blast Furnace
41(4)
Sally Carrighar
The author learned truths about life on Sunday afternoon walks with her father
Why Did I Ever Play Football?
45(5)
David Holahan
The author explains why he enjoyed playing college football
Order of Ideas
50(17)
The Paragraph
50(1)
Rome, on Two Wheels
51(3)
Alan Cowell
``The first thing that happens when you ride a motorcycle in Rome is that you wish you hadn't''
The Essay
54(1)
In an Elevator
55(2)
E. B. White
``In an elevator, ascending with strangers to familiar heights, the breath congeals, the body stiffens, the spirit marks time''
The Purpose of Lifting
57(5)
Leonard Kriegel
A man crippled by polio explains why he lifts weights
Marrying Absurd
62(5)
Joan Didion
Young people who marry in Las Vegas have strange expectations
Beginning, Middle, and End
67(12)
Mountain Day
69(5)
Susan Allen Toth
On a holiday in the fall the author and other students at a New England college bike into the countryside
Hearing the Sweetest Songs
74(5)
Nicolette Toussaint
Not hearing can be funny, or frustrating. And once in a while, it can be the cause of something truly transcendent''
Transitions
79(22)
Communication
80(3)
Lewis Thomas
Human language is different from that of other species in important ways
Nonnie
83(4)
Mary E. Mebane
The author remembers her mother and the rhythms of North Carolina rural life
In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens
87(14)
Alice Walker
``What did it mean for a black woman to be an artist in our grandmothers' time?''
PART 2 DESCRIPTION, NARRATION, EXPOSITION101(154)
Introduction
103(2)
Description
105(23)
The Pawnee Universe
106(5)
Ray A. Williamson
In traditional societies like that of the Pawnee, the sky gives order to life
Rainy Mountain
111(9)
N. Scott Momaday
An American Indian returns to Oklahoma to visit the grave of his Kiowan grandmother
The Barrio
120(8)
Ronald Takaki
Chicanos have created a Mexican-American world in the barrios of the United States
Narration
128(19)
Rowing on the Ocean
128(7)
Paul Theroux
The author faces rough water rowing a skiff off Cape Cod
A Summer Trip
135(4)
Eudora Welty
``Riding behind my father I could see that the road had him by the shoulders, by the hair under his driving cap. It took my mother to make him stop''
The American Invasion of Macun
139(8)
Esmeralda Santiago
Experts come to a rural Puerto Rican community to give instructions on healthy living
Example
147(10)
New York
147(2)
E. B. White
New York is too implausible a city to work, and yet it does
Thursday Morning in a New York Subway Station
149(3)
Tom Wolfe
Young lovers embrace during the morning rush hour at a New York City Subway station
Discipline-To What End?
152(5)
Margaret Mead
Rhoda Metraux
Two anthropologists investigate the ways children are disciplined in different cultures
Classification and Division
157(13)
Kinds of Discipline
158(5)
John Holt
Children learn from the disciplines of Superior Force, Culture, and Nature
The Newspaper
163(3)
Allan Nevins
The accuracy of a newspaper depends on the kind of information it reports
Hoppers
166(4)
Garrison Keillor
People hop over water on a New York City street
Definition
170(22)
Old-Growth Forests
171(6)
Catherine Caufield
The old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest have a natural life cycle
Crime
177(3)
Lawrence M. Friedman
Not all harmful or evil acts are crimes
The Sooners
180(3)
Philip Hamburger
The word Sooner reflects the history and values of contemporary Oklahoma
``Manly'' and ``Womanly''
183(4)
Casey Miller
Kate Swift
The dictionary definitions of manly and womanly reveal American attitudes toward men and women
The Underclass
187(5)
Herbert J. Gans
The term underclass encourages us to blame poor people for their poverty
Comparison and Contrast
192(22)
Reading and Television
193(3)
Marie Winn
Television controls the experience of the viewer
The Athlete and the Gazelle
196(3)
J. Bronowski
Unlike the animal, the athlete is not under the control of the immediate physical environment
The English and the Americans
199(4)
Edward T. Hall
The English and the Americans have different attitudes toward privacy
Seniors-Teener, A New Hybrid
203(4)
Dorothy Noyes
Seniors and teenagers may not look alike, but they have much in common
The Pen and the Scalpel
207(7)
Richard Selzer
A writer and surgeon discovers similarities in his twin vocations
Analogy
214(13)
What Makes a Writer
215(2)
Loren Eiseley
The writer's brain is like an artist's hidden storehouse of pictures
The Cosmic Prison
217(4)
Loren Eiseley
Time and space limit our exploration of the universe
The Education of a Physicist
221(6)
Michio Kaku
Early experiences encouraged the author to become a theoretical physicist
Process
227(12)
Outdoor Cooking
227(5)
Jearl Walker
The author describes several ways of cooking food outdoors
How the Spider Spins Its Web
232(3)
John Richards
The orb-webs of the spider are intricate in construction
Bags in Trees
235(4)
Ian Frazier
A New Yorker finds a way to retrieve plastic bags from trees in his neighborhood
Cause and Effect
239(16)
The Telephone
239(3)
John Brooks
The telephone is a paradoxical invention
Why Nothing Works
242(3)
Marvin Harris
Modern industrial society is responsible for why nothing works
The Growth of Cities
245(10)
James Trefil
New kinds of transportation influenced the growth of the cities
PART 3 ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION255(206)
Inductive Reasoning
257(59)
Experience and Observation
258(1)
Max into Maximilian
259(3)
Vicki Hearne
A remarkable dog guides a blind and deaf woman
Revenge Theory
262(12)
Edward Tenner
``The world we have created seems to be getting even, twisting our cleverness against us.''
