Rent 9780130969910 | Probation and Parole : Theory and Practice

Summary Table of Contents

Featuring a front-line practitioner's insights based on the author's extensive experience as a senior parole officer, this best-selling text exposes students to the complex, "real world" of probation and parole. Comprehensive in approach, it explores the cutting-edge of both practice and theory with regard to all aspects of adult and juvenile probation, institutions, and parole. Book jacket.

Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
About the Author	p. xix
Probation and Parole in Criminal Justice	p. 1
The Reality of Criminal Justice	p. 1
American Criminal Justice	p. 3
What Is a Crime? Who Is a Criminal?	p. 5
Index Crimes	p. 6
Responding to Crime	p. 7
Classical View	p. 8
Neocl... MOREassicalism	p. 10
Positive View	p. 11
The American System of Criminal Justice	p. 12
Entering the System	p. 12
Pretrial Court Appearances	p. 13
Pretrial Hearings	p. 13
Trial or Guilty Plea	p. 14
Sentencing	p. 15
Appeals	p. 16
Probation and Parole: Why Bother?	p. 16
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation
Juvenile Court and Juvenile Justice	p. 20
The History of the Juvenile Court	p. 20
Houses of Refuge and Orphan Asylums	p. 21
The Child Savers	p. 22
The Juvenile Court Emerges	p. 22
Procedures in the Juvenile Court	p. 25
Intake	p. 26
Preliminary Hearing	p. 31
Adjudicatory Hearing	p. 35
Predisposition Report	p. 36
Disposition Hearing	p. 36
Status Offenders	p. 51
Juvenile Court Judges	p. 53
Juveniles in Criminal Court	p. 54
Blended Sentence	p. 57
Legal Decisions	p. 57
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Juvenile Probation, Institutions, and Aftercare	p. 61
Juvenile Dispositions and Their Administration	p. 61
Probation Supervision	p. 62
Day Treatment	p. 69
The Group Home	p. 70
Residential Treatment Center	p. 71
Training School	p. 75
The Youth Authority	p. 78
Aftercare and Parole	p. 82
Administration of Juvenile Services	p. 88
In the Criminal Court	p. 89
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and the Courts: History and Administration	p. 91
Court Systems: Federal and State	p. 91
Jurisdiction	p. 91
The State Courts	p. 92
Federal Courts	p. 94
Probation History	p. 96
Early Probation and John Augustus	p. 96
Early Probation Statutes	p. 97
Probation at the Turn of the Twentieth Century	p. 97
Administration of Probation	p. 98
Granting Probation	p. 103
Conditions of Probation	p. 105
Length of Supervision	p. 109
Violation of Probation	p. 111
Preliminary/Probable Cause Hearing	p. 114
Revocation Hearing	p. 115
Street Time	p. 117
Legal Decisions	p. 118
Conditions of Probation	p. 118
Probation Violation and the Three Theories of Probation	p. 119
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Sentencing and the Presentence Investigation (PSI)	p. 123
Requiring a PSI Report	p. 123
Purposes of a PSI Report	p. 123
Content of a PSI Report	p. 127
Gathering Information for the PSI	p. 128
Interviews	p. 128
Review of Records and Reports	p. 129
Short- and Long-Form PSI Reports	p. 130
Sentencing Guidelines, Mandatory Sentences, and the Classical PSI	p. 135
Plea Bargaining and the Pre-Plea Investigation	p. 164
Confidentiality of the PSI Report	p. 166
Criticism of the PSI Report	p. 167
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Parole
American Prisons and Community-Based Corrections	p. 174
America's Prison Crisis	p. 174
Origins of the American System of Prisons	p. 176
Pennsylvania: Walnut Street and Other Early Prisons	p. 177
Pennsylvania After Walnut Street	p. 179
Auburn System	p. 180
Convict Labor	p. 181
The Big House	p. 184
Corrections	p. 185
Correctional Institutions: Divisions, Rebellions, and Riots	p. 185
Attica	p. 188
Just Deserts: Contemporary Correctional Institutions	p. 190
Infectious Diseases	p. 192
Drug-abusing and Mentally Ill Inmates	p. 193
Prison Violence	p. 194
Prisons and the Courts	p. 196
Community-Based Corrections	p. 197
Prisons for Profit	p. 200
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Parole and the Indeterminate Sentence	p. 205
Transportation to America	p. 205
Maconochie and Norfolk Island	p. 206
Crofton and the Irish System	p. 206
Developments in the United States	p. 207
Elmira Reformatory	p. 207
Indeterminate Sentence and Parole	p. 208
Positivism Reemerges as the Medical Model	p. 209
Indeterminate and Determinate Sentencing	p. 213
Determinate Sentencing, Prosecutorial Discretion, and Disparate Justice	p. 216
The "Why?" of Parole	p. 218
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Parole Administration and Services	p. 222
Administration of Parole Services	p. 222
Conditional Release	p. 223
The Parole Board	p. 224
Parole Board Procedures	p. 226
Victim Participation	p. 232
Parole Board Procedures	p. 234
Parole Board Guidelines	p. 234
Parole Services-Institutional	p. 235
Parole Services-Field	p. 241
Conditions of Parole	p. 245
Length of Supervision	p. 245