The Right to Fail
274(5)
William Zinsser
Failure is an integral part of growing up and becoming educated
Wait a Minute
279(4)
Ellen Goodman
``In public, people swing beliefs at each other like fists. The audience is expected to identify a hero and a villain''
Analogy
283(1)
The Warfare in the Forest Is Not Wanton
284(3)
Brooks Atkinson
Warfare in the forest is unlike human warfare
The End of Education
287(4)
John Henry Newman
Like bodily health, education is good for its own sake
The Triumph of the Yell
291(1)
Deborah Tannen
``If public discourse is a fight, every issue must have two sides-no more, no less.''
Cause and Effect
291(6)
Who Killed Benny Paret?
297(3)
Norman Cousins
The death of a prizefighter raises questions about causes
The Not-So-Mighty Tube
300(5)
George F. Will
Television exerts less influence on our lives than many think
Statistical Lives
305(3)
Alan Wertheimer
Must we turn our backs on the needy people of today to meet the needs of people in the future?
Why Save Tropical Rain Forests?
308(3)
Roger D. Stone
We must save tropical rain forests from destruction
Students and Drugs
311(5)
Herbert Hendin
Abuse of drugs is the most dramatic expression of student unhappiness
Deductive Reasoning
316(34)
Reflections on War
319(6)
H. L. Mencken
War is difficult to eradicate because it serves human needs
The Limits of Relevance
325(3)
Kenneth B. Clark
Education is relevant to nothing but itself
When Pornography and Free Speech Collide
328(3)
Ellen Goodman
A Minneapolis ordinance designed to combat pornography raises questions about free speech and censorship
Some Thoughts on the Exploitation of Nonhuman Animals
331(10)
Jane Goodall
The author weighs the argument against the use of animals in biomedical and other research
Final Exams Discourage True Learning
341(5)
Karl L. Schilling
Karen Maitland Schilling
``Many of our current testing practices, particularly final exams, encourage the development of academic bulimia: binge-and-purge learning.''
Who Deserved the Death Penalty?
346(4)
William Raspberry
Should a judge consider social advantages and disadvantages in sentencing criminals?
Controversy
350(39)
Women and Combat
350(2)
Unbecoming in a Woman?
352(6)
Antonia Fraser
A historian examines the belief that women are unfit for military combat
The Presidential Commission on the Assignment of Women in the Armed Forces
*Ground Combat
358(6)
*Dissent on Ground Combat
364(6)
Four presidential commissioners dissent from the majority recommendation to exclude women from ground combat
Woman and Combat
370(3)
David H. Hackworth
Courage and professionalism are not the issue in the debate over women in combat
Women in the Wild Blue Yonder
373(4)
Elaine Tyler May
Those opposed to women in combat sidestep important issues
Legalizing Drugs
377(1)
Prohibition and Drugs
377(3)
Mark H. Moore
Prohibition is misunderstood in analogies with the drug war
The Case for Medicalizing Heroin
380(4)
Alan M. Dershowitz
Medicalizing heroin would cut drug-related crime and save lives without creating new addicts
Legalize Drugs?
384(5)
Charles B. Rangel
Legalizing drugs would neither reduce crime nor attack the root causes of drug use
Interpretation of Evidence
389(43)
The New Homeless of the 1970s and 1980s
390(18)
Peter H. Rossi
A sociologist and demographer seeks the causes of recent homelessness in America
A New Look at the Homeless
408(24)
Leanne G. Rivlin
An environmental psychologist examines the causes of homelessness from a different perspective
Methods of Persuasion
432(29)
Order of Ideas in Persuasive Essays
433(1)
``I Think I Will Not Forget This''
434(5)
Hilary de Vries
A journalist talks with a woman in a Boston shelter for the homeless
Homeless
439(3)
Anna Quindlen
``They are not the homeless. They are people who have no homes. No drawer that holds the spoons. No window to look out upon the world.''
Who Am I?
442(3)
Anonymous
Most Americans are ignorant of the history of Mexican-Americans and their contribution to American society
Waste
445(4)
Wendell Berry
``Our waste problem is not the fault only of producers''
A Modest Proposal
449(12)
Jonathan Swift
A patriot and friend of the Irish poor proposes a way to relieve poverty and reduce the surplus population
PART 4 MATTERS OF STYLE: DICTION461(62)
Introduction
463(2)
Usage
465(10)
In the Land of ``Coke-Cola''
466(4)
William Least Heat-Moon
A visitor orders the $4.50 special in a rural Georgia restaurant
Newsweek Being Cool
470(5)
A young man becomes the ``guru of cool'' in a 1950s Ohio town.
Tone
475(10)
Osu!
476(5)
Mark Singer
Eight-year-old Joshua Feldman has a karate-birthday-party.
Surfing
481(4)
William Finnegan
``It's a clean takeoff: a sudden sense of height fusing with a deep surge of speed.''
Imagery
485(5)
The Rocky Shores
485(5)
Rachel Carson
Walking through an evergreen forest to a rocky seacoast has a special enchantment.
Concreteness
490(9)
Mortality
491(3)
Bailey White
``So now I have two cars. I call them my new car and my real car. Most of the time I drive my new car. But on some days I go out to the barn and get in my real car.''
The Vinyl Santa
494(5)
Lillian Ross
Modern invention has given Christmas a new sound and look.
Figurative Language
499(11)
Resonance
500(5)
K. C. Cole
The author explores the many kinds of resonance.
Watching a Night Launch of the Space Shuttle
505(5)
Diane Ackerman
The space shuttle expresses a human aspiration.
Euphemism and Jargon
510(13)
Learning the Language
511(5)
Perri Klass
During her first months working in a hospital, a medical student learns the special language of doctors.
Little Red Riding Hood Revisited
516(4)
Russell Baker
The author translates a classic tale into ``the modern American language.''
More on Faulty Diction
520(3)
PART 5 MATTERS OF STYLE: THE SENTENCE523(52)
Introduction
525(2)
Addition and Modification
527(7)
Hudson Street
527(7)
Jane Jacobs
A New York street has the qualities of a complex ballet.
Emphasis
534(7)
The Steamboatman
535(6)
Mark Twain
A steamboat brings excitement to a nineteenth-century Missouri river town.
Loose and Periodic Sentences
541(8)
The Turtle
542(3)
John Steinbeck
A turtle struggles up a steep embankment to reach a highway.
At Tiker Creek
545(4)
Annie Dillard
A Virginia creek deepens the author's sense of time and space.
Climax
549(3)
My Grandmother
549(3)
John Updike
An exuberant boy lifts his grandmother in his arms.
Parallelism
552(6)
Boyhood in a Sacramento Barrio
553(5)
Ernesto Galarza
Traditional Hispanic values conflict with American ones in a Sacramento neighborhood.
Antithesis
558(17)
Nonviolent Resistance
558(6)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
People can resist oppression without creating anarchy.
Length
564(1)
On Matters of Doubt
565(10)
Lewis Thomas
``The sciences and the humanities are all of a piece, one and the same kind of work for the human brain, done by launching guesses and finding evidence to back up the guesses.''
PART 6 ESSAYS ON WRITING575(34)
Introduction
577(2)
The Art of Composition
579(1)
Mark Twain
``Let us guess that whenever we read a sentence and like it, we unconsciously store it away in our model-chamber; and it goes with the myriad of its fellows to the building, bring by brick, of the eventful edifice which we call our style.''
What Every Writer Must Learn
580(11)
John Ciardi
The last act of successful writers is to become readers of their own writing.
Simplicity
591(5)
William Zinsser
To write effectively, we must learn to reduce the clutter of words.
Stuffy Talk
596(13)
Walker Gibson
Writing becomes stuffy when it tries to be impersonal.
Glossary609(8)
Index617(4)
Copyrights and Acknowledgments621

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