Violation of Parole/Conditional Release	p. 250
Preliminary Hearing	p. 254
Revocation Hearing	p. 257
Street Time	p. 261
Parole Services: Executive Clemency	p. 262
Reprieve	p. 263
Commutation	p. 263
Pardon	p. 263
Legal Decisions Affecting Parole	p. 267
Parole Release and Parole Hearings	p. 267
Parole Violation and the Three Theories of Parole	p. 269
Parole Board Liability	p. 271
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Rehabilitation and Supervision in Probation and Parole
Rehabilitation: Theory and Practice	p. 276
Theory	p. 276
Psychoanalytic Theory	p. 277
Stages of Psychological Development	p. 277
Crime and the Superego	p. 279
Psychoanalytic Treatment	p. 280
Social Casework	p. 281
Assessment	p. 282
Evaluation	p. 283
Intervention	p. 284
Learning Theory/Behavior Modification	p. 286
Reality Therapy	p. 291
Group Work	p. 293
Sociological Theory	p. 295
Anomie	p. 295
Differential Association	p. 296
Delinquent Subcultures	p. 297
Neutralization	p. 298
Differential/Limited Opportunity	p. 299
Social Control Theory	p. 300
Drift	p. 301
Labeling	p. 301
Conflict Theory	p. 302
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and Parole Officers	p. 305
The Tasks of Probation/Parole Officers	p. 305
Probation/Parole Officer Roles and Agency Models	p. 306
The Probation/Parole Officer as an Agent of Rehabilitation	p. 308
The Probation/Parole Officer as Broker or Advocate	p. 309
The Probation/Parole Officer as Law Enforcement Agent	p. 309
Should Probation/Parole Officers Make Arrests and Carry Firearms?	p. 313
Probation and Parole Officers: The Powers of Search and Seizure	p. 317
Selecting Probation and Parole Officers	p. 318
Personal Qualities	p. 319
Volunteers	p. 320
Probation/Parole Officer Legal Liability	p. 324
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and Parole Supervision	p. 326
Classification in Probation and Parole	p. 326
Risk/Needs Assessment	p. 326
Probation/Parole Supervision	p. 331
Case Assignment	p. 332
Initial Interview	p. 333
Pretrial Supervision	p. 338
Ongoing Supervision	p. 341
Offender Employment	p. 346
The Stigma of Conviction	p. 349
Restorative and Community Justice	p. 353
Restorative Justice	p. 353
Community Justice/"Broken Windows"	p. 356
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Special Problems and Programs in Probation and Parole	p. 360
Substance-Abusing Clients	p. 360
Methadone Treatment	p. 361
Behavior Modification	p. 362
Therapeutic Community	p. 363
Chemical Dependency Programs	p. 365
Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous	p. 365
Drug Testing	p. 367
HIV/AIDS	p. 369
Federal HIV/AIDS Specialists	p. 370
New York State Division of Parole AIDS Caseloads	p. 370
Sex Offenders	p. 371
Texas Sex Offender Caseload	p. 374
Hunt County Sex Offender Unit	p. 374
Maricopa County Sex Offender Program	p. 376
Jefferson County Juvenile Sex Offender Unit	p. 376
New Haven Sex Offender Intensive Supervision Unit	p. 377
Orange County Probation Department Adult Sex Offender Unit	p. 379
Intoxicated Drivers	p. 380
Nassau County DWI Unit	p. 380
Offenders Who Are Mentally Retarded	p. 381
Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio, Mentally Retarded Offender Unit	p. 381
Erie County Special Probation Services	p. 381
Gang Intervention Unit	p. 382
Restitution and Community Service	p. 383
Community Service	p. 384
Probation/Parole Fees	p. 386
Discussion	p. 387
Work Release	p. 389
Halfway Houses	p. 390
Massachusetts Halfway Houses, Inc.	p. 392
St. Leonard's House	p. 392
Hopper Home	p. 393
Interstate Adult and Juvenile Compacts	p. 393
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Intermediate Punishments	p. 402
Intensive Probation/Parole Supervision	p. 404
Florida Community Control	p. 404
Georgia Intensive Probation Supervision	p. 405
Cook County (Chicago, Illinois) Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision	p. 405
New York and Colorado	p. 406
Somerset County (Pennsylvania) Day Report Intensive Probation Program	p. 406
Lucas County (Toledo, Ohio) Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision	p. 407
Dauphin County (Pennsylvania) Intensive Juvenile Probation	p. 407
Texas Intensive Supervision Program	p. 407
Intensive Supervision: Research Findings	p. 409
California	p. 409
Georgia	p. 410
Louisiana	p. 411
Minnesota	p. 411
New Jersey	p. 412
New York	p. 412
Ohio	p. 413
Washington State	p. 413
Wisconsin	p. 414
Discussion	p. 415
Electronic Monitoring	p. 418
Discussion	p. 422
Shock Probation/Parole	p. 423
Shock Incarceration/Boot Camp	p. 423
Discussion	p. 427
Day Reporting Centers	p. 431
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and Parole in the Twenty-First Century	p. 433
Probation and Parole: Success or Failure?	p. 433
Felony Probation	p. 436
Goals of Probation and Parole	p. 437
Where Have We Been, Where Are We Now, and Where Are We Going?	p. 440
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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